Afghanstan anthu. Afghanistan Population: zikuchokera mitundu ndi kuchuluka

Afghanistan - Dziko kudziwika kwa ife, mwatsoka, asilikali inati. Osaleka kumenyana opondereza ankhanza okolofashistskie, kugwa wathunthu wa chuma - zinthu zonsezi chinathandiza anthu Afghanstan.

Kodi chikuchitika ndi dziko lino tsopano?

Afghanistan njira ufulu wodzilamulira

History of Afghanistan anayamba kalelo. Choyamba za anthu okhala m'mayiko amenewa, anatchula Herodotus amawaitana paktienami. Wolemba mbiri yekha sanafikile malo awa ndi ankadziwa za Afghanistan wakale okha kuchokera pakamwa ena. Paktienov Herodotus anafotokoza monga akunjawo, atavala zikopa za nyama. Buku lina kwambiri ku Afghanistan timapeza mbiri Chinese.

M'zaka za m'ma XI, anthu awa anafotokoza mbiri Arab Abu Nasr Muhammad. Iye ananena kuti Afghanistan moyo pa nsonga ya mapiri ndi kulanda kudutsa apaulendo. Ngakhale mafotokozedwe awa, anthu awa msanga kutengera "kutukuka" chikhalidwe. Kukhazikitsidwa chomaliza cha Islam wa atumwi XIII.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, gawo Afghanistan masiku anagonjetsa asilikaliwa.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII dziko linali kale mbali ya Perisiya. Afghanistan anakweza zipolowe angapo ndipo anali Ngokhoza kulenga awiri palokha ukulu.

Choyamba boma Afghanstan anakhala Durrani Ufumu, anakhazikitsa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVIII. Posakhalitsa, Afghanistan wasanduka m'bwalomo za kulimbana pakati pa Russian ndi Britain. Chifukwa kuti anali yabwino Hrs malo a dziko. Mu 1919 Britain anakakamizika kuzindikira ufulu wa boma.

modernity

Mu 1973 boma lachifumu m'malo ndi kulanda boma dongosolo Republican, ndi zisanu anatsatira ulimi zinachititsa kuti Pulezidenti Daoud anaphedwa. Chikominisi anayamba kulamulira. Boma latsopano yomweyo anayamba kanthu kwakukulu. Special kukana traditionalists chifukwa kusiya kupembedza.

Dziko anayamba nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Soviet Union anatuma asilikali Afghanistan kuthandiza samachita nawo Mujahideen, amene anali zimachokera ku United States, China ndi maiko ena. Kupitiriza kukana anakankha Soviet Union kuti mupewe asilikali ake.

Mu zaka 90 kuti apeze mphamvu Taliban kayendedwe, amene ananena okha kuti akumenyana zofuna za Pashtuns (kotero amadzitcha okha Afghanistan). Board ya gulu analoweza anthu a Afghanistan monga nyengo ya mtopola ndi nkhanza.

Pambuyo September 11, 2001, dziko anali kubisala bin othodwa. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha nkhondo US. Atagwa wa Taliban boma anapanga lamakono - Republic Chisilamu la Afghanistan.

The Civil nkhondo ikupitirizabe.

Afghanistan Population: mwachidule

Taona kale, mbiri ya dziko lino sikunali kophweka. dera onse padziko lonse amalankhula vuto Afghanistan, ndi anthu anapanga pa nkhondo mosalekeza.

Amene mu dziko lino malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana anthu anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 30. anthu Afghanistan ndi bwino urbanized. M'mudzimo amapanga 80%. Kulemba ndi otsika. Kuliwerenga 45% ya anthu ndi% 15 okha akazi.

Afghanistan amakhalabe dziko underdeveloped lero. Ngakhale kuti mkazi aliyense chibala avareji ana 6, imfa khanda ndi yayikulu kwambiri mdziko. Moyo amayembekezeka si upambana zaka 45.

Pashtuns

Boma la Afghanistan palibe yosiyanasiyana homogeneity. Anthu ochuluka kuposa - Pashtuns. Anthu ambiri a mtundu uwu amakhala ku India, monga Afghanistan, kumene iwo ali kutsogolera mtundu gulu, moyo 30 okha% ya chiwerengero cha anthu. Chilankhulo Chipashito m'dziko la gulu aku Iran.

Pa nkhope ya Pashtuns ano anasonyeza mbiri yakale wa Afghanistan. Ndani pakati pawo kugawanikana amphamvu kwambiri pa maziko a mafuko.

Nthawi khalidwe chikhalidwe Pashtunwali Code. Malamulo a Bungwe la kawirikawiri zikutsutsana Sharia. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la chisilamu limati pofuna kutsimikizira mfundo za kusintha zofunika mboni zinayi, ndi malamulo Pashtun nokha ndinu mphekesera zokwanira. Mkazi kuletsedwa kutenga katundu ndi chuma, ngakhale Sharia izo kuika theka la chuma m'banja. Malamulo achiSilamu amaletsa magazi wosamwerana madzi, ndi Pashtunwali amalankhula mwachindunji za kufunika kwake.

anthu awa kutsatira Sunni Islam. Taliban ntchito kwakukulu Baibulo wake.

Tajiks

Tajiks amapanga pafupifupi 30% (malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana) anthu Afghanistan. Chiwerengero zovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha nyengo yake ndi misa kusamuka panthawi ya nkhondo.

Tajiks, Pashtuns isiyana makamaka kudzipereka kwa nthambi Shiite wa Islam. Ntchito miyambo ya anthu awa - ulimi. Banja amasunga zotsalira za magulu wakale mafuko. njira pachikhalidwe wa umutu wa moyo.

Uzbeks

Ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu Turkey ankalankhula Afghanistan. Mndandanda walunjika ndi Uzbeks. Ntchito yaikulu ya Uzbeks - ulimi.

Mu malo yaying'ono okhala sukulu unakhazikitsidwa amene kuphunzira chikuchitika mu chiyankhulo cha Amalawi.

Pamodzi Pashtuns ndi Tajiks, Uzbeks ali mbali ya malo umodzi aku Iran chikhalidwe.

mitundu ina

Afghanistan ndipo litadzala ndi anthu ena. Chochititsa chidwi chiwerengero cha anthu Turkic.

Ndi pafupifupi 3 miliyoni Hazaras. Izi anthu aku Iran aku Iran ndi Mongolian chiyambi. Iwo Muslim Shiite.

Sunnis ndi Pasha'i - anthu ang'ono (pali 100 zikwi). Ntchito miyambo ya anthu awa - ulimi.

Mu kumpoto aimaq anthu amakhala - gulu la mafuko, theka-woyendayendawu. Iwo amakhala mu ntchito kwenikweni m'dera ulimi. Iwo amakhala likuvutika ng'ombe.

Turkmens kukhala m'madera malire a Turkmenistan. Pakuti moyo wa Afghanstan Turkmens mumapezera kuswana ziweto ndi kuluka makalapeti.

Nuristanis - kagulu ka mafuko, amene ali motalikitsa anasunga chipembedzo chachikunja. Kwa nthawi yaitali, maganizo kwa iwo anali mumanyozera wa bureaucracy m'deralo. Mu 2000s oyambirira Nuristanis ali m'chigawo chawo - Nuristan.

Apa ife kutchulidwa si anthu onse a Afghanistan. Anthu imakhala ya Pamirs, Brahui, gurjar, Kirghiz, Afshar ndi ena.

Chipembedzo ndi Society

Udindo wa Islam enshrined mu Afghanstan Constitution. Chiwerengero mu unyinji amati Islam. Ambiri a iwo kugawana tanthauzo la Sunni Islam, 15% ya okhulupirira Muslim - ndi Shiites.

Chikhristu Afghanistan amati alendo. Kwa nzika za dzikolo akatembenuka kwa Islam kuphedwa.

Ambiri mwa Indians anathawa Afghanistan chifukwa Taliban kuzunzidwa. Ahindu anakakamizika kuvala armbands wapadera dzina iwo si aslam ai. Akazi anakakamizika kuvala burqa.

Dziko ali Chisiki polojekitiyo Bach. anthu zikwi zingapo ankachita zikhulupiriro za makolo, koma chiwerengero chawo likunena ikuchepa.

zilankhulo

Zilankhulo imachitika zolembalemba - Chipashito ndi Dari.

Chipashito - ndi chinenero dziko la Pashtuns, amene ali gulu aku Iran. Dari - ndi chinenero cha Afghanstan Tajiks.

m'zinenero zambirimbiri ochepa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Bilingualism ndi multilingualism ndi ponseponse kwa anthu Afghanstan.

Vuto la akazi

Mu njira zambiri, moyo wa anthu watsimikiza ndi udindo wa akazi mu izo. Zoyesayesa woyamba zinapangidwa kuti kufewetsa malamulo m'ma XIX. Bwino kwambiri Kumasuka akazi zinachitika pa nthawi ya ulamuliro chikominisi ndi kukhalapo kwa asilikali a Soviet.

Kwa nthawi yaitali sanakhalitse. Wotchuka nkhanza za Taliban boma. Akazi sankaloledwa kupita popanda limodzi ndi wachibale wamwamuna. Popanda chophimba kuwonekera poyera zinali zoopsa. Atsikana ali ndi mwayi wochepa umene maphunziro. Akazi a Afghanistan sanathe kupeza ntchito panonso, kwathunthu anagwera mu kudalira pa anthu.

chithandizo analipo chifukwa chakuti mkazi akanakhoza kuchitira yekha dokotala wamkazi. Koma atsikana sankaloledwa ntchito. Imfa pobereka wakhala wamba.

Latsopano Afghanistan atagwa wa Taliban anayamba panjira liberalization. Kuuweruza mwayi wamaphunziro ndi ntchito. Koma onse si duwa.
Akazi Afghanistan ali makamaka osaphunzira. Sadziwa nkomwe zikalata abwino. 97% ya akazi sakudziwa nkomwe za kuli njira zakulera, 20% amadwala ndi kuchepekedwa thupi.

mmene chuma chikuyendera

Afghanistan ndi limodzi mwa mayiko osauka mu dziko. M'mayiko osauka sikutheka m'kagulu: chitukuko ndi patsogolo anasiya nkhondo.

Makampani ndi chimanga chosakhwima kwathunthu. Maziko a chuma - ulimi chikhalidwe. Kuyambira 1980s ndi boma la Afghanistan wakhala katundu yaikulu ya bongo poppy mu dziko. Chimaposa kugulitsa mankhwala amapanga oposa theka la ndalama anthu.

Kuchira mafakitale zovuta - nkhani ya nthawi.

Vuto la uchigawenga

Kuyambira mu 2003, mabungwe anazindikira Taliban monga bungwe zigawenga. Popeza anali kuugwira ambiri Afghanistan, ndi Taliban akhala akuchita zinthu zosonyeza mwamantha wa anthu.

Nthawi zambiri amakhala achinyamata ndi ana. Mu 2007, zigawenga anapha mnyamata. Iye analamulidwa ndi kuphunzira chinenero English.

Kusamuka ku Afghanistan

N'zochititsa chidwi utachepa anthu a dziko chifukwa cha nkhondo. Iwo chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu mu dziko, osati chifukwa cha nambala yaikulu akuvutika, komanso chifukwa cha kusamuka misa ku Afghanistan.

Chikhumbo chachikulu cha othawa Afghanstan - kupeza mtendere ndi bata, imene dziko lawo, iwo sangathe kulandira. Mwatsoka, m'mayiko ena osamukawo zambiri amapezeka mu mkhalidwe wonyozeka ndi nkhani tsankho pa malo mitundu ndi zipembedzo.