Bashkir atchuthi: history, kufotokoza ndi miyambo

Mtundu Turkic, Bashkirs, anatha m'mbiri yake yaitali, pitirizani miyambo yambiri, chinenero, miyambo. Bashkirskie maholide ndi osakaniza zovuta Chikunja ndi chiyambi Muslim. Pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ovutika, ndi zaka za Russian Ufumu ndi Soviet zapitazi. Ife kufotokoza waukulu chikondwerero miyambo ya Bashkirs ndi zizindikiro zawo.

Mbiri ya anthu Bashkir

malo ambiri wakale amatchula anthu okhala mu Urals kum'mwera, wakhala kuswana ng'ombe ndi mosamala kusamala malire awo. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ndi Bashkirs. magwero zalembedwa kutsimikizira kuti kale m'zaka za m'ma 9 m'mbali mwa mapiri a Ural pafupi Volga, Kama, Tobol nakhala anthu paokha. Bashkirs analankhula m'chinenero chawo, analambira zachilengedwe ndi milungu yambiri sanali achilendo aukali, koma mwaukali kulondera dziko lawo. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 9 izo anayamba Islamization pang'onopang'ono anthu, koma wakale miyambo yachikunja mogwirizana nsalu mu chipembedzo chatsopano.

Wonse chithandizo cha anthu kwa Islam chinachitika, zinali m'malo zofewa zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo ya malamulo atsopano alipo. M'zaka za m'ma 9 wa Bashkirs analimbikitsidwa Hungary, ndipo patapita mbali ya mtundu Chihangare. Bashkirs Ural m'zaka za m'ma 13, kwamtuwagalu nkhondo Mongol ndipo analandira ufulu kudziyimira pawokha. Utatha wa Golden gulu, ndi Bashkirs anali mbali ya khanates angapo, ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 16 anayamba kukhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mu Russian Ufumu.

Choyamba Bashkirs kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo anakhala nzika za tsar Russian, ndipo kenako mtundu wonse analandira Russian nzika, koma anapitiriza ufulu moyo wawo, chinenero, chikhulupiriro. Koma moyo zina anthu sanasangalale kwathunthu. Ambiri czars Russian anayesa kulanda Bashkirs maudindo awo, zinapangitsa kukaniza oopsa. Koma tsoka wotsatira wa mtundu uwu wakhala kugwirizana ndi Russia.

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo

Mbiri yaitali ndi zovuta wapanga chikhalidwe wapadera Bashkir. anthu awa poyamba anatsogolera moyo theka-wosamukasamuka, ndipo anakhudzidwa makhalidwe ake tsiku ndi tsiku. Islam makamaka inasintha koyenela mfundo. Bashkirs nthawizonse zakhala zazikulu banja ubale, amacheza ndi nambala yaikulu malamulo ndi miyambo. Achikulire wazunguliridwa ndi ulemu waukulu, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa mitundu yonse. Chifanizo cha moyo wa anthu anakhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe chikhalidwe.

Bashkirs, yemwe kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala ndi chikhalidwe osalembedwa anasunga wolemera kwambiri ndi zovuta epic, lomwe limanena za maonekedwe a anthu ndipo akatswiri awo. miyambo Bashkir ndi maholide odzipereka mu dongosolo ake ndi mfundo osati miyambo Muslim, komanso achikunja wakale, totem chifaniziro. Bashkirs - kuchereza ndi okonda mtendere anthu, chinali chifukwa cha coexistence yaitali anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba zosiyanasiyana Chitata, Chirasha, Bulgars, Mongolia, Kazakhs, ndipo onse anali polumikiza Relations. Choncho, Bashkirs akukhulupirirabe kuti ife ayenera kukhala ndi mtendere ndi anthu onse ndi kuti athe kukambirana nawo. Pankhaniyi, anthu anasunga adziwane ndi kunyada, kutsatira savutitsa kuchokera kunja.

Tchuthi ndi miyambo tsiku ndi tsiku

Bashkirs pali kusiyana pakati pa maholide ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati tsiku lililonse moyo wosalira zambiri kwambiri kukhala wokhutira ndi chakudya losavuta ndi zinthu, maholide ndi chikondwerero ambiri, ndi zosiyanasiyana miyambo. Bashkirs anasunga nkhani miyambo mwatsatanetsatane pa zochitika zonse zofunika: kubadwa, pamaukwati, pamaliro, chiyambi ndi mapeto yachaka.

Pali Tiyerekezenso achilendo maholide Bashkir, anapitiriza kufotokoza bwino za ndondomeko ya zochita zathu nthawi zonse. Chiwembu ankaikira kuvina ndi songs, miyambo m'nkhaniyi. Ngakhale zovala Bashkir wodzazidwa ikuimira kwambiri ndi manenedwe. Long Soviet nyengo kwachititsa chakuti mwambo anayamba kutuluka ntchito. Koma lero pali chitsitsimutso cha miyambo mbadwa, ndi Republic phokoso ndi awapatsa ananenera zikondwerero zonse wophiphiritsa, ndipo ali ambiri.

Eid al-Fitr

Ngati ambiri a Bashkir zikondwerero wowerengeka, Eid al-Fitr anabwera ndi Islam. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri pachaka, pa tsiku limeneli pali kumatula kusala kudya nthawi yaitali. Mu Bashkortostan, phwando limeneli chikondwerero ambiri. M'mawa anthu onse kupita ku mzikiti, ndiye nyumba okutidwa ndi matebulo wolemera chakudya ndithudi ndi anagawira osowa, osauka amafunika kupereka ndalama kwa iwo chinali chinachake kutamanda Mulungu. holide chikugwirizana ndi thandizo la akulu, ndi aumphawi, ndi ntchito zabwino. Bashkirs tsiku kuti ndithudi akutumikira ng'ombe ndi kavalo nyama, atavala zovala chikondwerero zambiri kuvina. Pa tsiku ili, palibe malo komwe.

Eid al-Adha

Izi Muslim ndi Bashkir chikondwerero chikondwerero mu September, ndipo chikugwirizana ndi nsembe ndi wopita ku Mecca. Iye chimbuzi msewu wa malo opatulika. M'mawa mu mizikiti onse Bashkortostan chikondwerero kulambira ndi wapadera popereka nsembe. Ndiye m'nyumba iliyonse anaika patebulo, onetsetsani kuti adzapereka pa munthu wosowa wa tsiku. Kawirikawiri mutu wa banja akugula pa nyama msika nyama: nkhosa, ng'ombe, kavalo, ndi razdelyvaya gawo, kupereka kwa osowa. Kenako, Bashkirs zimatumizidwa nyumba mzake, kumene tebulo chikondwerero Ambuye alemekezeke.

Kargat

Pafupifupi m'mitundu yonse pali holide, amene kutha kwa dzinja. Kargath - Bashkir chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa kubera Makwangwala Olimbana. Ndipo iwo ukutchedwa anawamasulira ku Bashkir lero - ". Grachinoye ukwati" Pa tsiku limeneli zambiri zosangalatsa. Anthu kubvala zovala, kupita kwa aliyense pamodzi kuimba ndi kuvina. Bashkirs mwamwambo chokongoletsedwa ndi mitengo tsiku maliboni, siliva, mikanda, mipango. Komanso onetsetsani kuti kukonzekera ndi kukodzedwa mu chakudya mbalame. Bashkirs mu tsiku kufunsa za chikhalidwe wabwino, chabwino yokolola. Chikondwerero lero imakhala osati wa magule ndi songs, koma mulinso Mpikisano zosiyanasiyana za amuna mphamvu ndi see. Anamaliza tchuthi zobiriwira chakudya chakudya m'deralo.

Sabantuy

Ambiri Bashkir maholide chifukwa m'zinthu nyengo ulimi kapena holide Sabantuy kulima - mmodzi wa iwo. Iye akunena anamaliza ntchito kasupe m'munda. Anthu amapempherera kukolola ndipo amayesa kuwasangalatsa milungu. Chikondwerero ikuchitikira m'madera ambiri kumene mukhoza kusonkhanitsa anthu onse a m'mudzi. Iwo ankabwera mabanja tchuthi imeneyi. Kupita Kokasangalala zikuphatikizapo miyambo nyimbo, kuvina ndi miyambo. Komanso lero, izo anaganiza zongokhala azithunzithunzi ogwetsana akuthamanga masaka mitundu ina zochitika. Mphoto yokha mwaluso ndiponso amphamvu - moyo nkhosa. Pa tsiku ili, onetsetsani kuti kumwetulira ndi nthabwala kwambiri, ndi Bashkirs, pali nyimbo zapadera kuti amapembedza chifundo cha milungu.

Yyyyn

Ngati ambiri maholide Bashkir anthu anatuluka mchikakamizo cha zikhalidwe zina, Yyyyn - ndi choyambirira, wakale kwambiri tchuthi anthu awa. Iye akuti tsiku la chilimwe yozizira. Holide linachokera ku Nyumba ya Anthu, lomwe analankhula mfundo zonse zofunika mdera. Nawo yekha amuna kenako mwambo uwu wakhala wofooka. Chikondwerero zooneka ndi malo osewerera bwalo, kumene iwo akanakhoza kukhala pansi anthu onse wolemekezeka wa m'mudzi. Masiku ano, tchuthichi unasiya kukhala mtundu wa bungwe dziko, koma anali kuphulika, imene anyamata akhala kuli ngati mamembala agile, aluso ndi amphamvu ammudzi. Pakuti iwo unachitika zosiyanasiyana mayesero. Kangapo Yyyyna zochita za ukwati m'tsogolo.

tchuti

Ndiponso dziko chinali Bashkir atchuthi pamene kuli mwa chikhalidwe Russian anaonekera mwambo kuti tisangalale ndi atchuthi. Mu ndithu mtundu bwino akudutsa chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano (January 1), tsiku Woteteza wa Dziko Lathu, March 8, Apambana Day, Tsiku la National Umodzi. Chachikulu kusiyana lagona menyu tchuthi. Bashkirs kwambiri amakonda zakudya ku dziko lawo ndi zina ngakhale boma, zikondwerero zimenezi woganizirana anaika patebulo dziko awo ankakonda mbale: kazi (soseji), Gubad, baursak, belish nyama.

maholide achipembedzo

Bashkirs - Asilamu, kotero iwo yapadera kuti ndi zofunika chipembedzo ichi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Bashkortostan kale chikondwerero Eid ndi Eid al-Adha, komanso Mawlid, Safari, tsiku Arafat ndi ena. maholide Bashkir ofanana kwambiri ndi zochitika zofanana Tatarstan, kuti zikhalidwe ofanana kwambiri apanga M'zipembedzo. kusiyana ndi zoposa chabe songs, zovala, kuvina kuti Bashkirs anasunga khalidwe dziko.

maholide banja

Popeza banja - ndi wofunika kwambiri ndi zofunika, ndiko kuti, Bashkirs, pali zambiri miyambo zovuta ndi wapadera mokondwerera chochitika kubadwa. Banja Bashkir maholide ndi mbiri yaitali ndi miyambo mosamala zinalembedwa. Ngakhale masiku ano anthu okhala mu mzinda pa tsiku la ukwati kapena kubadwa kwa kubwerera mwanayu ndi mizu yake ndi miyambo mobwerezabwereza ndi zaka za mbiri. Ukwati, kubadwa kwa mwana, maliro nthawi amalembedwa umachokera kuti ali, kupita 3-4 mibadwo ya banja. Aliyense holide, amagwirizana ndi mwa mphatso, amachitira, kutamanda milungu. Pakuti aliyense wa zochitika izi, pali zovala zapadera, ambiri nyimbo zapadera ndi okhwima ndondomeko ya zochita.