Benjamin Spock: biography, moyo waumwini, wolemba "Mwana ndi Chisamaliro cha Iye"

Benjamin Spock ndi dokotala wamkulu wa ana amene analemba mu 1946 buku lodabwitsa lakuti "Mwana ndi Chisamaliro cha Iye." Zotsatira zake, zinakhala zabwino kwambiri. Ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amadziwa za Benjamin Spock mwini, mbiri yake komanso moyo wake. Kuchokera m'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira zonse zokhudza dokotala wotchuka.

Benjamin Spock: Biography (mwachidule)

Ku New Haven, banja la katswiri wamkulu wotchuka Ives Spock anali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Wamkuru wa iwo anabadwa pa May 2, 1903. Anali Benjamini Spock, amene anayenera kuthandiza amayi Mildred Louise kusamalira abale ndi alongo achinyamata. Kotero, iye ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kulera ana kuyambira ubwana ndi kuwasamalira iwo.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Spock analembetsa ku Yunivesite ya Yale komwe adaphunzira kwambiri Chichewa ndi mabuku. Iye ankakonda kuwerenga zambiri komanso nthawi zonse payekha maphunziro. Komanso, anali ndi deta yabwino kwambiri, ndipo anayamba kuchita masewera. Benjamin ngakhale mu 1924 ankasewera pa Masewera a Olimpiki akukwera ku France ndipo adagonjetsa ndondomeko ya golidi. Pamapeto pake, adakhala mpikisano wa Olympic ndipo kasanu ndi kamodzi anakondweretsa banja lake ndi zomwe adachita.

Ngakhale kuti Spock anali wodziwa bwino zinenero ndi mabuku, iye analota kukhala dokotala. Iye anachita izo. Ku Yale, anapita ku chipatala ndipo mu 1929 anakhala dokotala. Palibe amene ankadandaula kuti m'tsogolomu sakudziwika ngati dokotala, komanso ngati wolemba. Ameneyo anali Benjamin Spock. Mbiri yake ndi yaitali, koma tidzakhudza nthawi zofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wake.

Ubwana

Amayi a Benjamin Spock anatsata mosamala anawo ndipo adalera chimodzimodzi monga adokotala a banja adalangizira. Iye sanapatse ana ake mankhwala osachepera kwa zaka zisanu. Ankaganiza kuti osati mano okha, komanso ziwalo zamkati za mwana, zimawonongeka.

M'banja la Spock, ana onse anagona pamsewu, pansi pa denga, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo. Dokotala adanena kuti kuchokera kwa ana awa amakhala opirira kwambiri, amphamvu, ali ndi thanzi labwino. Mildred Louise sankaloledwa kusewera ndi anansi ake. Iye adawauza kuti amuthandize pakhomo.

Benjamin Spock anakumbukira ubwana wake ndi chisoni. Ndipotu, mmalo mochita zosangalatsa ndi anzanga, kupalasa-koza ndi kuthamanga m'misewu, adayenera kusintha makoswe, kukonzekera mabotolo kwa azichimwene ake aang'ono, kuphika pachipatala, ndi zina zotero.

Ana asanu ndi mmodzi onse sanawope atate wawo, iwo ankamuuza zoona nthawi zonse ndipo ankafunsidwa pa chilichonse. Koma amayi anga ankawopa kwambiri ndipo ankangobwereza bodza, chifukwa anawalanga chifukwa chachinyengo chochepa. Pambuyo pa maphunziro amenewa, Benjamin sanayambe kuopa makolo ake okha, komanso aphunzitsi, apolisi komanso nyama. Monga momwe adakumbukira adakumbukira, adakulira monga munthu wamakhalidwe abwino komanso wachinyamata. Moyo wake wonse anavutika ndi khalidwe lake.

Spock analankhula za amayiwo ndi mantha ndi kutentha nthawi yomweyo. Anati makolo ake nthawi zonse ankadziwa zomwe zinali zabwino kwa ana ake, koma sanalole kuti aliyense amutsutsane naye. Pamene Benjamin anali kusukulu, amayi ake anapita ku sukulu yopita kukwera. Iye ankakonda kuti kumeneko ana ankagona mu mpweya wabwino mu nyengo iliyonse.

Moyo waumwini

Pamene Spock anali kuphunzira pa chipatala, panali chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wake. Dokotala wamtsogolo adabweretsa nyumba ya mkwatibwi. Choyamba, makolowo anamutenga mtsikanayo bwino. Komabe, pamene Benjamin ndi mkwatibwi adatsekedwa m'chipindamo, amayi adayesa kufotokoza matenda a mtima. Koma mnyamata ndi mtsikanayo anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi abambo kunyumba omwe anawateteza ku zovuta za kholo. Komanso, papa adapatsa banja la wophunzira 1,000 madola pachaka. Moyo wa Benjamin Spock unali wopambana kwambiri pamene anakwatira. Pambuyo pake, sakanatha kumvera makolo ake, koma akhale munthu wodziimira.

Mildred Louise anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, ndipo anaganiza zokwatiwa popanda malangizo. Kotero iye anaganiza kuti apeze kuti apongozi ake anali ndani. Bambo ake adamwalira ndi syphilis. Komabe, mwanayo sadatengere mbali ya amayi ake ngakhale atanena choncho.

Nthawi idafika pamene Benjamin ndi mkazi wake adapeza kuti akuyembekezera mwanayo. Komabe, mwana wakhanda anafa, ndipo amayi anga sakanatha kukhala chete, iye anafotokoza maganizo ake. Ananena kuti kugonana kwawo kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha apongozi a Benjamini, omwe anali ndi kachilombo ka syphilis.

Atatha kunena zimenezi, Benjamin ndi mkazi wake anasiya kulankhula ndi amayi awo ndipo anapita ku New York, komwe kaye kaye kaye kawiri kawiri adayamba.

Benjamin ndi banja lake

Ndipotu, mnyamatayu anakhalabe ndi vuto la maganizo kuyambira ali mwana. Ndichifukwa chake mu moyo wake wachikulire iye anali wovuta komanso wozunza ana ake. Anali ndi ana aamuna awiri, omwe ankamukonda kwambiri, koma sanathe kusonyeza chikondi chake. Bambo wolimba kwambiri anali Benjamin Spock. Ana nthawi zambiri amapewa kampani yake.

Pomwe Spock adalengeza kwa atolankhani kuti sadapsompsone ana ake. Anali otsimikiza kuti ma mayi aamuna ali ndi udindo wofunikira. Mnyamatayo sakanakhoza kudzigonjetsa yekha, chomwe chinapangitsa ana ake kuzunzidwa kwambiri.

Kwa nthawi yaitali banja linakhala mofatsa ndipo linkayerekeza. Komabe, nthawi inafika pamene Spock anakhala dokotala wotchuka kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, mkazi wake adamuchitira nsanje mbiri yake ndi kupambana, pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumwa. Ndipo mu 1976 banja linasokonezeka. Dokotalayo anali ndi zaka 73, koma adaganiza zokwatiranso.

Chaka china sichinapite patatha chisudzulo, monga Spock adayimbanso. Chimene chiri chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, mkazi wake anali wamng'ono wa zaka 40, koma ankamukonda bambo wokalambayo. Ngakhale ena adatsutsa kuti zinali zolemekezeka kuposa mwamuna wake. Pamene zikuchitika, tsogolo la Benjamin Spock linali losavuta. Pambuyo pake, adayenera kulimbana ndi moyo wake wonse ndi khalidwe lake lovuta komanso lovuta.

Benjamini ndi Ana

Anawo anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi abambo awo, kotero iwo sanafune kulankhula naye, ndipo sanafune kukhala pafupi nawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake aliyense anali yekha. Mwana wamng'ono kwambiri anali John, iye anakhala wojambula wotchuka. Mkulu Michael adapeza ntchito yake yachipatala, ndipo adapezeka kuti adatsata mapazi ake - adakhala dokotala.

Spock sankadziwa kanthu za tsogolo la ana ake. Iye sanakwatire ngakhale iwo, monga miyambo imafunikila. Ndipotu palibe mwana mmodzi amene angakhululukire bambo ake chifukwa cha nkhanza zake. Komabe, zinachitika kuti Spock anayamba kulankhula ndi mwana wa Michael, dzina lake Peter. Mmenemo, adapeza malo ake ndipo adamukonda mdzukulu wake yekha.

Mu 1983, pa Khirisimasi (December 25), Peter adadzipha. Iye adadzigwetsa yekha padenga la nyumba yosungirako nyumba. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo sankakhoza kupeza chifukwa cha zochita za Petro. Zotsatira zake zinali zakuti mwana wamwamuna wazaka 22 anali ndi matenda ovutika maganizo omwe sakanatha kupirira nawo. Zitatha izi, Benjamin anali ndi vuto la mtima, lomwe linatsiriza koyamba ndi matenda a mtima ndiyeno ndi stroke. Ndi pamene mwana wa Michael anayesera kugwirizanitsa ndi abambo ake, koma adamunamizira kuti akuvutika maganizo.

Chifukwa chiyani Spock anakhala dokotala wa mwana

Ndipotu, poyamba Benjamini analota za m'nyanja ndipo amafuna kukhala dokotala pa sitimayo. Komabe, ngakhale adakali mwana, dokotala wamtsogolo adawerenga zambiri za psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, yemwe adakhudza kwambiri ntchito yake yachipatala. Kenako Spock anazindikira kuti matenda ambiri a ana samabwera okha. Zambiri zimadalira maphunziro ndi njira ya moyo. Kenako anasankha kukhala dokotala wa ana.

Pamene dokotala wamng'ono Benjamin Spock adayamba kulandira ana, adafunsa makolo ake mosamala kuti akulera bwanji ana awo. Pamapeto pake, adatsiriza. Zikuwoneka kuti nkofunika kuphunzitsa makolo poyamba osati ana. Mayi ndi abambo akamaphunzira makhalidwe abwino, amatha kulankhula ndi ana.

Chimene Spock anaphunzitsa makolo ake

Katswiri wa ana oyamba adanena kuti mwanayo ndi munthu. Sangathe kunyozedwa, makamaka pagulu. Dokotala adaphunzitsa makolo zowona za maphunziro, anafunsa mwa kukakamiza kuti asamukakamize mwanayo kuti azithandiza pakhomo. Pambuyo pake, ndinakumana ndi zowawa izi.

Panthawi imeneyo, makolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ana ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuyambira ali aang'ono kuti akhale ndi moyo wovuta. Spock anawayesa kuti asawachotse ana awo kwa ana awo ndipo sanathamangitse ndandanda ya asilikali. Pambuyo pake, anthu ambiri ali ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni, mitundu yonse ya vagaries imalangidwa ndi chilango. Izi sizingakhoze kuchitika, kuyambira pamene mwana kuyambira ali mwana adatseka yekha, psyche yake imasokonezeka.

Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa Spock anayesera kuphunzitsa makolo ake, odwala ake anakhala ochepa. Ngakhale atolankhani nthawi zonse ankalemba za iye. Chotsatira chake, adokotala wamng'ono adaganiza kulemba buku lake loyamba lalingaliro lokhudzana ndi maganizo a ana.

Ndondomeko ya maphunziro

Popeza adokotala analibe chikondi cha amayi, ndipo iye mwiniyo anavutika kuti asapereke chifundo kwa ana ake, analemba buku lodabwitsa lotchedwa "Child and Care for Him." Mchitidwe wa maphunziro a Benjamin Spock umamangidwa pa chikondi cha makolo, ndi zina - pa amayi.

Dokotala ananena kuti khalidwe la mwanayo limadalira kwambiri anthu akuluakulu. Ngati anamuberekera nthawi zonse kuti adzalangidwa chifukwa cha zolakwika zochepa, mwanayo m'tsogolomu amakhala munthu wosagwirizana ndi maganizo. Choncho, pali ziwonongeko, kudzipha ndi zina zambiri.

Katswiri wa ana akuyitana makolo kuti azikonda ana awo ndikuwakhululukira onse. Ndipotu, palibe vuto lililonse kulira misozi ya ana. Ndodo ndi karoti ndiyo njira yabwino yophunzitsira m'banja. Onetsetsani kuti mumapereka chidwi kwambiri kwa ana anu, ndipo m'tsogolomu adzakubwezerani zomwezo.

Benjamin Spock: mabuku

Kope loyambirira la adokotala limatchedwa "Maganizo a chikhalidwe cha ana." Pano adawuza makolo ake za psychoanalyst Freud, akutsutsa kuti makolo ake ayenera kudziwa za ziphunzitso zake kuti aphunzitse bwino ndi kulera ana awo.

Spock anafalitsanso buku lakuti "Kuyankhula ndi Amayi." M'menemo, amaphunzitsa makolo kuti azilankhulana bwino ndi mwanayo, amayang'anitsitsa thanzi lawo, ndi kuwakwiya. Mu bukhu lomwelo, zofunikira zoyang'anira ana zinalembedwa.

Bukhu lakuti "Mwanayo ndi kulera kwake" kumanena za njira za karoti ndi ndodo. Pambuyo pake, makolo ambiri amatha kunyalanyaza nyenyeswa zawo molakwika. Ndicho chifukwa chake zingakhale zothandiza kuziwerengera amayi ndi abambo.

Bukhu lirilonse, dokotala akuganizira kwambiri maphunziro ndi kusamalira ana. Musaiwale kuti kuyambira ali mwana adapyola sukulu yotere ndipo akhoza kuphunzitsa kumvetsetsa ana kuyambira ali aang'ono.

Buku lina lalikulu linalembedwa ndi Benjamin Spock - "Mwanayo ndikumusamalira." Ilo limamasulidwa mu magawo awiri, linakhala wogulitsa kwambiri. Bukhuli likugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka lero padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mawu ambiri okondweretsa komanso malangizo abwino omwe Dr. Benjamin Spock anapereka. "Mwanayo ndikumusamalira" ndi buku limene limaphunzitsa makolo molondola kuti aziphunzitsa ana, komanso kuti azidyetsa, kukwiya, kukondweretsa, kulankhulana, ndi zina zotero.

Kope loyamba la bukuli linafalitsidwa mu 1946. Anayamba ndi mizere kuti palibe yemwe amamudziwa bwino mwanayo kusiyana ndi makolo ake. Dokotala adayitanira kuti adzikhulupirire yekha ndi chidziwitso chake, komanso osathamanga madokotala.

Ndemanga za dokotala ndi mabuku ake

Amayi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Benjamin Spock ndi dokotala wabwino yemwe amatsegula maso a makolo ake kuzinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ochepa chabe amadziwa kuti mwana akhoza kudyetsedwa mkaka wa amayi kwa zaka zitatu. Ndipotu, lero madokotala amanena mosiyana, ndipo makolo ambiri amakhulupirira.

Ngakhale pali amayi amodzi omwe amawona kuti mabuku a zaka zapitazi sakutha, sayenera kuwamvetsera. Komabe, ngati mutalowa mkati, ndiye kuti funso limayamba chifukwa chake ana adayamba kudwala kale. Ambiri adzanena kuti chilengedwe ndi chosiyana, koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti panthawi ina chakudya chosiyana, sichidawopseza ana ndipo sanawope iwo monga lero. Ndipo ichi ndi vuto lonse. Makolo okha anali osiyana, ndipo kuchokera pa izi ndi zina zonse zasintha. Akuti Dr. Spock.

Momwe Benjamini anamwalira komanso pamene anamwalira

Dokotala sanamwalire ndi matenda a mtima kapena kupwetekedwa mtima. Iye anadwala khansa ndipo ankafunikira chithandizo chamtengo wapatali. Kenaka Michael, mwana wamkulu, anabwera kwa bambo ake ndipo anamuthandiza. Komabe, malinga ndi kuyembekezera, Spock anasiya ndalama za mwana wake. Iye adanena kuti adzafa bwino kusiyana ndi kuthandizidwa ndi munthu wamba.

Momwe Benjamini Spock anamwalira, monga palibe yemwe akudziwa. Imfa yake inadza mu 1998, pa March 15. Anali ndi zaka 94. Ena amakhulupirira kuti adamwalira ndi ukalamba, pamene ena amati adagonjetsedwa ndi khansa. Mkazi wanga sanapereke autopsy. Ndinkafuna kumukumbukira m'njira imeneyo. Zikuoneka kuti panali chikondi pakati pawo.

Kutsiliza

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti dokotala analemba mabuku ambiri abwino, chifukwa makolo amalerera ana awo. Komabe, Spock mwini sanaphunzirepo kukonda, kulemekeza ndi kuyamikira ana ake. Bwenzi la Benjamini ankamvetsa zolephera zake pokhapokha poyankhula ndi mdzukulu wake ndi ana ena, koma sakanatha kuwapangira iwo, popeza nthawi inali itatha.

Werengani mabuku a dokotala wotchuka, ndipo akuphunzitsani kuti mumve ana anu. Kondani ana anu, samverani iwo, ndipo iwo adzakubwezerani inu ndalama imodzi.