Amene ali Pamirs, kumene moyo, chikhalidwe, miyambo

Pambuyo pa achire wa asilikali US ku Afghanistan pa TV chawonjezeka chidwi kwa Pamirs. Ambiri amaopa kusokoneza zinthu m'chigawo, ngakhale olekanitsidwa dziko lakunja. "Denga la World" ndi malo apadera, kuyambira pafupifupi onse okhala zamakolo za anthu a m'dera a Ismailis.

Anthu ambiri molakwika kusokoneza anthu am'deralo ndi Tajiks ndi mitundu ina. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza amene Pamirs, ndi chifukwa iwo amaonedwa kukhala osiyana mitundu gulu.

mwachidule

Popeza Pamirs moyo m'dera lamapiri, amene anagawa pakati limati anayi, nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti mitundu ina. osiyanasiyana m'mbiri (Badakhshan) lili m'dera la Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, ndi China. Nthawi zambiri, fuko ili molakwika kusokonezedwa ndi Tajiks. ndi Pamirs ndi ndani?

Amatanthauza deta ya anthu aku Iran amene amalankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana kum'mawa aku Iran gulu. Ambiri Pamirians Asilamu. Yerekezani, ndi Tajiks Mwachitsanzo, kulankhula zapadnoiranskom chilankhulo ndipo ambiri ake amati Sunni Islam.

malo okhala

Pamirians anakakhala pa dera la kumadzulo, kummwera, Pamirs kum'mawa. Kum'mwera kwa mapiri kuphatikiza ndi Hindu Kusaya n'kumuika. Derali lili m'chigwa yopapatiza, yomwe pamalo okwera mamita zikwi ziwiri kapena zambiri pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyengo m'dera lino amakhala ndi ukulu wake. Valley atazungulira otsetsereka Mitandadza mpaka mamita zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri pamwamba pa nyanja. Iwo anaphimba ndi chisanu wosatha. Osati kanthu monga dzina la malowa (malo okhala Pamirians) ntchito mawu akuti "denga la World."

Anthu okhala mu Pamirs ndi chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ofanana. Komabe ofufuza adakhoza kutsimikizira (kuphunzira chinenero) kuti anthu awa a wakale kum'mawa madera angapo aku Iran, amene anafika Pamirs payokha Chrixitu. Kodi mafuko a Pamirs zigwirizana?

The zosiyanasiyana mitundu

Pamiris zidzasankhidwa pakati pawo pamaziko a chinenero. Pali nthambi zikuluzikulu ziwiri - ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mwera Pamirs. Gulu lirilonse tichipeza mayiko osiyanasiyana, ena mwa iwo ankalankhula zilankhulo ofanana.

Kwa parmirtsam kumpoto monga:

• shugnantsy - ŵa mtundu gulu oposa zikwi zana anthu, amene pafupi twente-faifi zikwi amakhala m'dera la Afghanistan;
• rushantsy - amuna zikwi makumi atatu;
• yazgulyamtsy - kuyambira eyiti anthu zikwi khumi;
• Tajiks wa Xinjiang - kamodzi gawo umodzi gulu Shugnan-rushantsev, amene anali yekhayekha ndiponso anthu ake ukufika anthu twente-faifi sauzande.

Kwa Pamirians kum'mwera monga:

• ishkashimtsy - za imodzi ndi theka anthu zikwi;
• sanglichtsy - chiwerengero si anthu oposa zana ndi makumi asanu;
• Wakhi anthu - chiwerengero mpaka makumi zikwi;
• mundzhantsy - zikwi zinayi anthu.

Komanso, pali mabanja ndi mitundu yoyandikana nayo, imene ali pafupi kwambiri Pamirians. Ena mwa iwo kenako anayamba ntchito Pamir zinenero wamba.

chilankhulo

zinenero Pamir achuluka kwambiri. Koma kuchuluka awo okha kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbiri yakale, kuti kwa nthawi yaitali anali ndi chikoka chachikulu Persian (Chitajiki).

Kwa anthu a chinenero Pamir Persian kale ntchito chipembedzo, mabuku ndi folklore. Iyenso ndi chida mosalekeza kulankhulana lonse.

zinkalankhulidwa Pamir pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa chinenero Chitajiki. Ena anthu phiri onse a iwo kawirikawiri ntchito ngakhale panyumba. Mwachitsanzo, mu GBAO (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast) m'chinenero cha boma ndi Chitajiki. Kuti akuphunzitsidwa sukulu. Akulankhula za Afghanstan Pamirians, masukulu m'madera awo pali pang'ono, kotero anthu mu okwana osaphunzira.

Kupulumuka zinenero Pamir:

• yazgulyamsky;
• Shugnan;
• Rushan;
• hufsky;
• Bartang;
• Sarykol;
• Ishkashimsky;
• Wakhan;
• mundzhansky;
• Yidgha Language.

Onsewo ali m'gulu la kum'mawa aku Iran malongero onsene. Kuwonjezera pa Pamirs, oimira magulu kum'mawa aku Iran mitundu Asikuti, amene anakhalapo nthawi m'chigawo cha kumpoto Black Sea ndi anasiya manda mbiri mu mawonekedwe a n'chodabwitsa.

chipembedzo

Popeza kuti mapeto a Zakachikwi woyamba mafuko BC Pamir anasonkhezeredwa ndi Chizorowasita ndi Chibuda. Islam anayamba kudutsa ndi kunafalikira mwa misa kuyambira m'zaka khumi. Mawu oyamba a chipembedzo chatsopano imayendera ntchito ya Nasir Khosrow. Iye anali wotchuka Persian ndakatulo, anathawa Aiwo wake kwa Pamirs.

Ismailis anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa moyo wauzimu wa anthu a Pamirs. Malinga ndi chinthu achipembedzo si yovuta kumvetsa zimene Pamiri (zimene mtundu, ife tayang'ananso pamwamba). Choyamba, anthu a anthu awa Ismaili (Shia nthambi ya Islam, amene anakumana chikoka cha Chihindu ndi Chibuda). Kodi azimuth izi mu Islam isiyana ndi zikhulupiriro za makolo?

Kusiyana chachikulu ndi:

• Pamirians kupemphera kawiri patsiku;
• okhulupirira kusala mu Ramadani;
• akazi sizinathe ndipo samavala chophimba;
• amuna amalola kumwa mowa wamphamvu kwa mtengo mabulosi.

Chifukwa cha ichi, Asilamu ambiri sakuzindikira Pamirians okhulupirika.

miyambo banja

Poyerekezera ndi mabanja ndi ukwati kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa zimene Pamiri. Kodi mtundu wa anthu ndi miyambo iti ake, akhoza kukuwuzani banja. Baibulo wamkulu wa banja kumadalira pa mfundo ubale wa banjalo. Mabanja ambiri anali aakulu. Mwa iwo ankapita ndi akulu onse anamvera. Izo sizinali mpaka zikamera ubale chofunika ndalama. Banja anakhala monogamous, kukhalabe miyambo banjalo.

Izo sizinali mpaka pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Islam. Chipembedzo zatsopano mtchatho chapamwamba mwa mwamuna pa mkazi. Malinga ndi malamulo Sharia munthu anali ndi ufulu ubwino milandu ndipo ambiri, mwachitsanzo mu nkhani ya cholowa. Mwamuna ali woyenera kusudzulana. M'madera lamapiri, kumene akazi kukhala wochitachita mu ntchito ya zaulimi, malo awo anali mfulu.

Mu ena m'mayiko lamapiri mabanja consanguineous amalandiridwa. Nthawi zambiri ndi analimbikitsa ndi zifukwa zachuma.

zofunika

Kuti timvetse amene Pamirs, ayenera kumvetsa bwino moyo wawo. Ntchito yaikulu akhala ndi ulimi ya m'mapiri mtundu, amene pamodzi ndi ulimi nyama. Monga ziweto iwo ayipanga ng'ombe, mbuzi, nkhosa, ndi abulu ndi akavalo. Scott yochepa, si wabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama anali m'midzi, ndipo m'chilimwe kuti ziweto.

Miyambo kunyumba zamanja Pamirs koposa zonse, zikuphatikizapo processing wa nkhosa ndi kuvala nsalu. Akazi ankachita ubweya ndi thonje kupangidwa ndi anthu ankaluka wodziwika mu dziko la milozo makalapeti mulu.

Anayamba kupanga nsomba processing nyanga, mbuzi makamaka zakutchire. Awa, zisa kupangidwa amangomvera kwa mipeni.

Tsankho zakudya

Kuphunzira za chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo, n'zotheka kumvetsa amene Pamirs. Kuti azitha kudziwa zimenezi zingakhale, ankaona chakudya mwambo wa oimira anthu awa. Kudziwa makalasi chikhalidwe, n'zosavuta ndikuganiza kuti zakudya Pamirians nyama yochepa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe malo msipu ng'ombe, kotero amayamikira izo mkaka ndi ubweya.

The chakudya chachikulu anafotokoza ufa wa tirigu ndi mu mawonekedwe a dzinthu ya mnofu. Ufa kupanga Zakudyazi, makeke, dumplings. Komanso phiri anthu kudya zipatso, mtedza, nyemba, masamba. Kuyambira mkaka wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi tchizi, tiyi mkaka, wowawasa mkaka. Olemera Pamirians kumwa tiyi mkaka, kuwonjezera kogwirira kozungulira a mafuta.