Akasinja, womwe umagwira chitetezo. thanki zida yogwira: mfundo kanthu. Kutulukira yogwira zida

Koma m'nkhani ino tiona zimene zida yogwira. Onani - mutu ndithu chidwi komanso zofunikira. Choncho, dongosolo chitetezo yogwira ndi kuwombera zokwana yeniyeni, olumikizidwa kwa Rada chipangizo cha chikoka m'deralo. kachitidwe anayikidwa mu akasinja.

Ngati thanki Mwachitsanzo, T-72 ndi zida yogwira anapeza akuyandikira thereto munition (antitank grenade mabomba, ndi zina zotero), zimayambitsa projectile kuti azilankhula loopsa chinthu chimaphulika. Kodi chikuchitika n'chiyani? Inasinthira mtambo wa zinyalala kapena kuwononga kapena kwambiri kufooketsa zotsatira za chinthu choopsa. Tikumbukenso kuti asayansi komanso cholinga zipangizo amachita milandu zoteteza osafunikiranso oyambitsa.

Latsopano la Russia

Kodi zida yogwira thanki? Iye anakamba ndi zomwe zagwiridwa opanga manja Soviet. Lingaliro la chitetezo yogwira magalimoto sitima kwa nthawi yoyamba analengeza mu umodzi wa Tula Design Bureau, kuzungulira 1950. Achikhalire woyamba anatulukira nzeru "Drozd" wakhala anaika pa T-55AD, amene analandira asilikali mu 1983.

Ambiri, "Thrush" - ali woyamba mu dziko kulengedwa, mukutengera ndi misa-zokolola. ntchito zake analoledwa ntchito thanki popanda malamulo.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, yogwira zida kwambiri (kawiri kapena zambiri) kumawonjezera kupirira chitsulo zimphona.

Mu 1980, dongosolo la "Blackbird" anali modernized ndipo analandira index "Drozd-2." Komabe chitetezo yogwira "m'bwalomo" anali akupangidwa koma chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, iye sanapite mu mndandanda wa komanso zovuta anakongoletsa.

Kutulukira zida yogwira "m'bwalomo" amathandiza kuti njira ya mavuto ena. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba pamene kuwononga ake warhead pomenyana oyenda anadabwa zidutswa mabomba zotakasika kapena ATGMs ndi mivi interceptor. Tsopano, kupezeka kwa makombo (pamwamba ndi pansi) ndi njira ya kayendedwe ka unit zoteteza mopitirira kuti kwathunthu kuthetsa zone mosalekeza chiwonongeko ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa chiwonongeko cha pomenyana mivi.

Today pa nsanja "Armata" ntchito Kolomenskoye KBM KAZ. Akatswiri akulimbikira pa "Afghani" zovuta. Nkhani zikupita monga kapangidwe mu kapangidwe kake adzakhala ndi makina ounikira millimeter osiyanasiyana, ndi zolinga za kuwonongedwa zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito chimoto chadzaoneni anapanga penetrator mmalo mwa miyambo okhudza malo kugawikana otaya.

Trappable chandamale amaoneka ngati kusuntha pa liwiro pazipita 1700 m / s.

chitukuko kunja

Nanga mayiko ena anayamba yogwira zida za thanki? Izo analengedwa mu France, USA, Germany ndi Israel. Koma Soviet Union anagwa mwadzidzidzi, ndi onse a chiwembu ataya kufunika awo. Komanso, ndalama asilikali akhala yafupika, ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti maliro ambiri a ntchito yapadera.

Tikhonza kutchula chapadera - "Barrier" Chiyukireniya dongosolo. Kuti iye anabweretsedwa ku mlingo wa zitsanzo alipo. Kumene, kapangidwe sanabadwe anakwanitsa April 2010, ku mayeso boma, ndi mu utumiki wa asilikali Chiyukireniya, koma mwachangu kwambiri ankalimbikitsa kwa katundu.

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi momwe chida yogwira? Mwachitsanzo, zovuta "Barrier" ali mbali chidwi - zokwana chida sanali moto kumbuyo, ndi kuletsedwa mwachindunji padziko makina ankhondo. Komanso, malinga ndi kutukula ndi, anatsimikiza funso liquidation wa zokwana, asilikali ake kuchokera kumwamba. Komanso, mchikakamizo cha otaya echeloned kugawikana ndi detonation yoweyula ndi zokwana zitsulo nonperforated (BOPS) kusintha njira zawo. Iwo mwina kukumana kusungitsa zofunika pa ngodya akumane, kapena kupita kunja zoni isagwe chinthu. Ndi mokoma awa a dongosolo anaika mu gulu la njira chilengedwe chitetezo.

Pamene pali yogwira zida, tiona zambiri, ndipo tsopano tatembenukira ku West. Mu 2004-2006, kumatheka chitukuko cha machitidwe yogwira chitetezo anayamba m'mayiko a Azungu. America komanso inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha madongosolo otero: iwo anavutika ndi bombardment zonse mizati lankhondo la RPG-7 Iraq. Komanso, wachiwiri Lebanon nkhondo ndi kuikapo maganizo ntchito grenade launchers ATGM ndi misempha owonongedwa utsogoleri US.

Amadziwika kuti ngati America Quick Mupheni dongosolo amafuna patsogolo kwambiri chidwi mu Israel, muli kale mu Trophy ndi Iron nkhonya ntchito. Pamene nkhondoyo inatha mu 2006, akatswiri ndi pakati akonzekeretse thanki "Merkava-4" yogwira chitetezo system (KAZ) "Trophy" (ulimi wa Israel). dongosolo amatha kuononga mivi kuopseza galimoto ATRA / RPG. N'chifukwa chake Mk.4 ndi woyamba yachilendo MBT ndi KAZ.

Tikumbukenso kuti akasinja woyamba yogwira chitetezo si okhazikika chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama. Siriyo yopanga "The Iron Colossus" wokonzeka KAZ "Trophy" amatanthauza "Merkava Mk.4M», anayamba mu miyezi cha 2008. Ndipo mu 2009, anayamba kulowa usilikali.

Ambiri, wapadera zovuta Israel ndi recharging basi. Komanso, zingakhudze zinthu angapo.

mavuto

Ambiri amati ngati pali yogwira thanki zida, adzakhala wopambana limasinthira iliyonse. Koma machitidwe onse chitetezo ndi zolakwa wamba. Ndi bwinobwino mmene zovuta adzakhala ntchito pa mantha chidwi. ATGM zambiri (mwachitsanzo, FGM 148 nthungo) amagwa pa denga la thanki, anyalanyaza kukafika kutsogolo kutetezedwa. Mabomba ndi mamita angapo "Iron Giant" akhoza kuwononga zipangizo anayikidwa pa denga. Ndithudi ndithu ndipo dongosolo chitetezo.

Komanso, ndi ntchito yokhayo chipangizo sayenera recharging amateteza kuukira angapo mbali imodzi. Ndi mbali n'komwe mu chitukuko cha RPG 30, wokonzeka ndi warhead zapamwamba, chomwe chimathandiza ntchito chipangizo chitetezo pa mtunda abwino zotakasika grenade.

T-62

Ndipo tiyeni tipeze chimene thanki T-62 ndi zida yogwira? Nthawi zambiri, T-62 ( "chinthu 166") - pafupifupi Soviet thanki. Bukuli lakonzedwa pamaziko a T-55 thanki. Linapangidwa mu USSR kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka 1975. woyamba galimoto dziko ndi yosalala-inabala mfuti ndi likungosonyeza a 115 mamilimita ndi kulemera kwa thanki sing'anga ndi mlingo pazipita zosungitsa (Lingaliro la makina zofunika nkhondo).

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pa mikono ya Soviet Union mu 1950s panali T-54/55 - mfundo sing'anga thanki. makina wakhala mosalekeza bwino, kuchuluka firepower ake, koma 100 mm rifled mfuti wofanana D-10T.

Pamaso 1961, D-10T amamenyera yaing'ono-likungosonyeza zida kuboola projectiles ndi 1950 sizikanatha kuonetsetsa chinkhoswe mogwira mtima watsopano sing'anga thanki M48 (USA). A akasinja Western pa nthawi imeneyo kale ntchito ndi zokwana subcaliber otedinyayuschimsya thireyi ndi onsewo zokwana chokhala, analasidwa zida za akasinja Soviet pa mtunda alipidwa ya nkhondo.

Pa kulengedwa kwa T-62 ntchito magulu awiri a Soviet akatswiri-thanki omanga 1950s. The yoyamba inali chitukuko cha chida watsopano akasinja sing'anga ndi kubweretsa ena moyo kanthu ukhalabe KB Uralvagonzavod - analenga zingamuthandize sing'anga thanki m'malo T-54/55.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 1958 ntchito ya zingamuthandize thanki "chinthu 140" linamalizidwa mu KB Uralvagonzavod. The E polojekiti inatha L. N. Kartsev, yemwe anali mlengi mkulu wa mbewu. Kuti iye ankaona kuti ndi makina atsopano kwambiri otsika zamakono ndi zovuta ntchito.

Poyembekezera zimenezi, akatswiri kukhala kufanana thanki "chinthu 165", umene uli wosakanizidwa, wopangidwa mwa nsanja ndi "chinthu 140" thupi omenyana m'dera "chinthu 150" ndi injini-kufala gawo T ndi kutsogolera 55 limagwirira lapansi. Factory chiyesedwe cha mankhwala yatha mu 1958: mogwirizana ndi zotsatira za Utumiki wa silikhali anavomereza kusodza wachiwiri buku la "chinthu 165", ngakhale kwambiri pafupifupi mu dongosolo ndi muyezo wa T-55.

Kuwonjezera pa "chinthu 165" mu 1950s, ndi anayamba kuchuluka kwa achinyamata chiyembekezo akasinja zina sing'anga. Iwo ali mu utumiki ankayenera kuti akhale watsopano 100 mm rifled mfuti D-54 (Y-8TS), analengedwa mu 1953. Poyerekeza D-10, D-54 lalikulu zida 25%, ndiponso mathamangidwe koyamba zida kuboola mivi anali chinawonjezeka kuchoka 895 kwa 1015 m / s. Komabe, magawo awa ankatengedwa osakwanira kwa kulimbana bwino ndi akasinja Western ndi mitundu zambiri zamakono za zipolopolo kulibe panobe.

Tikumbukenso kuti ku usilikali analandira ankakana kwambiri pamaso pa D 54 kuipanikiza ananyema. chipangizo ndi kuwombera chinathandiza mapangidwe chisanu, fumbi kapena mchenga mitambo, unmasking thanki ndi zotsatira ovutitsa ananena mfuti. Komanso, ambiri amaopa kuti kuipanikiza kuphulika adzakhala ndi kungasokoneze asilikali ndi oti muli nazo zida oyenda thandizo.

Kuweta thanki ndi yogwira zida T-72B

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi zimene T-72B ndi zida yogwira? Izi Baibulo mankhwala 1985. Iwo amakhala ndi pamaso pa makolo a dongosolo mgwirizano zida zida ndi wamphamvu oti muli nazo zida nsanja kutetezedwa. Komanso, makina ali ndi kulumikizidwa zazikulu chitetezo muli anamangidwira 227, pa hafu imene aikidwa pa nsanja.

Amadziwika kuti thanki ndi yogwira zida T-72B udaikidwa pa wamakono wa T-72A. makina ndi wachitatu m'badwo MBT: izo okonzeka ndi wamphamvu chitetezo "Contact", zinasintha MSA (2E42-2 ali ndege stabilizer mfuti chifukwa likuomba paulendo) ndiponso dongosolo la zida mgwirizano 9K120 "Swir" (okonzeka ndi chipangizo akuloza 1K13-49). Wamakono la nsanjayo kutsogozedwa ndi kuwonjezeka mu kulemera matani mpaka 44,5.

T-90

Ndipo chimene chiri chabwino za zida yogwira T-90? Amadziwika kuti T-90 "Vladimir" - nkhondo m'munsi Russian thanki. Izo analengedwa mu 1980s mochedwa monga kusintha kwambiri mu T-72B, amatchedwa "T-72B modernized." Koma mu 1992, iye usilikali kale pansi pa T-90.

Pamene Potkina VI (aakulu mlengi wa thanki) wapita, boma la Russia anaganiza T-90 dzina "Vladimir".

Mwa njira, mu nthawi kuchokera 2001 mpaka 2010, T-90 ankaona zabwino Kugulitsa MBT latsopano mu dziko msika.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'chaka cha 2010 galimoto anagulidwa T-90 Mapangano kwa khamu la Chitaganya cha Russia pa mtengo wa rubles 70 miliyoni. Ndi 2011, mtengo wa T-90 chawonjezeka ndi anakwana rubles miliyoni 118. Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2011, ogulidwa ndi T-90 kwa asilikali Russian inaima.

September 9, 2011 Nizhny Tagil mu chionetsero mayiko anasonyezedwa poyera T-90cm, latsopano katundu chitsanzo T-90 thanki.

yogwira chitetezero

Ndi T-90 Protection akugwira? Zida Traditional iye ali, ali ndi chitetezo zazikulu. Komanso, makina ali okonzeka ndi yogwira dongosolo chitetezo anamangidwira ku kuwala-pakompyuta yimitsira "Akhungu-1". chipangizo lakonzedwa kuti adziteteze chitsulo chimphona mivi antitank ndi mgwirizano anamanga ochokera "Akhungu-1" ndi chipangizo n'kupanga nsalu yotchinga.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi "Akhungu-1" cholinga kuti adziteteze ku mivi okonzeka ndi dongosolo theka-zodziwikiratu malangizo. Iwo anamanga wa nsapato modulators, awiri spotlights infuraredi OTSHU-1-7 ndi wagawo kulamulira.

Aliyense akudziwa kuti pamene chitetezo ndi adamulowetsa, moti zida. Chipangizo kupanga chophimba anatchula ankalamulira zokwana zomwe zili ndi kudzikonda potsegula-motsogozedwa laser mtengo ndi laser homing. chipangizo ichinso kumathandiza laser finders osiyanasiyana ndi mapangidwe smokescreen a.

nyumba imeneyi imakhala ya laser zizindikiro cheza anamanga ku masensa awiri awiri coarse - kupeza chenicheni malangizo chipangizo ntchito machitidwe ndi khumi launchers grenade wodzazidwa aerosol.

Kwenikweni ndi wapadera Kutulukira - zida yogwira. Mfundo kanthu ake ali motere: ngati thanki ndi wapezeka ndi laser cheza padzuwa, dongosolo amapanga nsalu yotchinga, Mzimuyo malangizo a kuopsa kucheza ndi zidziwitso adalira. Komanso, kapena monga mwa kulamula mtsogoleri wa anthu ogwira ntchito, kapena basi ikuchitika kuwombera mabomba aerosol, amene amalenga ndi aerosol mtambo, neutralizing ndi laser poizoni kusokoneza kanthu kachitidwe chida malangizo. Komanso, kumene wobadwa mtambo masks chitsulo makina, osatembenukira ku smokescreen a.

"Afghani"

Timapitiriza kuti tiganizire moposera kodi zida yogwira. "Afghani" - yogwira chitetezo (KAZ) thanki. Izo analengedwa ndi akatswiri Russian mu 2010s ndi.

chipangizo Zimenezi zimateteza lolemera magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi chokhala mivi antitank (PTUR ndi wapolisi) ndi zokwana boma-likungosonyeza.

Anamanga ku unit Rada, kuwala-pakompyuta masensa ndi laser zipangizo aiming, awiri mayunitsi kutembenuka, mphamvu ya kutali, ndi Chiwerengero, m'ndandanda wa zingwe, mabokosi ziwirizi, mikono woteteza amawapeza migodi.

chitetezo Protivosnaryadnym makamaka ili pansi pa nsanja pa thupi, kotero izo trudnouyazvima kwa zida kwambiri, mosiyana ndi ena KAZ. mankhwala a makina ounikira zida ndi lingafanane. Izo zili ndi dongosolo jamming ndipo akhoza kuthetsa munitions, ntchito odana ndege mfuti ndi zofunika AESA Rada. Mwa njira, zolinga zawo chitetezo zoona, angathe kuonedwa kuti ndi osiyana palokha zovuta.

"Afganita" ndiAmene ndapeza setifiketi ya RU 2263268 kwa chipangizo chitetezo ukugwira ntchito pa mfundo ya "kuponya nyukiliya" kuti amalola kuponyera pansi mivi kulonjezedwa imathamanga mpaka 3000 m / s. Today (mpaka mapeto a boma kuyezetsa) tikunena kuti iyeyo chandamale pa liwiro la ku 1700 m / s. Chotero chipangizo akhoza kukakumana pafupifupi warhead chilichonse chokwawa pa liwiro pazipita.

Mu malo oyamba, "Afghani" ndi EFP, anapezerapo ku moto warhead kumbuyo poyamba motsogozedwa chida chidebe phiri (kumanja), ndiye kwina kulikonse ankafuna. zida The amatha bwino kuwononga pomenyana chandamale mitundu yonse. Nsanja alinso mitundu iwiri ya zida okutidwa ku mavuto, koyenera kuti jamming, amene amabisa thanki pa nthawi ya nkhondo yochokera zosiyanasiyana maroketi ano odana thanki.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi AESA Rada ndi dongosolo palokha.

mpheto mfundo

Kufufuza dongosolo ukugwira ntchito motere:

• Ntchito deta analandira kupyolera mu njira zolankhulirana, amene anabisidwa kwa mdani, mwa njira zosiyanasiyana za kudziwika ndi kugonjetsedwa kusokonezedwa. dongosolo zachokera chiongoko ndi kudziwika zipangizo munthu.
• Kudziwika kuwaopseza kudzera LRS lapansi. Mu "Afgane" Chitsanzo kwa T-14 ndi T-15 kuopseza inamva kudzera RL kutali mtundu panolamiki kuonera, ndi osiyanasiyana ochititsa chidwi a kudziwika.
• Sankhani mtundu amuleka ku chilango cha ntchito pafupi-chitetezo KAZ zipangizo.

kudutsana akuyambira:

• Kuopseza anaukira VOP zikutanthauza (T 15 amagwiritsa chida cha 30 mamilimita natsogozedwa chida dongosolo ndi mivi antiaircraft, ndipo T-14 - antiaircraft makina mfuti 12,7 mm).
• Kusokonezedwa kukutanthauza kuwonongedwa kwa Zipangizo zamakono, pomenyana kachitidwe. Chiwonongeko ikuchitika mphamvu KAZ.
• Interception kontrboezaryadami. zochita Interception awiri ndi makumi awiri mamita (neutralizes komanso kuboola zipolopolo).

The launchers "Afgane" machubu kutayidwa pansi nsanja akhoza adzaikidwa monga maroketi lalikulu ndi zoduliratu (ziwiri kapena zitatu aliyense munition). Njira yamasika nzeru za kukonzekera ejection interceptor anatsatira ma chandamale kuwombera EFP.

Mwalamulo anasonyeza kuti Chigawo chapamwamba camouflaged KAZ, choncho pali kuthekera ntchito pulogalamu Kusokoneza. Ikhoza ngowe amenewa anakonza mu kuwundana odana MRL likungosonyeza warhead za mamilimita 200.

Mwa njira, mitundu iwiri ya zida zimene amagwira padenga, zimakhala chifukwa kusokonezedwa ndi njira chiwonongeko cha zida otsika kalasi, pomenyana paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi. Komanso, padenga la munthu zipolopolo grenade akhoza kugwira phokoso yaitali chivundikiro kapena zina kusokonezedwa mabomba pafupipafupi magulu.

Choncho m'pofunika kuganizira pamaso pa okwana nkhani za T-14 ndi T-15, amene bwino kwambiri amateteza mabomba limodzi.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kudziwa yogwira thanki chitetezo.