Chiphunzitso Brezhnev

"Brezhnev Chiphunzitso" anayamba kuperekedwa mu nyuzipepala "Pravda" mu kutali kwa ife mu 1968. Chofunikira chachikulu cha chiphunzitso anam'patsa dzina chachiwiri - ". Chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro okha"

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu la kukuchititsa zimenezi, m'pofunika tibwerere ku nthawi pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, imene kwambiri anasintha muyezo wa mphamvu mu Europe. Pambuyo Soviet Union anagonjetsa fascism, iye mosakayikira anayamba azikuuzani zinthu zina mu mlengalenga. Chidawoneka makamaka kufala kwa sosholisimu ku Ulaya ndi kulimbitsa malo a asilikali ovomereza ndi zomwe mu nyumba zamalamulo ndi mayiko monga Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, etc. Yugoslavia yekha mu nthawi kuti achire ulamuliro chikominisi ndi anapezerapo ndi vekitala motsogozedwa mayiko patsogolo capitalist. Mayiko a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya kuti tipititse ulamuliro akhala amaphatikizidwa mu nkhondo kugwirizananso - ATS - Organization wa Warsaw Pangano, izo anatuluka mu 1955. Izi zidzalimbikitsa polarize pa dziko ndale m'bwalomo: awiri osiyana chikumenyana maphwando, ndi capitalist ndi msasa zokomera. Kamvekedwe ka msasa zokomera nthawi anafunsa atsogoleri Soviet Union. Leonid Ilich Brezhnev, malamulo akumayiko akunja komanso anasenza amaonekera umunthu wake, anali nazonso. Iyo inali njira yatsopano imene isiyana ndi malangizo a andale yapita, monga inamangidwa kusonyeza zolakwa za Stalin ndi Khrushchev.

ndi mbali kumene chiyani? The mfundo yachilendo ya Brezhnev kwenikweni lolunjika pa machenjerero ndi disengagement ku mikangano otentha dziko. Brezhnev anali wodwala muuthunthu wandale m'malo ochenjera, kuwonjezera, kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wake, pambuyo akudwala matenda opha ziwalo, iye anayesera kuti atenge nawo mbali pa mikangano zimasiyanitsa zimphona za dziko lino. Nthawi zambiri, Leonid Ilyich yekha kugwirizana ndi zoonekeratu, njira wotsimikizika umalimbana chokondweretsa. Ziwalo chipani amene zisakuyenda anali kumbuyo Brezhnev sanayese n'komwe kupita mlingo wa mayiko mu malamulo ake akunja - ankakonda "kuyendetsa bwanji zinthu" mwa dziko lawo. Brezhnev chiphunzitso anali munthu Mbali zambiri - gulu kupanga zisankho. Nthawi zambiri zinali zachinyengo olimba, popeza zochita zonse anali mtsogoleri, koma kwa anthu padziko lonse anali kusankha mayiko. N'zoona kuti kunja ankawoneka zambiri demokalase, koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mayiko onsewa anali maphwando kuti ndi Warsaw Pangano Organization, kutanthauza - zidole la Soviet Union.

Kunja, zosankha anali mothandizidwa ndi apamaliro kwambiri maganizo. Brezhnev chiphunzitso inamangidwa pa umodzi wa anthu a ku Eastern Europe amene anali bwino kudziwa: ndondomeko yachilendo ya Union - ndi malamulo a internationalism proletarian, kutanthauza - azimai ulamuliro ndi ufulu. Choncho, onse a mafuko imene boma la Soviet, ankatengedwa wolungamitsidwa ndithu, chifukwa iwo akutsatiridwa kuthamangitsa lomwelo kufanana, ulamuliro ndi ufulu. Ndipo osadandaula kuti nthawi zina kwa kukhazikitsa miyezo wina anali kugwiritsa ntchito asilikali, monga mmene ankachitira Poland, Hungary ndi Czechoslovakia.

chipilala wina umene Brezhnev chiphunzitso - kusintha nthawi chimango kukwaniritsa chikominisi. M'malo mwake, ndi chikominisi, amene anali kuchokera nthawi ya V. I. Lenina, tsopano amatchedwa sosholisimu akupangidwa ndi ntchito yake yaitali kutsogolo kwa mazana a zaka. Zimenezi zinathandiza kubisa ambiri kulephera ndi zolakwa mawu a chuma, imene tsopano salinso anthu Soviet analonjeza tsogolo labwino mu zaka khumi kapena makumi awiri. A nthawi yaitali kudzipereka kwa sosholisimu anali akufuna L. I. Brezhnevym kuti tidzakhale mwamtendere komanso mogwirizana ndi maiko osiyanasiyana chitukuko, mwachitsanzo, capitalist. Ichinso chimachititsa kuti kulolerana Brezhnev kwa m'mayiko olemera a ku Ulaya, yogwira mgwirizano ndi ena a iwo.

Brezhnev chiphunzitso chibwenzi wavula caricature awo onse alili, koma mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza unali woyenera ndi wolondola njira kusuntha, amene amaloledwa kupewa mikangano zina zida kutsogolera Union ndi mfundo zakunja yake mtendere.