American injiniya ndi zatsopano Robert Fulton: yonena, atulukira ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Robert Fulton - mmodzi wa mayina chidwi kwambiri a masiku ano. Anamuona zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, chipani cha nkhondo, zatsopano ndi wasayansi. Zimakhala mndandanda wa makhalidwe apadera a munthu uyu, koma zingakhale bwino kuti akonze zotsatira za kumanzere kuti kwa mbadwa Robert Fulton?

yonena

Ubwana ndi unyamata wa inventor tsogolo zinachitika mu America. Tsiku lobadwa - 1765. Malo obadwira - tauni ya Little Britain. Bambo Robert anamwalira mnyamata zaka zitatu. Robert ndi banja lake kuti asamukire pafupi kwa amake - m'tauni yaing'ono ya Lancaster. Kumeneko, Robert Fulton sukulu.

Maphunziro a nthawi imeneyo sanali wolakalakika. Ana anapatsidwa kuloweza zidutswa yaitali ntchito Greek ndi Roman, limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo wa maiko akutali European - n'chosiyana tsogolo la anayambitsa chidwi pang'ono. Kodi n'zosavuta kuti ataye nthawi wokalamba wosula shopu m'mphepete mwa mzinda, rummaging mwa zida mmisiri kusonkhanitsa zokongoletsera. Kale pa usinkhu wa satini anapanga woyamba zojambula wake luso, ndipo kenako zina zachidule wake kulankhula mopeputsa yoyamba nthunzi zoyendetsedwa bwato.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Robert Fulton amayesa yekha ntchito zodzikongoletsera. Ndiye iye anayesera kuti akhale draftsman. Pozindikira kuti sakhala ndi nzeru, anaganiza pa ulendo wautali kupita ku England - likulu la zaluso sayansi. Ndi apa kuti onse anausankha Robert Fulton, izo wayamba kutenga mawonekedwe weniweni - maloto kuwasandutsa zenizeni.

Khalani mu England

Robert Fulton ankakhala Benjamin West - mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi otchuka kwambiri nthawi. Sanandisiya loto lake kuti nyanja ngalawa ndi injini wachibadidwe watsopano - palibe nkhafi ndi mphepo. Pomaliza, ntchito lisanalengedwe. The chojambula loyamba la chombo lapelekedwa kwa boma la England mu 1793.

Mu 1797 anasamukira ku Paris, komwe anapitiriza ntchito pa Kutulukira ake amene anali zimalimbikitsa dzina lake - Robert Fulton. Wambiri ya zatsopano za amanena zimalimbikitsa nthawi ya moyo wake. Mu Paris, Fulton kuphunzira German ndipo French, adzasintha nzeru zawo zimapangidwira, zomangamanga ndi masamu. Apa iye anakomana ndi Dzheymsom Ramzi English zatsopano amene 1786 anamanga zinachitika wa steamboat yoyamba West Virginia.

Kukana ukutsegulira

Modzidzimutsa Franklin, ndipo anapeza wake ankaona akufunira, achabechabe chidole. Admiralty wakhala anasonyeza kuti sinditi aganyali mu ngalawa odziŵika sanali sakupezeka. Pokhumudwa Robert Fulton ndi ntchito zawo muti France komwe iye wamwalira kale pansi zisinthe, Napoleon anayamba kulamulira 1. Mwina France adzafunika kwa ntchito yatsopano?

Robert Fulton ndi Napoleon

The zolemba za Werengerani Mirabeau, pali akutchula za msonkhano wa ku America ndi Napoleon. Robert Fulton, woyambitsa wa ngalawa, anapempha Mfumu ya France kubwezeretsanso zombo ndi zombo watsopano, womwe anayambika mwa nthunzi. Iye anauza mfumu kuti ndi makina amenewa nkhondo Napoleon 1 msanga chililaka mdani wakeyo osatha - France.

Atakamba inventor ndi, Napoleon ananena kuti:

- Tsiku lililonse, ndinaika pa tebulo ntchito mantha ndi kuyambitsa zambiri opusa kuti n'zosatheka. Monga dzulo, Ndinapeza dziko ya ku England apakavalo, pansi pa anamgumiwa dzanja. Chokani - ndinu mwina mmodzi wa anthu openga!

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kenaka sitima English "Bellerophon" Napoleon ziweto kukhala malo a ukapolo wake woyamba - pachilumba cha St. Helena .. Mu nyanja chombo anakumana ndi English Sitima "Fulton" choyenda mothandizidwa ndi injini nthunzi.

Sitima anamupeza "Bellerophon" n'kuthawa pa kaja. Kuona sitima American, Napoleon ananenapo mwachisoni:

- Osati kumvetsera Fulton, Ndataya korona wanga.

Zombo loyamba

Padakali pano, Fulton akuyembekezera othandizira pa ntchito yomanga zombo woyamba ndi injini nthunzi, m'chaka cha 1800 sitima zankhondo zam'madzi "Nautilus" kugonjetsa m'maganizo kuonelela wasonyeza mu France. Koma zolinga usilikali "Nautilus" panalibe zabwino, inali yowawa kwambiri, ndi kudya, chilikupita mosavuta Dodge mdani sitima zapamadzi. yomanga Komanso la zombo anali inaimitsidwa, ndi mtengo wa sitima zankhondo anali oveteredwa kokha zaka handiredi kenako - pa First World nkhondo. Mwina anauziridwa ndi sitima imeneyi kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo Verne kulemba wosafa wake "Captain Nemo". Mu 1803, madzi a khoka crisscrossing ndi Sitima choyamba. Koma zikuluzikulu kupanga akadali si nthawi yokwanira ndiponso ndalama. Ndipo Robert Fulton anaganiza zobwerera ku America.

nyanja Kugonjetsedwa

Mu America, Robert Fulton, zaka zingapo ntchito pa kusintha kwa gudumu Motors mfundo za ntchito nthunzi zoyendetsedwa. Patatha zaka zitatu, atabwerera kwawo mu chilimwe cha 1807 ndi steamboat woyamba unayambitsidwa pa madzi a Hudson. m'nthawi yake anamutcha iye "ndi Sitima kumpoto Mitsinje ya Claremont," koma mabuku a mbiri yakale, iye akudziwika ngati "Claremont". Ndipotu, Claremont - dzina la malo ena Fulton, yomwe inali mu makilomita 177 kuchokera ku New York. The ndege yoyamba, "North Mtsinje" udakhala pa Hudson, kuchokera "Clermont-New York." Kukhulupirira lingathe zachuma anatulukira wake, Fulton setifiketi anapeza wake ndi wasintha amasulidwe zombo mu United States.

Steamboats ku Russia

Mu 1813 Fulton anapempha boma la Russia kuti apereke ufulu yekha kumangira sitima mtsinje pa dera la Russian Ufumu. Mfumu Alexander 1 adampatsa ufulu zonse zofunikira, koma kudzapereka dongosolo la boma la Fulton ndipo sadathe. Kwa zaka zitatu sitima sichinayambe anapezerapo. Atamwalira inventor ndi okhawo mu 1815 kumangira zombo anagula Charles Byrd, amene m'chaka chomwecho anapezerapo sitima yoyamba nthunzi amphamvu ake. la lipoti la mwambo inafalitsidwa mu "Mwana wa Dziko Lathu" magazini. Palinso anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "ngalawa" lomwe kenako kukhala gawo la chinenero chamakono Russian.