Bronshteyn David Ionovich: Soviet Chess grandmaster ndi wolemba

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet ndi Russian Chess grandmaster, ndi Woyesana mutu wa ngwazi dziko mu 1951, kawiri ngwazi za USSR. Bronstein anali m'gulu la osewera wamphamvu mu dziko kuyambira cha m'ma 1940s kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Anzawo otchedwa namatetule analenga ndi mbuye kupezerapo. Komanso, wakhala kudziwika Chess wolemba, m'buku lake "mayiko Grandmasters wapadziko" wakhala Insaikulopediya kwenikweni kwa oyamba ndi osewera odziwa zambiri.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Bronshteyn David Ionovich wobadwa February 19, 1924 mu White Church (Ukraine), pa dera la Soviet Union anakulira m'banja osauka Ayuda. Atate - Jonas B. - anali wakhama kumodzi fakitale mphero, ndi mayi wake - Maria Davydovna - woyang'anira dipatimenti ntchito mwa akazi (antchito ndi amphawi Division) mu komiti ya chigawo. Mu 1926 Bronstein banja anasamukira ku mzinda wa Berdyansk, kuti pafupi Azov gombe, ndipo posakhalitsa, mu zaka zinayi, anasamukira ku Kiev. Apa Bronshteyn David Ionovich woyamba amapita kusukulu. Mnyamatayo anali bwino, koma kukopa lalikulu chisoni magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mabwalo - anali ndi chidwi masamu, Chess ndi aeromodelling.

Kiev Chess School

Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, agogo ake anamuphunzitsa kuimba Chess, ndipo posakhalitsa masewera amakhala pafupifupi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo kwa iye. Munthu nthawi zonse akhala ndzidzi chessboard, iye akhoza ngakhale kusewera kudzitsutsa mwini. Pa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, Davide anapambana Chess ndime yake yoyamba (mpikisano unachitikira ku sukulu). Izi zinali kulimbikitsa chinthu kulowa Chess gawo. mphunzitsi wake anali wotchuka padziko lonse Chess mbuye dzina lake Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Chess School wasinthira chitukuko cha luso la achinyamata Chess player, ndipo posakhalitsa khumi David Bronstein nawo Kyiv Chess Championship kumene kunachitika chachiwiri. Chaka chotsatira, Davide yapambana sikisitini mutu wa Mwini Sports (1940), liza wachiwiri Chiyukireniya Chess Championship.

nthawi mdima

Mu 1937 Bronstein banja kudutsa tsoka lalikulu - bambo ake adzalanga mdani wa anthu, ndi kupereka iye mapeto a msasa kwa zaka 7. M'tsogolo, mfundo imeneyi kumaonekera tsoka la Davide. Nditamaliza maphunziro a sekondale mu 1941, achinyamata Chess player anali ndi zolinga kuphunzira masamu pa yunivesite ya Kiev, koma "Lisweka" mbiri ya banja oletsedwa yopita ku yunivesite.

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: moyo wa Chess

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mnyamata Chess player anakakamizika kupita ku mzinda wa Ordzhonikidze (tsopano Vladikavkaz), mu Caucasus, chifukwa iye anali kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito ku umodzi wa zipatala (malinga ndi malamulo a nkhondo). Mu ankhondo Soviet tithe wamng'ono Chess player anaphonya chifukwa sankaona. Bronshteyn David Ionovich mobwerezabwereza anafunsa kuti mwaufulu kupita kutsogolo, koma sanatenge. Mu 1943, pamene nkhondo pa Stalingrad, Bronstein, pamodzi ndi brigade achinyamata watumidwa yokonzanso m'tawuni. Maola ntchito, iye anayamba kugwira ntchito ya zomangamanga, ndi usiku anaphunzitsidwa ndi bwino Kusiyana kwa mipata Chess kulemba ma pa nyenyeswa za pepala.

Pambuyo chigonjetso Red Army pa Nazi Germany achinyamata Bronstein anaitanidwa Moscow - nawo mu chakhumi ndi chitatu USSR Chess Championship, imene Davide akulankhula ndi chifukwa m'malo zoipa: masewera mkwiyo kumapangitsa Chess kukhala zina. Komabe, mu 1945 Bronshteyn David Ionovich analowa Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, kumene anaphunzitsidwa kwa chaka.

Zikayenda ndi maudindo

Zosaneneka zachilengedwe talente Bronstein zina anatsegula pambuyo pa mapeto a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mu 1946, iye molimba kumenya adani onse mu ndime Chess Championship mu Moscow, ndi mu 1948 ndi 1949. Iye anapambana USSR Chess Championship. The yoyamba kupambana mayiko mpikisano Bronstein mu Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) mu 1948, pamene iye anali kupereka mutu wa grandmaster.

Mu 1950, Budapest ndinkakhala nalo ofuna Chess ndime imene Bronstein ndithu tiwabwezere osewera cholimba monga Isake Boleslavsky, Gideoni Stahlberg ndi Paulo Keres. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, grandmaster Soviet anakhala wopambana wa ofuna mpikisano mu 1950, ndipo tsopano mu njira ya Davide anali kokha dziko ngwazi - Mikhail Botvinnik.

Machesi mutu dziko ndi Botvinnik

Mu 1951 anakumana Mikhail Botvinnik (padziko lonse ngwazi) ndi Davide Bronstein (Chess player, amene anapambana opita ndime) mu masewera mutu wa ngwazi dziko. World Chess anthu sanali maganizo kuti Bronstein angakhale ena mwayi kupambana - zonse rooting kwa Mikhail Botvinnik. masewera chidali chovuta kwambiri kwa osewera onse pambuyo chigawo chiwiri wa mphambu anali 4: 3 mokomera ngwazi kuteteza. Kulimbana anapitiriza osewera alternately anapambana mzake kapena kuvomereza kuti ajambule. The Bronstein wachinyamata kusewera mwangwiro, nthawi zina ankaoneka kuti wodandaulayu adzakhala ngwazi. Ndipo nthawi iyi anali! Total mphambu pambuyo Mphindi 22 chipani anali kumbuyo Bronstein - 11,5: 10,5. Panali magulu awiri okha kuti "katswiri" mutu aulemu. David Ionovich kumenyana ngati zopambana zomwe iye akanakhoza, koma anataya masewera penultimate ndi phwaa, kusewera kutha zokayikitsa. The masewero omaliza idatha Lembani - zigoli okwana anali 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik otsiriza mpweya adanenetsa pomwe kuvala Chess korona. Mu malamulo a Chess dziko Championship, ndi pogwiritsa - umenewu ndi umboni wakuti mutu anali kumbuyo ndi kulamulira ngwazi.

Bronstein anachita ndithu modekha komanso ndi nthabwala kuti: ". Osadandaula, ine anapambana Botvinnik, kodi inu nonse anayang'ana pa ine ndi pakamwa pawo lotseguka"