Ubongo cerebellum. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya cerebellum ndi

Cerebellum ( "ang'ono ubongo") ndi dongosolo limene liri pa gawo kumbuyo kwa ubongo pa tsinde la kotekisi occipital ndi Lobe mwakanthawi. Ngakhale cerebellum ndi pafupifupi 10% ya m'buku ubongo, muli oposa 50% ya chiwerengero cha manyuroni mkati mwake.

Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akukhulupirira cerebellum galimoto anthu dongosolo, chifukwa amatsogolera n'kuwononga impairments mgwirizano, muyezo wa thupi.

chithunzi pamwamba limasonyeza ubongo. cerebellum lasonyezedwa ndi muvi.

Apa pali chimene ubongo waung'ono gawo mtanda.

The cerebellum ndi ubongo amachita ntchito zotsatirazi.

Chingakuthandizeni ndi kaimidwe

The cerebellum n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tikhalebe olimba m'thupi la munthu. Amalandira kafukufuku wa maselo vestibular ndi proprioceptive, kenako modulates malamulo kuti manyuroni galimoto ngati kuwachenjeza za kusintha kwa thupi udindo kapena katundu kwambiri pa minofu. Anthu ndi cerebellum zowonongeka amadwala matenda bwino.

kugwirizana kayendedwe

kayendedwe thupi kwambiri zokhudza magulu osiyanasiyana a minofu kuti ndizigwira pamodzi. Iwo cerebellum ndi udindo woyang'anira kayendedwe mu thupi lathu.

kuphunzira galimoto

The cerebellum n'kofunika kuti maphunziro athu. Umagwira ntchito yotamandika kwambiri anatengera ndi kusintha mapulogalamu galimoto kupanga magulu yeniyeni kudzera njira kuyeserera kangapo (mwachitsanzo, kuphunzitsa mpira ndi masewera ena amene amafuna kayendedwe ka thupi).

njira chidziwitso (chidziwitso)

Ngakhale cerebellum ali kwambiri tikambirana mawu a zopereka zake kwa chipangizo zoyenda kulamulira, nawonso nawo ntchito zina chidziwitso, monga chinenero. Izi ntchito za cerebellum ubongo silinakwaniritsidwe kuphunzira bwino kuti iwo akhoza tiwuzeni zambiri.

Choncho, cerebellum ndi mbiri yakale ngati mbali imodzi ya chitetezo cha thupi, koma ntchito yake sikuthetsa kumeneko.

Kapangidwe ka cerebellum ndi

Amakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zolumikizana nyongolotsi (wapakatikati zone). mbali ziwirizi ndizodzazidwa ndi zinthu zoyera, TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo yokhudza kotekisi imvi kanthu (cerebellar kotekisi). Komanso mu nkhani woyera pamaso pa masango ang'onoang'ono a nkhani imvi - ngale. Pa nsonga ya mphutsi ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono - ndi tonsils cerebellar. Iwo nawo mu mgwirizano kayendedwe, kumatithandiza kukhalabe olimba. Tikupereka tione kapangidwe ka cerebellum lapansi.

The cerebellum lagawidwa m'madera ambiri ang'ono omwe ali dzina lakelake, koma m'nkhani iyankha yekha gawo lalikulu.

zimakwana chikusonyezera cerebellum. manambala imeneyi ikuimira Chigawo cerebellar ndi kupitirira:

1 - zapambuyo Lobe; 2 - ndi midbrain; 3 - pons; 4 - Klochkova-nodular gawo; 5 - posterolateral mng'alu; 6 - ndi zapambuyo Lobe.

Ziwerengero zizigwirizana:

1 - cerebellar vermis; 2 - ndi zapambuyo Lobe; 3 - Main mng'alu; 4 - dziko lapansi; 5 - posterolateral mng'alu; 6 - Klochkova-nodular gawo; 7 - ndi zapambuyo Lobe.

gawo la cerebellum ndi

Awiri ming'alu lalikulu akuthamanga mediolaterally, cerebellar kotekisi lagawidwa m'zigawo zitatu. Posterolateral fissure alekanitsa Klotchkov-nodular nusu ya ubongo wa thupi, ndi mng'alu waukulu ukugawa thupi oziziritsa mu zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo Lobe.

Brain Cerebellum sagittally anagawa m'madera atatu - ndi hemispheres awiri olekanitsidwa ndi chiyerekezo (mphutsi). Mbozi ndi malo wapakatikati pakati pa hemispheres awiri (Omveka morphological pakati pa dera wapakatikati ndipo palibe hemispheres lateral, cerebellum amygdala ndi pakati pa mphutsi ndi hemispheres).

mtima cerebellar

Onse cerebellum chizindikiro ubongo transmits ndi thandizo la zozama mtima cerebellar. Choncho, kuwonongeka kwa mtima cerebellar Njira yomweyo monga kuwonongeka okwana onse cerebellum lapansi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitima:

1. The mtima wa hema - kwambiri medially ili phata la cerebellum lapansi. Iwo amalandira chizindikiro kwa afferents (mitsempha zikhumbo) wa cerebellum ndi, vestibular chonyamulira, somatosensory, Makutu, ndi zambiri zithunzi. Isanafalikire makamaka pankhani woyera mphutsi ndi.
2. Kenako view cerebellar mtima monga mitundu iwiri chabe mitima - ozungulira ndi probkovidnye. Iwo kulandira chizindikiro kuchokera zone wapakatikati (mphutsi) ndi afferents cerebellum kuti kunyamula kumbuyo, somatosensory, Makutu, ndi zambiri zithunzi.
3. phata Dentate ndi waukulu kwambiri cerebellum ndi imakonzedwa kumbali ya mtundu m'mbuyomu. Iwo amalandira chizindikiro kwa hemispheres mbali ndi cerebellum afferents kuti timanyamula mauthenga ku kotekisi oziziritsa (a mtima ubongo kudzera mlatho).
4. mtima Vestibular kutsogoloko cerebellum, mu la medulla oblongata. iwo saali mosamalitsa mtima wa cerebellum, koma amaonedwa kukhala zimagwirira ntchito lofanana mtima izi, chifukwa nyumba zawo ndi zofanana. mtima Vestibular kulandira chizindikiro ku nodular Klotchkov-kachigawo ndi ku kukhotakhota vestibular.

Kuwonjezera zizindikiro, ndi mitima yonse ndipo ziwalo zonse za cerebellum amalandira chapadera patsogolo alipo wa maolivi otsika wa medulla oblongata.

Nenani kuti anatomic malo cerebellar mtima zizigwirizana m'madera a kotekisi, amene alandira chizindikiro. Choncho, pachimake pakati oyenerera Shart nyemba kuwapeza mbozi ili pakati; probkovidnye mbali ndi mtima ozungulira kudziŵa ku mbali ya zone wapakatikati (mbozi yomweyo); ndi pachimake kwambiri zida mbali alandira chizindikiro imodzi kapena Chigawo zina cerebellum lapansi.

Miyendo ya cerebellum ndi

Information kwa mtima ndi mtima wa cerebellum ndi imafalikira kudzera miyendo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira - afferent ndi efferent (kupita cerebellum ndiponso, motero).

1. M'munsi cerebellar mwendo (wochedwanso chingwe thupi) limapangidwa makamaka ulusi afferent ku medulla oblongata, ndi efferents vestibular mtima.
2. Avereji cerebellar mwendo (kapena phewa mlatho) makamaka limapangidwa afferents ku mtima wa pons lapansi.
3. Akunja cerebellar phazi (kapena lumikiza phewa) makamaka limapangidwa ulusi efferent ku mtima cerebellar ndi ena ulusi afferent ku kapepala spinocerebellar.

Choncho, mfundo cerebellum ndi opatsirana makamaka kudzera m'munsi ndi cerebellar pakati peduncle, ndi cerebellum wa opatsirana poyambilira kudzera chapamwamba mwendo cerebellar.

Pali amaoneka mwatsatanetsatane mbali ya cerebellum lapansi. Chithunzi analanda ngakhale kapangidwe ka ubongo, yeniyeni, kapangidwe ka midbrain lapansi. manambala:

1 - hema phata; 2 - ndipo probkovidnye ozungulira pachimake; 3 - dentate phata; 4 - grubokie cerebellar mtima; 5 - ndi colliculus kuposa midbrain; 6 - m'munsi bigeminum; 7 - chapamwamba kupalasa ubongo; 8 - chapamwamba mwendo cerebellar; 9 - pakati cerebellar peduncle; 10 - otsika cerebellar mwendo; 11 - tubercle woonda pachimake; 12 - chotchinga; 13 - pansi pa ventricle chachinayi.

Cerebellar mayunitsi zinchito

mayunitsi anatomical tafotokozazi, amayenderana ndi atatu mayunitsi lalikulu zinchito za cerebellum lapansi.

Arhitserebellum (vestibulotserebellum). gawo Izi zikuphatikizapo gawo Klochkova-nodular ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi lateral mtima vestibular. The phylogeny vestibulotserebellum ndi mbali wamkulu wa cerebellum lapansi.

Paleotserebellum (spinotserebellum). Pamafunikanso ndi zone wapakatikati wa kotekisi cerebellar ndi phata la hema, ndipo probkovidnye ozungulira pachimake. Kodi tingamvetse ku dzina, amalandira chizindikiro tikambirane thirakiti spinocerebellar. Iye nawo mu kuphatikiza mudziwe kwenikweni malamulo galimoto, kupanga anatengera kugwirizana galimoto.

Neotserebellum (pontotserebellum). Neotserebellum ndi yaikulu zinchito gawo chikukhudza lateral cerebellar Chigawo ndi dentate phata. Dzinali amachokera yogwirizana yaikulu ndi kotekisi oziziritsa kudzera mtima mlatho (afferents) ndi ventrolateral thalamus (efferents). Iye wakhala nawo mapulani a ulendo. Komanso, gawo ili nawo ntchito chidziwitso cha ubongo cerebellum.

Histology wa kotekisi cerebellar

Makungwa a cerebellum ndi lagawidwa zigawo zitatu. The M'kati, granular, zopangidwa 5 × 1010 yaing'ono, maselo mwamphamvu chikugwirizana mu mawonekedwe a granules. Wosanjikiza pakati, Purkinje khungu wosanjikiza nakhala mmodzi wa nambala lalikulu maselo. Wosanjikiza akunja, ndi maselo zopangidwa axons ndi dendrites maselo granule maselo Purkinje ndi zina zingapo selo. Purkinje khungu wosanjikiza umapanga malire pakati pa granular ndi zigawo maselo.

Granule maselo. laling'ono kwambiri, kuli ankanyamula manyuroni. Cerebellar maselo granule chifukwa cha oposa theka la manyuroni mu ubongo. Maselo amenewa amalandira mauthenga ochokera ulusi mossy ndi kuwonetsera kwa maselo Purkinje.

Purkinje maselo. Iwo ali mmodzi mitundu wotchuka kwambiri maselo ubongo wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Iwo apanga lalikulu zimakupiza dendrites finely nthambi njira. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pafupifupi azithunzi omwe tikunena dendritic mtengo. Komanso, maselo onse Purkinje ndi zochokera mu kufanana. chipangizo Izi zili tiganizira zofunika zinchito.

Mitundu ina ya maselo. Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu (granular ndi maselo Purkinje) cerebellar kotekisi mulinso mitundu interneurons osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo Golgi selo korzinchatuyu ndi maselo stellate.

ma siginalo

Mu kotekisi cerebellar ndi osavuta, stereotyped chitsanzo chizindikiro kufala maluso omwe ali yemweyo mu cerebellum lonse. mudziwe malowedwe kuti cerebellum akhoza ikuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Mossy CHIKWANGWANI opangidwa mu mtima mlatho, chingwe msana, brainstem ndi mtima vestibular, iwo popereka chizindikiro mtima cerebellar ndi maselo granular mu kotekisi cerebellar. Iwo amatchedwa ulusi mossy chifukwa maonekedwe a "tufted" mu chokhala ndi maselo granular. Aliyense CHIKWANGWANI mossy innervates mazana maselo granulosa. maselo Granular kutumiza axons m'mwamba kwa pamwamba khungwa. Aliyense axon nthambi wosanjikiza ndi maselo potumiza chizindikiro mu madera osiyana. zizindikiro ndi pa ulusi, ndipo amatchedwa kufanana chifukwa iwo amathamanga kufanana kwa pleats wa kotekisi cerebellar, m'njira kupanga synapses ndi maselo Purkinje. Aliyense CHIKWANGWANI kufanana afika pokhudzana ndi mazana a maselo Purkinje.
2. LAZ ulusi opangidwa mwapadera mu maolivi otsika ndi kufalitsa nyemba cerebellar mtima ndi maselo Purkinje mu kotekisi cerebellar. Iwo amatchedwa kukwera chifukwa cha kuwuka kwa axon ndi kukulunga padziko dendrites maselo Purkinje - ngati kukwera mpesa. Mukachipinda Purkinje amalandira chabe mopupuluma amphamvu kwambiri kukwera kwa CHIKWANGWANI limodzi. Mosiyana ndi ulusi mossy ndi ulusi yomweyi, aliyense CHIKWANGWANI amalankhulira ndi manway 10 Purkinje maselo pakati, kupanga synapses pafupifupi 300 mukachipinda.

Purkinje selo ndiyekhayo ya kusintha zambiri pa kotekisi cerebellar (onani kusiyana pakati pa maselo Purkinje, zomwe zimafalitsa chizindikiro kwa kotekisi wa cerebellum ndi cerebellar mtima, omwe akutipatsa zinthu zonse kwa cerebellum a).

Tsopano muli ndi chithunzithunzi cha mmene ubongo cerebellum. Ntchito yake mu thupi alidi ofunika kwambiri. Mwina aliyense yokha anali mu mkhalidwe kuledzera? Choncho, mowa ndi amphamvu zotsatira zokwanira pa maselo Purkinje, nchifukwa chake zoona, munthu wotaya bwino ndipo sitingathe kupita zambiri pa kuledzera mowa.

Ngakhale pamenepa tinganene kuti cerebellum lalikulu (omwe ali pafupifupi 10% ya misa okwana ubongo) akukwaniritsa mbali yaikulu ya thupi.