Anathema - ndi chiyani ichi?

Anathema - achotsa ndi Mkristu wa ku masakalamenti ndi asanakumane ndi okhulupirika. Anamugwiritsa ntchito monga chilango cha machimo makamaka manda patsogolo pa Mpingo.

akuti

Amachokera ku mawu achigiriki αναθεμα, zimatanthauza chinachake odzipereka kwa Mulungu, nsembe ku kachisi, mphatso. Mu Baibulo lachigiriki la Baibulo wakhala ntchito kusonyeza achiheberi (herem) - chinachake kwambiri anthu wakunja ndi okha. Zinali mchikakamizo cha mawu achiheberi a mawu "anathema" yotengedwa ndi tanthauzo zoipa ndipo kutengedwa monga chinthu kuti anthu anakanidwa, watsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, choncho wotembereredwa.

zomwenso

Kufunika anathema ndi lagamula ake - mmodzi wa mavuto ambiri a mpingo. Mu mbiri yonse ya mpingo ntchito kapena osakhala ntchito Chilango ichi malinga ndi chingwe cha zochitika zinazake, wamkulu amene anali ngozi yaikulu lomwe ndi wochimwa aliyense m'dera mpingo.

Mu Middle Ages ndi mu East ndi West, anatsimikizira maganizo analowa St. Augustine, kuti Ubatizo sikuti kwathunthu kukusalani munthu Mpingo, choncho ngakhale anathema sangathe kwathunthu kutseka njira ya chipulumutso. Komabe, chilango chotero m'nyengo ya oyambirira Ages Middle mu West chinaoneka monga "nthano za chionongeko chamuyaya." Komabe, ntchito kokha kwa machimo wachivundi , ndi kokha pamene panali khama mtheradi Kusokera, ndipo panalibe samatha kukonza.

Orthodoxy limanena kuti anathema - achotsa analengeza izi conciliar munthu (kapena gulu), zochita ndi malingaliro omwe anali kuopseza umodzi wa mpingo ndi chiyero cha chiphunzitso. mwachita kudzipatula onyamula maphunziro, dokotala ntchito poyerekezera anathematized ndi kuchenjeza anthu ammudzi wokhulupirira. Ntchito chilango chimenechi pokhapokha anayesera njira zambiri amamupeza kuyitana wochimwa kukulapa ndi anatipatsa chiyembekezo kwa kulapa m'tsogolo ndipo monga Motero, kubwerera anthu ku chifuwa cha Mpingo m'tsogolo, choncho chipulumutso chake.

Chikatolika akadali amaona kuti kupereka anathema - temberero ndiyeno nkumakana chiyembekezo kupulumutsidwa. Chifukwa maganizo kwa anathema dziko lino. Anathema - temberero, monga mwa Chikatolika - chilango kwa akufa. Ndipo Orthodoxy ayang'ana pa izo monga umboni wa achotsa anthu ku Mpingo, choncho, munthu akhoza pansi pa nthawi iliyonse.

Kulalikidwa kwa anathema

Act chimene iye akanakhoza kumvetsa Chilango ichi chinali chakuti khalidwe la mulandu akuluakulu chilango kapena motsimikiza, chifukwa Anathema munthu pansi schismatics, aphunzitsi onama, heresiarchs. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa ichi mtundu wa chilango agwiritsa ntchito mu nthawi zina kwambiri pamene palibe ndalama lililonse limatisokoneza ochimwa ake ziribe mphamvu.

Poyamba kutchulidwa anathema "John Doe msiyeni iye akhale wotembereredwa," kutanthauza kwenikweni "msiyeni iye akhale wotembereredwa." Ndi mawu zasintha pa nthawi. Makamaka, mawu akuti "anathema" - iyi si nkhani ya achotsa, koma kuchita kuyamwa yokha ( "John Doe, anathema"). Mwina chifukwa mawu amenewa "anathematize (icho) ndi John Doe (a) mpatuko wake."

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chilango izo angaike bungwe Executive kapena sinodi ya mabishopu ndi mbadwa kumutu, ndi zinthu makamaka kovuta - Zazipembedzo Council. Ngati aliyense wa mabishopu, anaganiza funso ili mokha, anapangidwa monga njira akadali katolika.

Pamene akuponya anathemas atamwalira moyo wa womwalirayo analetsedwa kukumbukira, kukachititsa mwambo, mwambo wa maliro, kunena pemphero.

kuchotsa anathema

Imposition chilango izi sizitanthauza kuti njira kubwerera kwa Mpingo ndi, monga Motero, chipulumutso wakhala analamula. Kuchotsa ichi wapamwamba kachipembedzo chilango ayenera kuchita zovuta malamulo: kulapa kwa wochimwa mu kukhazikika. Pankhani ya chifukwa chokwanira (chidzalo ndi kudzipereka chisoni, kusowa anaopsezedwa wochimwa kuti otsalira a Mpingo, ndipo motsatirana ku chakudya cha chilango) ulamuliro kutonga, kutenga lingaliro pa chikhululukiro cha anathematized. Anathema angachotsedwe atamwalira. Pamenepo analekerera mtundu uliwonse wa chikumbutso cha akufa.