Ataxia - ndi chiyani ichi? Zizindikiro ndi mitundu ya ataxia

Ataxia - si limodzi ndi ziwalo dysmotility, amene ali mbali khalidwe la matenda mungoli ndi kugwirizana galimoto. Kumasulira kwa Greek mawu ataxia amatanthauza "chisokonezeko" ndi "phokoso".

Ndi kayendedwe matenda kukhala akanagwiritsa, womangika, zolakwika, kawirikawiri amadwala kuyenda, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kulankhula. Taganizirani zimene yonse ya ataxia kuima ndi zimene mikhalidwe yawo.

ataxia Friedreich a

Friedreich a ataxia - ndi chibadwa zimayambitsa matendawo ubongo, lomwe lili khalidwe pang'onopang'ono. Mawonetseredwe koyamba matenda kumaonekera mu zaka zochepa zoyambirira za moyo.

Choyamba, pali kuyan'anila za cholembedwa ndi gait. Ana Komabe, awulule kuphwanya cholembedwa ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti iye zisanathe kupangidwa. Pankhani gait, wodwalayo mu nkhani iyi ayenera kuthandiza, iye anali anatenga. magulu onse miyendo zambiri jerky kuposa mosalekeza.

Akufotokozera pa nthawi kulephera kuima (astasia) ndi kuyenda (Abaza). Komabe, yotsirizira kumasonyeza ankaikira mofulumira kupata maphunziro a matenda ndi magawo ake otsiriza.

kusintha ananena mu nsana, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa achinyamata, imene ndondomeko mapangidwe ake ndi sanamalize panobe. Patapita zaka zingapo wodwalayo chifukwa cha zolakwa mu ntchito ya kapamba kukhala shuga. Patapita kanthawi chifukwa kusintha osachiritsika mu gonads kumachitika hypogonadism. Mu masiteji yotsirizira ya ataxia akulowa chisokonezo zithunzi akuwuka chifukwa cha kusintha osachiritsika mu chamawonedwe ndi oculomotor misempha. Pamwamba pa izo, chifukwa kuwononga kuti manyuroni mu ubongo akufotokozera maganizo.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa cerebellum ndi

Cerebellar ataxia - matenda kugwirizana galimoto, kukhala ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa waukulu zimakhudza udindo izo, thupi - ubongo cerebellum. Nthawi zina anayamba kusintha zazing'ono, ndi zina - lalikulu ndi lolemera.

Kukula kwa ataxia amenewa amapezeka view tingoti zigawo zosiyana za cerebellum pathological ndondomeko. Nthawi zambiri cerebellar ataxia anapezeka ndi encephalitis, matenda cerebellar mtima, ofoola ziwalo, zilonda zotupa ubongo, poizoni, ndi matenda ena chiyambi chibadwa. Kuonetsetsa mitundu 2 ataxia cerebellar - malo amodzi ndi zazikulu.

Chikhalidwe malo amodzi a ataxia cerebellar

ataxia Cerebellar yafotokozedwera view malo amodzi a kuchepetsa minofu kamvekedwe. Wodwala mu ndondomeko Zimakhala zovuta kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala mu malo amodzi, monga mmene anali kuyan'anila zazing'ono mgwirizano galimoto. Man amasuntha njira yotakata kwambiri ndi yochititsa ngati ali mu mkhalidwe kuledzera. Zikavuta, wodwala matendawa sangathe kukhala ndi kuyima, chifukwa analibe mphamvu ngakhale kuti anayimitsa mutu wake, iye mowirikiza. Malo amodzi ataxia mu aakulu zimaphwanya luso mtima kukhalabe ndi bwino paokha. Dziwani kuti pa galimoto kugwirizana sikumangotikhudza zomwe ndi mtima ndi maso lotseguka kapena lotseka.

Chikhalidwe zazikulu za ataxia cerebellar

Amyotaxy anayamba ndi nkhani ya hemispheres cerebellar mu ndondomeko pathological. Ngati zosiyanasiyana matenda matenda kugwirizana ndi kokha pamene kayendedwe thupi. Anataya kayendedwe yosalala ndi yeniyeni, iwo kusesa ndi zosamveka. Discoordination ndi liwiro kayendedwe anaona kumbali akhudzidwa. Pakuti ataxia zazikulu amakhala hypermetric (kwambiri, otsutsana magalimoto) adiadohokinez, promahivanie ndi cholinga kugwedeza ndi mawu matenda (odwala kulankhula mochedwa ananyema mawu mu syllables).

Mu ataimirira kuyenda wodwala anapanduka mu lolingana kuonongeka mbali cerebellar Chigawo. Anasintha cholembedwa wodwalayo: kumakhaladi akhakula, molimba, zilembo zikuluzikulu. N'zotheka kuchepetsa bongo tendon.

ataxia imalandira

Izi ataxia - matenda kayendedwe, imene kusintha gait kumachitika chifukwa imfa ya kumverera mu miyendo, amene ndi zotsatira za misempha zotumphukira, medial kuzungulira, zipilala kumbuyo ndi mizu zapambuyo wa chingwe msana. Wodwala asaone udindo wa miyendo, ndipo limakhala vuto onse poyenda ndi pamene waima. Monga ulamuliro, iye anaima ndi miyendo amatangaza ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo akhoza kukhalabe olimba okha ndi maso lotseguka, koma ngati kutseka, ndiye munthu wayamba kuyendayenda ndipo nthawi zambiri kugwa (zabwino chizindikiro cha Romberg). Poyenda, odwala komanso straddle ndi kuwanyamulira iwo apamwamba kuposa zofunika, ndipo zinthu mopupuluma ndipo anatenga izo mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. mapazi awo ndi a amayesetsa osiyana, ndipo phazi kukhudza pansi, lalikirani kumawombera phokoso. The wodwala kuyenda bwinobwino amagwiritsa ndodo thandizo ndi anaŵerama ochepa m'chiuno mfundo torso. Gait chisokonezo kukulitsa zopindika zithunzi. odwala zambiri kutaya bata awo, kugwedezeka ndi kugwa amasamba nkhope yanu, monga anatseka maso ake, iwo anataya nthawi zithunzi kulamulira.

spinocerebellar ataxia

Mawu amenewa amanena za kuchuluka kwa matenda galimoto akuwuka makamaka chifukwa ischemic CNS choipa kapena perinatal hypoxia. Mwamphamvu asintha gait angakhale osiyana ndi zimadalira mwamphamvu ndi chikhalidwe cha chotupa cha. Choncho, kuwala akhoza kum'vulaza zochepa Babinski, kuchuluka tendon bongo, ndipo si limodzi ndi kusintha zikusintha gait. zotupa zambiri komanso kwambiri zambiri zikuphatikizapo hemiparesis amaganiza. Kusintha kumachitika ndi kiyi gait khalidwe paraparesis.

Oziziritsa ziwalo amapanga matenda gulu zikuphatikizapo kusintha gait. Odwala Choncho pali magulu musanaganizire a nthambi, amene anatsagana ndi grimaces pa nkhope kapena khosi kayendedwe kasinthasintha. Monga ulamuliro, miyendo anawonjezera ndi manja wopindidwa, koma ichi nthambi asymmetry mwina kumaonekera pokhapokha munthu mosamala wodwala. Mwachitsanzo, mkono umodzi umatha ndi pronated ndi supinated zina ndi flexed. The asymmetric malo a nthambi ndi zambiri kumachitika pamene kutembenuzira mutu wanu mu madera osiyana.

matenda a ataxia

Pakuti matenda pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira monga:

• Kujambula ubongo;
• ubongo electroencephalography;
• DNA diagnostics;
• electromyography.

Kuwonjezera iliyonse ya njira otchulidwa m'pofunika kutenga magazi, kuti ndiweruzidwe ndi akatswiri monga matenda okhudza ubongo, zamaganizo ndi maso.

ataxia chithandizo

Ataxia - matenda oopsa amene akufunika yake. Chithandizo amene amachititsa katswiri wa matenda okhudza ubongo, makamaka ndi symptomatic ndi zikuphatikizapo madera awa.

1. Zobwezeretsa mankhwala (anticholinesterases, "Cere" ATP, B mavitamini).
2. mankhwala thupi umalimbana kuteteza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavuto (manja ndi contractures akulu, mwachitsanzo) kuwongolera kuyenda ndi co-Kudzozedwa, kukhalabe olimba thupi.

Special masewero olimbitsa zovuta zolimbitsa zolimbitsa thupi mankhwala, cholinga chimene ndi kuchepetsa incoordination ndi kulimbikitsa minofu. Pamene kwakukulu mankhwala njira (opaleshoni cerebellar zotupa, mwachitsanzo) tingayembekezere ndi tsankho kapena wathunthu kuchira kapena kusiya kupitilira zina.

Mu ataxia Friedreich a, kutenga nkhani ya pathogenesis matendawa, kungathandize mankhwala yaikulu udindo umalimbana kupitiriza kwa mayitirokondiriyoni ntchito ( "Riboflavin", vitamini E, coenzyme Q10, asidi succinic).

Kuti madokotala ananena zawo za matendawa

Ulosi wa matenda otengera ndi akumane ndithu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, makamaka pamene m'posafunika, neuropsychiatric matenda patsogolo yekha. Anthu ndi matenda a "ataxia" zizindikiro zomwe ndi zaka kukhala yapadera kwambiri, monga ulamuliro, achepetsa kuchita.

Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala symptomatic, komanso kupewa kuledzera, kuvulala ndi matenda, odwala wokalamba.

kupewa

Kutenga njira zodzitetezera mwachindunji ataxia zosatheka. Choyamba, izo chofunika kuteteza zikamera zotheka ndi chitukuko cha aakulu nthenda (sinusitis, otitis, chibayo, mwachitsanzo) angathe n'zothandiza ataxia.

M'pofunika kupewa mabanja magazi. Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Mwina kufala kwa ataxia cholowa makolo mwana, ndi chifukwa odwala zambiri analangizidwa kuti asiye ndi kubadwa kwa ana awo ndi kuyamba mwana wina.

Ataxia - lalikulu ubongo chisokonezo chimene mukufuna kuyamba mankhwala mwamsanga. Ndicho chifukwa mwamsanga matenda akhala kuzindikiridwa bwino wodwalayo kuti zanyengo.