Bundestag - ndi chiyani ichi?

Bundestag - ndi yamalamulo wa Republic Federal la Germany (Deutscher Bundestag), ndi unicameral boma thupi woimira zofuna za anthu lonse German. Izo analengedwa monga wolowa mmalo mwa Reichstag m'chilamulo cha 1949, ndipo kuyambira 1999 ili mu Berlin. Panopa nyumba yamalamulo German walunjika ndi Mkhristu Democrat Norbert Lammert, ndi nkoyenera kuyambira October 18, 2005. Iwo Bundestag umasankha Federal Chancellor, amene ali mtsogoleri wa boma German.

ntchito

Mu dongosolo yake yandale Germany ndi mabwalo a aphungu amene Bundestag - ndi mphamvu zofunika:

• Mogwirizana ndi Bundesrat, iye kuchita zinthu malamulo, kukhala ndi kutenga mlingo boma, malamulo osiyanasiyana, ndiyenso kusinthidwa kwa Constitution. Komanso ratifies mapangano ndi kutsatira bajeti feduro.
• Bundestag amagwira ntchito monga legitimizing za akuluakulu ena, kuphatikizapo voti kwa woyenera malo Chancellor Federal, ndipo nawonso pa chisankho cha Pulezidenti Federal ndi oweruza.
• Imayang'anira ntchito ya boma, yomwe ayenera kukanena kwa iye, ndipo akulamulira gulu la asilikali a dziko.

Location dislocation

Pambuyo reunification la Germany, ndi Bundestag anasamukira ku nyumba Reichstag, anamanga mu m'ma XIX n'kuikonzanso ndi wamanga Norman oterewa. Kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1999, tinkachita Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

nyumbazi zili mu maofesi a nyumba yamalamulo, anamanga pafupi wina ndi mnzake mbali zonse za mtsinje Spree ndi German wotchedwa Paulo Lobe-Haus ndi Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus polemekeza parliamentarians awiri olemekezeka Democrats.

chisankho

Chisankho kwa yamalamulo German zambiri paliponse zaka zinayi, kupatula mu milandu ya kuvunda oyambirira.

Bundestag - ndi nyumba yamalamulo chisankho chimene zimagwiridwa pa dongosolo hybrid, ndiko kuti, maguluwo osankhidwa mulingo ofanana pa mndandanda chipani ndi umodzi-lamulo siyana majoritarian mu kuzungulira limodzi. The Bundestag wapangidwa ndi ziwanga 598, zomwe 299 amasankhidwa ndi Kuvota pa aphungu a. Ikugwirira akamagwira ofuna ku zipani chifukwa cha chisankho mwachindunji (by m'maboma ambiri), kukathera ku mndandanda wa akuluakulu chipani, masamu pansi pa njila poyela.

Mu chisankho ku German mchitidwe yamalamulo ambiri si nawo kufalitsidwa kwa mipando pakati pa zipani, ngati munthu wa zipani pa dongosolo uninominal amalandira aphungu ambiri kuposa mwalandira pa maziko a munthu chipani dongosolo mndandanda yekha. Zikatero, chipani alandire kuchuluka kwa ikugwirira zina (Überhangmandate). Mwachitsanzo, 17 Bundestag, amene anayamba ntchito October 28, 2009, imakhala anthu 622, 24 a iwo ogwirizira a ikugwirira zina.

yanyumba yamalamulo

Federal Pulezidenti (Bundespräsident) ali ndi ufulu kupasuka kwa Bundestag milandu iwiri:

1. Ngati yomweyo pambuyo convocation, ndi nkhani ya imfa kapena mosanyinyirika, ndi Chancellor wa Republic of Germany Federal, ndi Bundestag sangathe asankhe Chancellor latsopano ambiri mtheradi wa mavoti (Article 63, ndime 4, a chilamulo Basic la Germany).
2. Malinga ndi Chancellor wa pempholo, ngati Bundestag utenga kusankha zoipa pa nkhani ya kukhulupirira, nachiyika mavoti Chancellor (Article 68, ndime 1). Zikatere zayamba mu 1972, pamene Chancellor Willy Brandt ndi mutsogoleli Gustav Heinemann, ndipo mu 1982 pamene Chancellor Helmut podzikongoletsa m'maso anali ndi Pulezidenti Karl Carstens. Nthawi zonse, chifukwa cha mavoti anali Chancellor anakana kukhulupirira, kenako chisankho watsopano chiyenela kuchitika. February 16, 1983, khoti lalikulu linasintha chigamulo kukana kukhulupirira.

The yosiya wa Gerhard Schröder

May 22, 2005, akadzagonjetsedwa chipani chake pa chisankho dera ku North Rhine-Westphalia, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder analengeza kuti akufuna kuvota pa nkhani ya kukhulupirira, kupereka pulezidenti "mphamvu zonse zofunikira kugonjetsa panopa mavuto zimenezi."

Monga akhoza ankayembekezera German Bundestag, Gerhard Schröder anakana kukhulupirira (ndi 151 avotera momutsutsa 296 mavoti kusala 148 mavoti). Potsatira izi Chancellor mlanduwu Pempho ofunda kwa nchito yanyumba ya Bundestag pa dzina Pulezidenti Federal Horst Köhler. July 21, 2005, Pulezidenti wa inaika lamulo kupasuka yamalamulo ndi kuitana tsiku chisankho cha September 18, Lamlungu choyamba pambuyo maholide sukulu ndi Lamlungu latha popanda chichokereni ku ukulu wokhazikitsidwa nthawi malamulo a masiku 60. 23 ndi 25 August, Constitutional Court anakana pempho wopita maphwando atatu ang'onoang'ono, komanso akuluakulu ku SPD Helen Hoffman ndi Werner Schulz ku "Green" phwando.

Kapangidwe ka Bundestag German

Bundestag - thupi, wofunika kwambiri ndiwo mayunitsi structural a magulu paramilitary, ndipo amatchedwa magulu. magulu Parliamentary ndi kukonza za ntchito ya aphungu. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera ntchito a mabungwe a, timathandiza ngongole, kusinthidwa, etc.

Aliyense kagulu kamene imakhala ndi wapampando (Fraktionsvorsitzender), angapo wachiwiri-mapulezidenti ndi presidium, amene akukumana mlungu uliwonse. Pa nkhani, ndipo mwamwambo ankaona kuti kusunga okhwima chipani chilango Kuvota (Fraktionsdiziplin). The yamalamulo German N'zochititsa chidwi kuti voti mu izo kawiri kawiri zimachitika pa chizindikiro wapampando wa kagulu kamene aphungu.

The zikuchokera kwa Bundestag mulinso Bungwe la Akulu (Ältestenrat) ndi Bureau. Bungwe tichipeza wa Pulezidenti ndi akulu 23 (atsogoleri a magulu a aphungu). Aliyense ntchito zokambirana pakati pa zipani, makamaka pa loyang'anira ndi makomiti aphungu ndi cholinga. Pa Utsogoleli, kumaphatikizapo osachepera mpando ndi wachiwiri-mpando uliwonse kagulu kamene.

Aliyense limafanana ku Unduna wa Komiti Parliamentary (panopa iwo nambala 21). General malangizo amapereka wapampando wa Bundestag, tsopano akugwirizira positi, Norbert Lammert.