Agglutinin agglutinogen ndi - mapuloteni magazi, chopulumutsa moyo

Agglutinogen - mapuloteni magazi. Anapanga antigens kale mu mwezi wachitatu wa chitukuko yoopsa. Ndi alipo 2, 3 ndi 4 magulu magazi. Imathamanga, malinga ndi kafukufuku, za 236 antigens kuti yagawidwa mu machitidwe 29. magazi gulu anatsimikiza ku kachitidwe 2 - ABO ndi uchembere wabwino.

The zikuchokera magazi. Agglutinogen - ndi chiyani ichi?

Monga amadziwika, magazi imakhala madzi, madzi a m'magazi ndipo anapanga zinthu: leukocytes, erythrocytes ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana.

Agglyutinogeny amatchedwanso antigens (AG). Iwo alipo maselo zonse za thupi. chitetezo awo chofunika kulikonse. Ngakhale mu ubongo. Antigens komanso padziko lamkati la erythrocytes. Ndipo agglutinogens ndi maselo awo woyera magazi (90 mitundu).

Agglutinogen - mankhwala omwe amasunga mlendo ndi chibadwa kuzindikira yeniyeni mudziwe munthu komanso kucheza ndi chitetezo cha.

Ndi chikhalidwe chawo mankhwala, anawagawa:

• mapuloteni (RH mapuloteni Colton neri Al.);
• glycoproteins (Lutheran);
• glycolipids (AVO).

Agglutinogen - ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-globulin, amene imafalikira kwa ana akhanda ndi cholowa. Iye, pamodzi ndi madzi agglutinin alipo Mzimuyo mtundu magazi, monga ayankhidwa pansipa.

Nchito agglutinogens ndi agglutinins

Ngati agglutinogens, iwo ali antigens chomwecho tinatengera kwa makolo, ndi agglutinins (chitetezo kapena chitetezo) amapangidwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Iwo synthesizes chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndipo iwo kucheza yekha ndi Antigen umene ukunenedwa.

Kuti chitetezo kukumverani munthu amene m'thupi. Iwo agglutinate (mwa kulankhula kwina, zomatira) maselo tating'onoting'ono ndi iwo aonongedwa. Ndiye clumps awa ndi akufa maselo mlendo ndi woterowu ndi mosavuta excreted. antigens A kuwapatsa zonse zofunika. Choncho agglutinogens, magazi agglutinins kupulumutsa thupi ku nkhondo ya matupi yachilendo. Popanda mapangidwe ntchito zawo kupulumuka zosatheka.

gulu magazi

Kusiyana ndi kukhalapo kapena gulu otstutstvie antigens ndi chitetezo. Antigens kwambiri. Komabe, zofunika kwambiri kwa madokotala Antigen A ndi B, komanso chitetezo Alpha ndi Yoyeserera.

A zofunika khalidwe wachiwiri kwa magazi a anthu ndi RH magazi mapuloteni, mwachitsanzo. E. Zake kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka.

Choncho kusiyanitsa magulu magazi; agglutinogens ndi agglutinins anatengedwa kuti m'kagulu okhawo amene zogwirizana agglutination lapansi.

Kuthandauza kwa gulu, achite zimenezi. Pamene kusanganikirana amapezeka Sera (kapena ayi) zimene agllyutinatsii. Mu linachepa, ndipo kuganiza.

Agglutination - zimachitika imene kukakamirana pamodzi ndi kusokonekera chitetezo ndi antigens omwe si yogwirizana ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, erythrocytes agglutinogens 2 magazi gulu pamodzi ndi chitetezo kwa plasma beta. Ngati izi kugwa magazi chitetezo Alpha, kodi kogwirizana awo. Maselo kufa. A beta oteteza kugwa mu chubu ndi magazi seramu ndi Antigen B, komanso "Launch" tatchulazi anachita.

kafukufuku History

Choyamba gulu magazi imene dongosolo ABO. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1901, pamene Karl Landsteiner anapeza chitetezo. Gulu la anayamba Karl Landsteiner ndi J. Jansky. Iwo anati agglutinogen - ichi ndi tinthu, popanda chidziwitso cha makhalidwe amene sikutheka kupitiriza zatsopano ndi kuika pa. Ndipo ife kugwira ntchito malangizowo. Mu 1903, gulu anasankha 4.

Ndipo mu 1940 A. Kuwotcha ndi K. Landsteiner anapeza RH china. mapuloteni amenewa amapezeka pafupifupi 85% ya anthu ndi khungu loyera. Ngati prisutstveut mapuloteni mu magazi ndi RH zabwino (RH +), ndi pamene palibe - zoipa (Rh-). Popeza magulu magazi anawagawira pamaziko a kachitidwe awiri.

malamulo kuika

magazi, ngakhale mu nthawi yathu, ndi chidziwitso chonse mankhwala a m'badwo wathu, ndi ngozi. Mwakupoperedwa ndi agwiritsa ntchito kokha pamene kutaya magazi ndi 25% kapena kuposa buku okwana. zoopsa zambiri - mavairasi posttransfuziozny mantha - chilichonse.

Kuyesera kuti apeze magazi ambiri abwino, mwinamwake chifukwa angayambitse mavuto magazi. Ngakhale ziri zodziwika bwino kuti anthu ndi 1 gulu - woperekayo chilengedwe, koma ngati voliyumu ya magazi m'malo chachikulu, ndi bwino kukana gulu magazi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi anthu ndi gulu 4, amene amatikhululukira kwa magulu ena.

Gulu 1 TV ndendende chifukwa iwo amatchedwa mwiniwake-mosalekeza kuti magazi kwambiri kuika agglyutinogeny kwina. Pambuyo agglutination anachita mu nkhani iyi sadzatero.

Ambiri, malamulo ali ophweka magazi. Koma zotsatira za chisanadze kuika palibe amene anganene. magazi mwina agglyutinogeny obisika ndipo pomaliza kuti veroyatnst kuti iwo saulula. Kenako munthu pambuyo kuikidwa mabuku lalikulu magazi wamwalira mantha. Koma gulu lake ayenera kudziwa chimodzimodzi munthu aliyense ndipo, ndithudi, kudziwa pamaso pa RH mapuloteni.

RH Factor ndi mimba

Ngati mkazi ali oipa RH mapuloteni magazi, kutanthauza kuti pa mimba zingathe kubweretsa mavuto. Mwana ndi kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni uyu adzakhala chinthu chatsopano kwa thupi la mayi.

Kamodzi akazi ngakhale tikulimbikitsidwa kuti asapite kwa anthu amene ali ndi RH mapuloteni. chitetezo mayi udzawononga yoopsa maselo ofiira. Pajatu aliyense agglutinogen - ali mbali ya "dongosolo kuukira" pa maselo amene amaoneka kuti iwo ndi alendo.

Pamene nkhondo anyani ndi zotheka mavuto:

• Hemolytic matenda a mwanayo;
• matenda a chikasu ndiyo pobadwa;
• padera.

Komabe, ngati mkazi ali ndi dzisamalire ndi nthawizonse kuyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala, mwanayo adzabadwa mwangwiro wathanzi.