Akupanga makulidwe: zikugwira ntchito mfundo malangizo, mafakitale, ndemanga

Akupanga makulidwe muyeso ndi sanali zowononga njira kudziwa m'lifupi nkhani mmodzi ndiye amaganiza. Ndi kusala kudya, wodalirika mosalekeza, ndi, motsutsana ndi micrometer kapena caliper, sikutanthauza mwayi kwa mbali zonse za chinthu. The masensa woyamba malonda, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za sonar, anaonekera mu 1940s mochedwa. Small zipangizo kunyamula, wokometsedwa kwa osiyanasiyana ofunsira, akhala paliponse 1970 ndi. Ndipo luso ukadaulo microprocessor zachititsa kuti mlingo watsopano yolinganizika, kuphweka ndi miniaturization.

Kupanga zipangizo nawo ambiri makampani odziwika. Pakati pawo - German kampani Siemens, American Dakota Ultrasonics, British Cygnus. Mu Russia, zipangizo umatulutsa makampani monga SPF "AKS" NPK "mtanda", SPC "MaksProfit" ndi ena.

Kodi angathe kuyeza?

Mumakhala aliyense ochiritsira chuma kumanga angathe kuyeza ntchito ultrasound. masensa akupanga zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa zitsulo, mapulasitiki, nsanganizo, galasi, ziwiya zadothi ndi galasi. N'zothekanso miyezo ya mapulasitiki extruded ndi adagulung'undisa mu kupanga ndondomeko - zigawo ngati osiyana kapena zokutira, ndi nkhani multilayer, zakumwa ndi toyesa kwachilengedwenso. ntchito ina imene chabe zofunika akupanga makulidwe, - kutsimikiza kwa makulidwe njerwa ndi nyumba konkire, phula ndi miyala. miyezo amenewa pafupifupi nthawi zonse sanali yotayikitsa, amafuna palibe kudula kapena disassembly malo.

Zida kuti si oyenera ochiritsira akupanga muyeso chifukwa kufala osauka mafunde-pafupipafupi, monga matabwa, pepala konkire ndi mankhwala foamed.

Kodi kuyeza?

Sound mphamvu ikhoza kupangidwa pa lonse pafupipafupi sipekitiramu. An phokoso lomveka ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 20 mpaka 20 kHz. The apamwamba pafupipafupi, ndi apamwamba anadziwa kamvekedwe. Mphamvu pafupipafupi apamwamba kupitirira kumva anthu, wotchedwa ultrasound. Nthawi zambiri, kuyendera akupanga ikuchitika pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana kuchokera 500 kHz 20 MHz, ngakhale ena zipangizo apadera ukufika 50 kHz kapena 100 MHz. Kaya pafupipafupi, mphamvu Sonic ndi makina Phokoso anakafika mu sing'anga n'chiyani, monga mpweya kapena zitsulo, malinga ndi malamulo yaikulu ya mafunde sayansi.

Pakuti miyezo ntchito akupanga khoma makulidwe n'zotsimikizira. Mfundo zikugwira ntchito chipangizo tichipeza mu mawerengedwe yeniyeni zimachitika polumikizira nthawi ya kafukufuku yaing'ono (transducer) mwa muyeso chinthu, anasonyeza padziko mumtima kapena pakhoma wapotalikira. Popeza mafunde phokoso kusonyeza kutali malire pakati pa zipangizo yosiyana, kudziwa zimenezi ndi amangoona anachita ndi dzanja limodzi, mu "Kugunda / Echo".

The transducer limapangidwa chinthu piezoelectric amene wokonda yochepa zimachitika magetsi kupanga apawokha akupanga mafunde. Iwo wotumidwa kwa zinthu mpandawo, ndi kudutsa mpaka mukumana ndi khoma kapena chopinga ena. Yoweyula anasonyeza udzabwerera kwa transducer amene otembenuka Phokoso makina mu mphamvu ya magetsi. Ndipotu, akupanga makulidwe gauges kumvetsera kwa kumatikumbutsabe ku mbali ina. Childs, nthawi imeneyi pakati pa anatumiza chizindikiro anasonyeza chabe miliyoni ochepa a lachiwirilo. chipangizo analowa deta pa a mathamangidwe phokoso m'nkhani imene tingathe ndiye kuwerengera makulidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ubwenzi yosavuta masamu: D = V T / 2, m'mene:

• D - kakakulu gawo;
• V - mathamangidwe wa cholamitsa;
• T - anayeza nthawi ya ndime zomveka.

An chizindikiro zofunika

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti liwiro la oganiza chinthu pansi kuphunzira ndi mbali yofunika ya mawerengedwe izi. zosiyanasiyana zimafalitsa mafunde phokoso mosiyana. Monga ulamuliro, ndi zolimba pamwamba, ndi zofewa - pansipa. Komanso akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha. Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera calibrated akupanga makulidwe gauges liwiro mfundo mpandawo kuchokera amene mwachindunji zimadalira lolondola kuwerenga.

Sound mafunde mu MHz osiyanasiyana monga mwa mpweya anayesedwa woipa, kotero kusintha kufala phokoso pakati pa emitter ndi chitsanzo aikidwa dontho la lumikiza madzimadzi. Childs, couplant ntchito glycerol, propylene glycol, madzi, mafuta ndi gel osakaniza. Only pang'ono madzimadzi kudzaza woonda kwambiri mpweya kusiyana.

modes kayesedwe

Opanga akupanga makulidwe kuyeza nthawi imeneyi mphamvu kudutsa chitsanzo mayeso njira zitatu:

1. The imeneyi pakati pa malemeredwe zimachitika, amene amapanga phokoso limayendera ndi oyambirira kubwerera Echo opanda yaing'ono kuchepetsa phindu, akuchedwa kuchepetsa mu chida, ndipo Converter chingwe.
2. Nthawi imeneyi pakati kumatikumbutsabe anabwerera kuchokera pamwamba nyemba ndi woyamba anasonyeza kumatikumbutsabe.
3. The imeneyi pakati kumatikumbutsabe ziwiri mondondozana pansi.

Posankha zambiri kuzichita mtundu wa transducer, ndi mfundo zenizeni ntchito. The mode choyamba ntchito ndi kachipangizo kukhudzana ndi bwino ntchito kwambiri. The chachiwiri kuchedwa mzere alipo kapena kumizidwa transducers ntchito kwa concave ndi pamalo otukukira kunja mu danga chatsekedwa, kuona yogwedeza zakuthupi kapena zinthu mkulu kutentha.

The mode wachitatu komanso yagwiritsa ntchito akuchedwa mzere kapena masensa kumiza ndipo kawirikawiri amapereka molondola okwezeka ndi bwino osachepera kusamvana makulidwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene khalidwe miyezo ya mode woyamba kapena wachiwiri ndi mtima. Komabe, mode yamasika oyenera okha zipangizo yotulutsa woyera kumatikumbutsabe angapo, monga ulamuliro, ndi damping otsika ngati kuti zitsulo chabwino-grained, galasi, ziwiya zadothi.

Awiri mitundu zipangizo

Akupanga gauges makulidwe kawirikawiri ogaŵikana mitundu iwiri: dzimbiri ndi cholondola. Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndi mtima wa m'lifupi makoma yotsalira chitsulo wa mapaipi, ziwiya, zigawo structural ndi zipangizo kuthamanga amene imvera dzimbiri mkati ndipo sangathe kuoneka kunja. Makulidwe n'zotsimikizira, akupanga dzimbiri ndipo anapangidwa kwa cholinga ichi. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira chizindikiro processing amene wokometsedwa kwa kudziwika kochepa yotsalira khoma m'lifupi mwa zitsanzo coarse ndi omwe anachita dzimbiri amatseguka ndi masensa apadera ziwiri amafotokozera.

Nthawi zina, akuonetsa ntchito zida mwandondomeko ndi converters umodzi - chifukwa zitsulo, mapulasitiki, fiberglass, nsanganizo, labala ndi zoumbaumba. Ndi kuchuluka kwa masensa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane, amene angathe kuyeza ndi lolondola ± 0.025 mamilimita kapena chapamwamba, chimene ndi apamwamba kuposa probes ndi dzimbiri.

Standard akupanga makulidwe gauges anawagawira ndi cholinga, digiri ya zochita zokha, chitetezo mwangozi chilengedwe, kukana nkhawa makina, ndi Mzimuyo zolozera yaikulu.

mitundu ya converters

• Contact transducers ntchito mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chitsanzo mayeso. Miyezo nawo mosavuta, kotero iwo ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• Converters kuchedwa mzere akupanga pulasitiki, epoxy kapena yamphamvu khwatsi ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa zinthu yogwira ndi mayeso chinthu. Chifukwa chachikulu ntchito zawo - Muyeso wa zinthu zoonda, ndi pofunika kuti asiyanitse malemeredwe nyemba ku Echo pansi. Kuchedwa mzere angathe kutumikira monga kutentha insulator, kuteteza kutentha tcheru chowunikira mchitidwe kuchokera mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi zipangizo otentha. Komanso akhoza kupangidwa, kuwongolera nsinga mu concave lakuthwa kapena pamalo otukukira kunja.
• transducers Submersible kuti kupereka mphamvu lamayimbidwe kuti zinthu chingwe ntchito madzi osamba kapena yachiwiri. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa kusuntha zinthu, chifukwa chindodo kapena kukhathamiritsa wa lumikiza pamaso pa lakuthwa radii, grooves kapena njira.
• Converters ndi zinthu ziwiri ntchito shirinomerah zikuwononga kwa kudziwa m'lifupi zinthu ndi zamwano, pamwamba zacita. Amakhala ndi kufalitsa osiyana ndi kulandira chinthu anaika pa ngodya pang'ono kufika pamzere kuchedwa kuganizira mphamvu pa mtunda anasankha pansi pa chitsanzo anayeza. Ngakhale miyezo amenewa molondola zina masensa, kawirikawiri kupereka ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri.

Akupanga makulidwe kuyeza: malangizo

Pokonzekera transducer muyeso ayenera olumikizidwa kwa chipangizo, yatsani izo pa, anapereka liwiro phokoso ndi azigwirizana. Kuchita izi, ntchito pang'ono nkhani kukhudzana pa calibration muyezo, angagwirizanitse sensa ndi athe calibration mode. njirayi ayenera anachita pambuyo kuchotsa inverter kapena batire. Mitundu ya kudziwika calibration makulidwe ndi liwiro la phokoso.

Pakuti miyezo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko chinthu ndi kulankhula wothandizila kachipangizo. chifukwa The chimaonetsedwa pachionetsero cha. Zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo mu mode jambulani Mwachitsanzo, kufuna makulidwe zing'onozing'ono zakuthupi. Ndi zotheka kuti sintha alamu kudziwa malo ndi kukula mpanda wa zosakwana mtengo akonzedwa.

Kuona liwiro phokoso kuti anayeza chinthu caliper kapena micrometer, angagwirizanitse Converter ndi kudikira zotsatira. Poonetsa mtengo chisanadze anayeza, akanikizire batani kupulumutsa deta m'chikumbumtima. Ena zipangizo kulola kusintha deta PC.

Akupanga makulidwe: Ndemanga

Ogwiritsa ndithu kuwunika yaying'ono kukula, chomasuka ntchito, zodalirika, chomasuka calibration zipangizo zamakono. Akatswiri onani, pakalibe m'malo mwa zipangizo za mtundu uwu pamene mumayesto chikhalidwe cha magalimoto, khalidwe la ntchito ya bodywork lapansi. chipangizo limachititsa kuti aone ngati galimoto ndi repaint ndi kaya anali nawo pa ngozi. Makulidwe, oti couplant chofunika, komanso amatha kuchita kudziletsa calibration, ali otchuka.

Zofunika ndi uthunthu

Akupanga makulidwe, mfundo ya amene anasankhidwa malingana ndi zikuchokera, kuyeza osiyanasiyana, Masamu, kutentha, amafuna molondola ndi zinthu zina zotheka, nthawi zina chabe chofunika kwambiri.

zakuthupi mtundu ndi mmene miyezo ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri chipangizo kusankha ndi inverter. zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zitsulo kwambiri, ziwiya zadothi ndi galasi, ultrasound imagwiridwa bwino kwambiri ndi mpata miyezo zosiyana. mapulasitiki ambiri kuyamwa mphamvu chake yochepa pazipita makulidwe osiyanasiyana, koma zinthu kwambiri ntchito muyeso sayambitsa mavuto. Labala, fiberglass ndi zipangizo zambiri gulu kuyamwa wamphamvu kwambiri komanso amafuna transmitters ndi amalandira amene wokometsedwa ntchito pa mafurikwense otsika.

Makulidwe Mzimuyo mtundu wa Converter ndi. zinthu woonda ali anayeza pa mafurikwense mkulu wakuda kapena damping - otsika. Zipangizo woonda kwambiri ntchito kuchedwa mzere, ngakhale iwo, komanso transducers submersible zocheperapo miyezo makulidwe chifukwa kulowelela ku Echo angapo. Pa nkhani ya zinthu lonse kapena zinthu ongokhala zipangizo zingapo kungafune osiyanasiyana masensa.

Kupindika padziko

Ndi kuwonjezeka mu dzuwa la kupindika kukhudzana padziko pakati pa transducer ndi chinthu kuti anayeza yafupika Koma ndi kucheperachepera utali wozungulira kupindika ayenera utachepa kachipangizo kusamvana. Muyeso wa radii ochepa akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mizere kapena kuchedwetsa contactless submersible transducers. Zingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito miyezo mu grooves, cavities ndi malo ena ndi mwayi zochepa.

kutentha

Contact transducers zambiri zothandiza pa chinthu pa kutentha 50 ° C. More otentha zipangizo ingawononge sensa chifukwa zotsatira za kuwonjezeka matenthedwe. Zikatero, nthawi zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito inverters ndi kuchedwa mzere, kutentha zosagwira, kutentha kapena kumiza sensa ndi zinthu ziwiri.

Nthawi zina, ndi otsika lamayimbidwe impedance chinthu (kachulukidwe kuchulukitsa ndi mathamangidwe cha phokoso) chikugwirizana ndi nkhani inayake ndi impedance mkulu lamayimbidwe. Chitsanzo zitsanzo - pulasitiki, labala ndi galasi ❖ kuyanika wa zitsulo kapena zitsulo zina, galasi ndi polymeric ❖ kuyanika. Pankhaniyi Echo ku malire pakati pa zipangizo awiriwo adzakhala fazoinvertirovannym - kukalowa ndi kulemekeza Echo ku malire ndi mpweya. Izi tiyenera tikonze basi kusintha zoikamo chipangizo, koma ngati palibe chachitika, ndiye kuwerenga adzakhala zolakwika.

zolakwa

Kulondola muyeso zimakhudza zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo yotsimikiza ya gauges akupanga makulidwe ndi calibration awo, mathamangidwe pachilichonse mu mankhwala, attenuation ndi kubalalika kwa phokoso, padziko roughness ndi kupindika padziko, kulankhulana osauka ndi kufanana pansi. Zowona bwino zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za kukula kudziwika. Ndi yoyenera calibration zolakwa akupanga makulidwe a ± 0,01 mamilimita ndipo ngakhale ± 0.001 mm. Kuchedwa mzere kapena kumiza transducers mu mode wachitatu komanso kusintha molondola kayesedwe.