Chenicheni - ndi chiyani ichi? maphunziro Russian. maphunziro a zamalamulo

Kwa zaka zambiri, anatuluka ndi pang'onopang'ono mbisoweka madera osiyana aumunthu. Ena mwa iwo zogwirizana ndi mzimu wa nthawi yake, ena wake patsogolo mu njira zambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anali anakhalabe ndi ngakhale anapatsa boma, ndipo chachiwiri anakhala woletsedwa. Pali nthawi zambiri pamene aphunzitsi otchuka anayamba kuzunza, mabuku awo n'kutentha pagulu pamtengo monga mwano munthu. Mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri kayendedwe zaka 17-18 anali Choonadi. Wochokera ku England, izo anafalikira mofulumira ku Ulaya.

mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Choonadi

Education - njira nkhondo zomenyedwa ndi oimira bourgeoisie ndi dongosolo chikhalidwe ndi ndale ya boma. Ndime chosintha okonda a anthu anali odzipereka adani a ang'onoang'ono-absolutist dongosolo alipo. Mungathenso kupereka lingaliro lina. Chenicheni - ndi chitsogozo cha ganizo chikhalidwe ndi nzeru zaumunthu, kugwirizana ndi kuphatikiza ubale capitalist. Kuchita zomveka mu chitukuko cha boma lililonse, pakubwezeretsa ku akale kuti maziko a zatsopano, industrialisticheskim. Mbali yaikulu ya Choonadi ndi:

• demokalase, amene timapitiriza maphunziro mu zigawo zonse za anthu;
• rationalism, kupereka khulupirira kwambiri mwayi malire a maganizo a anthu. The kulimbikitsa waukulu maganizo amenewa anakhala Kant;
• maphunziro a zamalamulo. Amaphatikiza ndi kufalitsa zokhudza ufulu kwachikhalire ndi kumasulika kwa anthu.

Kuunika Europe

chi pamene malo oyamba anadza rationality ndi ufulu wamaganizo, anali mmodzi wa kiyi mapangidwe lamakonoli. Education - khalidwe lomwe kuti zayamba mchikakamizo cha ulimi wa sayansi England. mofulumira kwambiri, malingaliro nzeru Zafalikira Europe, kulowa France, ndipo kenako mu Russia. Choncho, English Chenicheni anali kholo la gulu lamphamvu, mu njira zambiri zasintha maganizo a anthu. The otchuka anali oimira Chenicheni mu France. dziko lino anatchuka chifukwa nzeru ena ake apadera amene analenga Mfundo voluminous. Mothandizidwa ndi mfundo zofunika za Choonadi linalembedwa Chikhazikitso cha wodzilamulira mu United States, komanso French za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa munthu ndi wa nzika .

Incipient kayendedwe sanathe koma bwanji chikhalidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cikhalidwe. The US Department of Education ali chikwiyire chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo ndi minda ya atsamunda kulandira ufulu wodzilamulira. Komanso, ulamuliro kwambiri anakaikira za apamwamba, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya Church pa moyo chikhalidwe. Mmbuyomu inali pafupifupi mtheradi.

Chikhalidwe kwambiri za maphunziro sankaimira wina kusukulu makamaka nzeru za anthu. Nthawi zambiri, malingaliro a anzeru osiyanasiyana komanso otsatira awo anali zimasiyana ndi ngakhale otsutsana. Kugwirizana ndi podzudzula mosavuta mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino, makhalidwe abwino, chikumbumtima ndi ndale maganizo.

Pankhani malire nthawi ya Choonadi, olemba mbiri simungakhoze kubwera kwa lingaliro limodzi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti gululi anayambitsa m'zaka 19 mochedwa, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti anali pakati pa zaka za m'ma 18. Mapeto a nthawi ino ali amaonera imfa ya Voltaire, komanso chiyambi cha nkhondo Napoleonic. Pali maganizo wina: ndi apogee wa Choonadi anakhala ndi Glorious utasintha mu England ndi French kuukira boma.

Maphunzilo ku Petrine nyengo

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anapita mu mbiri monga nthawi ya Russian osiyanitsa modabwitsa zokhudza muzochitika zones za moyo. Ndinaona kuwuka kwa sayansi ndi maphunziro. Chinachitika kusiya kupembedza a zomangamanga mpingo, anakhazikitsa asapita chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ina, kugonjetsa kudzipatula dziko. Choyamba anaonekera zakale, msonkhano, mabuku zonse, masukulu boma boma.

Russian Education - Ndi kuyesa mwa onse kutengera njira Loona za moyo. Malonda, atsogoleri anatsutsa zaluso ndi monyinyirika anapita kwa apamwamba.

Chenicheni cha m'ma 18

A zambiri zosonyeza kuti maphunziro, chikhalidwe ndi luso losiyanasiyana linaperekedwa mu masiku a ulamuliro wa Catherine II. Mfumukazi anagula mndandanda wa zojambula ndi ziboliboli, analankhulana ndi otchuka, kuphatikizapo amene anachokera m'mayiko ena. Chitsanzo cha Catherine II namtsata ndi zoyerekeza ake. Amagwirana mu zigawo zawo zisudzo, agwirizane okongola ndipo m'maso.

chidwi linaperekedwa mu nthawi ino Cadet School, mabungwe ndi sukulu. Mtengo waukulu Mfumukazi m'gulu chilengedwe cha wogwirizana dongosolo maphunziro panalibe kugawikana m'magulu. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi serfs.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pamaso pa akuluakulu kunayambitsa funso la chitukuko cha maphunziro ambiri, osati luso ndi masoka.

lamulo maphunziro Russian

Mafunso okhudza kuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa ziphunzitso za malamulo anatuluka mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 17 mochedwa. Iwo amayamba ndi azilandira ŵakusanga absolutism ndi chilengedwe cha dongosolo logwirizana maphunziro. Back mu 1682 mfumu Theodore A. kwambiri analimbikitsidwa kuphunzira zotsatira za zauzimu ndi malamulo. Koma njira izi si ikumasuliridwa moyo. Mlingo wa kuzindikira malamulo anakhalabe otsika kwambiri mu dziko.

Woyamba ophunzitsa weniweni Russia angatchedwe Peter Ine ndi Catherine II. Ndi khama lawo prerequisites woyamba kulengedwa kwa mapangidwe dongosolo ano malamulo m'dziko lathu. Peter Ine analamula kukhazikitsidwa kulemba malamulo akaitane ntchito choyamba Russia ndi kulemba Code latsopano ndi kumasulira Russian wa Mfundo yachilendo malamulo. Catherine II anapitiriza ntchito kuloŵedwa m'malo. Iye amagwira ntchito mwachangu ntchito ya jurists lopambana, Afilosofi ndi andale.

Ndi nthawi ya Peter Ine ulamuliro mbiri yakale zimachitika chiyambi cha kuli maphunziro malamulo kuti zinachititsa maphunziro a zamalamulo. anzeru ambiri m'mayiko European anabwera Russia kuona ndekha zaluso m'munda wa malamulo. Adam Smith, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa a m'madera monga maphunziro English, unawonongedwa ndi mayendedwe kochuruka kwa chitukuko cha chilamulo kuyang'aniridwa ndi Peter I. Mu m'tsogolo dera limeneli laperekedwa tcheru koposa.

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri ya Choonadi

Iliyonse nthanthi amakhala yosaiwalika kwambiri chitukuko cha chitukuko. Education zinakhudza mbali zonse za moyo chikhalidwe ndi wauzimu Ulaya, US ndi Russia. Zinali uyamiko kwa Iye panali kulekana kwa anthu akudziko ku mpingo, anthu onse anali ndi mwayi wophunzira, ndipo Malire a mayiko sanathyoledwe.