Amazon - waukulu mtsinje dongosolo la dziko. Ntchito zachuma ya Amazon Mtsinje

Amazon ndi umodzi wa mitsinje yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtsinje ake beseni - mmodzi wa ambiri adatayidwira mu dziko. Mu Amazon akali malo phazi konse analowa kamodzi. M'nkhani ino mudzapeza mwachidule malongosoledwe a mtsinje Amazon, komanso kuphunzira za ndondomeko zikuluzikulu za chitukuko zachuma.

Amazon Mtsinje: kufotokoza khalidwe (lalifupi)

The chidwi kwambiri zachilengedwe malo a South America, kumene, ndi Amazon mtsinje. The kusambira dziwe dera waterway lalikulu la dziko - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 7.2 km ^2. Kudera limeneli, zonse otchedwa "mawanga woyera", lotchedwa mu liwu limodzi - Amazonia. Kumene, komanso choyenerera, Amazon mu 2011, ine ndiri mndandanda wa zinthu zodabwitsa zachilengedwe asanu la dziko lathuli.

Amazon m'dera lagawidwa pakati pa mayiko eyiti: Brazil (65%), Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana ndi Venezuela. Amazon dongosolo mtsinje lili M'madera a zitunda yamphamvu ndi subequatorial, ndi mtsinje yokha umayenda kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa, amene imaphwera ku nyanja ya Atlantic, n'kupanga ankadziwana lalikulu. Kukula kwa ankadziwana ndi zokhala ndi kukula ndi dziko European, Bulgaria!

Amazon mtsinje dongosolo kuyamika mvula wochuluka bwino kwambiri anayamba. Pa njira zake mtsinje amalandira makhwawa ambiri, yaikulu imene ali juruá mtsinje, Madeira, Topazhos, Tokantis, Isa ndi Rio Negro.

The lonse dongosolo mtsinje angathe kuyeza ndi zizindikiro monga madzi a mvula pafupifupi. Pakuti Amazon ndi zoposa 7000 Km ³ madzi (amene ali pafupifupi wofanana ndi 15% wa otaya mtsinje wa dziko).

Amazon ndi yodutsira makilomita 4.300 kumtunda. Madoko chachikulu pa mtsinje - izo Santarem, Obidus, Iquitos, Manaus.

Modabwitsa anapeza asayansi anakwanitsa kuchita mu 2011. mfundo ndi yakuti mu Amazon akuthamanga padziko lonse lapansi mobisa mtsinje, makilomita anayi yaitali. Iye wotchedwa Hamza, ndi Indian ndi dzina la wasayansi amene anatulukira chozizwitsa mtsinje.

Ambiri mwa Amazon m'nkhalango ali wotanganidwa. Izi ndi wapadera zachilengedwe topezeka, wopangidwa mwa rainforest yonyowa. Chifukwa nkhalango amakhala ndi chinyezi kwambiri, mkulu zomera zosiyanasiyana, madambo mkulu ndi wowawasa, dothi osauka kwambiri. Ndi madera amenewa ndi utuluke South America Amazon mtsinje.

The ntchito chuma mtsinje - ndichiyani lero? Ndipo Amazon katswiri munthu m'mbiri? Tikambirana zina.

Amazon: ntchito chuma mtsinje

Amazon limatchedwa "mapapo wobiriwira" dziko lapansi. Kodi chitukuko cha dera ndi zimene msinkhu ndi ntchito zachuma ya Amazon lero?

Zoyesayesa woyamba kukhala dera anayamba Brazil. Ambiri, pali atatu magawo chachikulu cha mbiriyakale kuti amalembedwa ntchito zachuma ya Amazon mtsinje.

Chinthu choyamba angatchedwe "mphira". Linayamba mochedwa XIX m'ma ndipo zinatha mpaka 20-ntchentche za XX atumwi, pamene "mphira Boom" pa Africa unapita mu kuchepa. Ngakhale mphira molimba nayo udindo wachiwiri kapangidwe ka wolowa Brazil (ndipo khofi).

Gawo lachiwiri la chitukuko ya Amazon inayamba mu 60s zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi sikelo osiyana komanso mwadongosolo. Ntchito zachuma ya Amazon pa nthawi ino kwathunthu malamulo ndi boma, ndipo ngakhale ntchitoyi yokha nalo dzina lake "Opaleshoni Amazon". Amaphatikiza mwatsatanetsatane citukuko ca ulimi wa dera, zomangamanga zoyendera ndi chifukwa, ndi kulamulira misa ya gawo.

Mbali yachitatu ya chitukuko ya Amazon kumayambira 80s zaka mazana makumi awiri. Iwo angatchedwe "mchere gwero". Nthawi imeneyi mu beseni lotseguka quarries ndi mafakitale kwa processing a zipangizo, iwo amayamba kukhala minda mafuta.

mavuto Environmental ya Amazon

Ntchito zachuma ya Amazon sanathe koma zikuphatikizapo zinthu zina zachilengedwe. The ofunika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi zotsatirazi:

• kudzitsitsa ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
• kusalankhula kudula mitengo ;
• chiwonongeko cha mitundu kawirikawiri ndi zayamba nyama ndi zomera za nkhalango Brazil;
• nthaka ndi kuipitsa madzi ndi zitsulo, etc.

Lang'anani, mavuto onsewa n'zogwirizana ndi amafuna munthu njira Integrated njira zawo.

pomaliza

Amazon mtsinje dongosolo ali oposa 7 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu dera pokhala mtsinje waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Ntchito zachuma ya Amazon lero si choncho kwambiri, koma ngakhale ngati zonyozeka kukopa anthu amakwiya angapo kukanikiza mavuto a zachilengedwe.