"Bay Bridge" - Bridge pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland

Bridge pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland (chithunzi pansipa) imatengedwa kuti ndi chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga. Mu US, iye ndi wodziwika ngati "Bay Bridge". Si monga wotchuka ndi alendo monga "Golden Chipata", koma ndi zofunika kwambiri m'derali.

Prerequisites kuti amangire

Mu 1869, malo US anali olumikizidwa kwa njanji transcontinental. Pa nthawi imeneyo, San Francisco anali mzinda waukulu pa Pacific gombe. Pamsewupo anamanga anthu ake munalekanitsidwa ndi Gulf wa St. Francis. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kuti boma la mzinda anayamba kulimbikitsa mfundo zimene muyenera kumanga mlatho pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland. San Francisco mwina kutaya kukopa kwawo ndi udindo. mofulumira kwambiri, komiti yapadera unakhazikitsidwa, amene mamembala anayamba dongosolo n'kukambirana pomanga msewu zitsulo. Isanayambe ntchito kunali nthawi yambiri, koma chiyambi anali akadali zofunika.

kamangidwe

Pambuyo mikangano yaitali ndi kutsutsana Amaphika dongosolo yomanga chinthu, chimene yomanga anali kuyamba ndi Oakland. Pa njira yake yomanga anali kudutsamo otchedwa kuimirira, zomwe kubooleza mumphangayo. Mfundo imeneyi yomweyo kudzudzulidwa. mfundo ndi yakuti pa mfundo iyi Bay anali osadalirika ndipo kwambiri ndithu. Mogwirizana ndi ntchito, umene unali anaganiza zomanga mlatho wa San Francisco, Oakland, anali kulephereka kwa nthawi yaitali.

Akuluakulu a boma mwabwerera kwa lingaliro iyi ndi makumi Mu zaka zapitazo. Pa nthawi ino, nagwa pa chiyambi cha Boom galimoto mu United States. Mlingo wa chitukuko zomangamanga walola ntchito dongosolo kuyimitsidwa, osati chithandizo, choncho anaganiza ntchito akale ntchito mutatis mutandis. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi panali vuto lina. Iye anali kugwirizana ndi malo Mbuzi Island m'munsi mwa American asilikali apanyanja. Only patapita chowawa kulimbikitsa magazini Congress kumayambiriro 1931, izo chilolezo kuyamba kumanga. Tikumbukenso kuti m'munsi anapitiriza ntchito pa chisumbu mpaka 1977.

kapangidwe

Bridge pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland anayamba kumanga July 9, 1933. Ntchito yomanga motsogoleredwa ndi mmisiri wotchuka pa nthawi imeneyo Ralph Modjeska. Womanga anakhala American Bridge Company. Pomanga "Bay Bridge" onse patsogolo ndi umisiri wotchuka nyumba akhala ntchito. Pofuna kuthandiza odalirika Oikidwa utali wa zogwiriziza, akatswiri apanga dongosolo sayansi. Maonekedwe ake anali choona kuti amaganizira mtundu wa dothi pansi pa Bay ndi kuya. Mu yomweyi, omanga anayamba kumanga mumphangayo pachilumbachi, amene kutalika mamita 160, ndipo awiri - mamita 23. Anapereka umboni dziko pa nthawi.

anapeza

Ntchito yomanga inatenga zaka zoposa zitatu. mbiri chiwerengero cha konkire ndi zitsulo akhala ntchito pa kuzindikira awo. November 12, 1936 mwambo wapadera umene linatsegulidwa mlatho pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland. Ulendo wake kwa Bwanamkubwa Frank Mariam. Pambuyo mawu koyambirira iye anameta kudzera mpweya kuwotcherera "riboni" ndi gilt unyolo. Pa tsiku loyamba la maofesi kugwira ntchito izo anawoloka magalimoto oposa 120 zikwi. Kukondwerera kutsegula kwa chinthu ili mu Gulf la zombo Navy ngakhale anapanga bwanji kuwala.

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a "Bay Bridge" tsalani pa zinali masenti 65. Amaona yambiri kwambiri, choncho, pambuyo ndemanga ambiri yovuta akuluakulu mzinda chepetse mtengo masenti 25.

The zikuchitika

Bridge pakati San Francisco ndi Auckland ndi ziwiri gawo dongosolo kutalika makilomita 7.2. Amakhala ndi awiri chikhatho chimodzi. Woyamba zikugwirizana San Francisco ndi mbuzi chilumba, kayendedwe ka magalimoto amene kumachitika mwa njira yotulukira 160-mita. Gawo lachiwiri oponyedwa pakati pachilumbachi ndi Auckland. Mitengo yaperekedwa. mtengo wake ndi $ 7. Komabe, iye anapereka kokha pamene amayenda kummawa mpaka kumadzulo. misinkhu onse ali kunjira asanu magalimoto. m'lifupi awo okwana ndi 17,5 m. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti pamaso mmunsi ntchito kayendedwe ka sitima, koma njanji anali ankaiphwasula mu 1963. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, aliyense gawo magalimoto ikuyenda mu madera osiyana.

chidwi mbali

Msinkhu "Bay Bridge" pa chimbuzi mamita 57. Komanso, malo ake ankakonda kuchititsa chimvula cha mphepo. Pamene nyengo kukuchitika, ndi aone ndi sakuyenda kwambiri, kufika ku mbali yaikulu ya nyumbayi, pansi silingaone. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ena oyendetsa amaopa kuyendamo. Kwa anthu oterewa ka mlatho akupereka utumiki wapachiyambi. Iwo kwagona kuti pang'ono ndi makumi ochepa ndalama dalaivala akatswiri overtakes galimoto kudutsa mlatho pakati San Francisco ndi Oakland mbali zonsezonse. Mwini galimoto pa nthawi ino chabe kuziika mu mpando galimotolo.