Acid mvula - asidi mvula ... zifukwa. Vuto la mvula asidi

Acid mvula ... Izi ndi Mau mu masiku ano, moyo makamaka m'matauni wakhala wamba. Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa akudandaula kuti pambuyo zosasangalatsa mpweya zomera ayamba kufota, ndi puddles kuoneka yochitidwa kapena chikasu ❖ kuyanika.

Kodi ichi

Science ali ndi yankho yotsimikizika funso lokhudza zimene ali ndi asidi mvula. Izi zonse kudziwika mitundu ya mpweya, amene amadzimadzi chizindikiro (pH) poyerekeza yachibadwa. The m'chigulugulu ndi pH 7. Ngati phunziro limasonyeza maseŵera a chithunzi ichi zakufa, iwo ankaona acidic. M'nkhani ya ikupita patsogolo pa Boom zonse mafakitale mvula acidity, matalala, chifunga ndi matalala ndi maulendo kuposa milingo yachibadwa.

zifukwa

Mobwerezabwereza, kusiya asidi mvula. Zifukwa kugona mu mpweya poizoni wa zomera mafakitale, galimoto utsi, pamlingo kwambiri wamng'ono - mu kuvunda kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mpweya umadzala sulfure ndi asafe oxides, mankhwala enaake hydrogen ndi mankhwala ena omwe amapanga acid. Chifukwa ali ndi asidi mvula.

Pali mpweya ndi wokhutira soda. Amati pamaso pa ayoni kashiamu kapena ammonia. Mawu akuti "asidi mvula" akhoza kubwera kwa iye. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kulowa m'madzi kapena m'nthaka, mvula oterewa kusintha kwa bwino madzi-maziko.

Kodi chimayambitsa mvula acidic

Palibe wabwino makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chilengedwe, ndithudi, si zikuphatikizapo. Kwambiri zoipa asidi mvula. Zimayambitsa imfa ya zomera pambuyo pa imfa ya mpweya bodza chakuti dziko zidulo ndi leached zinthu zambiri zothandiza, kuwonjezera, pali kuipitsidwa ndi zitsulo poopsa: zotayidwa, otsogolera ena. Zakhudzana m'dambo angakhale chifukwa cha kusintha ndi imfa ya nsomba m'mayiwewa, nthenda chitukuko cha zomera mitsinje ndi nyanja. Malo mwachizolowezi, iwonso zingawononge: Pamlingo waukulu zimathandiza kuwonongedwa kwa zipangizo zachilengedwe ❖ kuyanika, angakhale chifukwa inapita dzimbiri nyumba zitsulo.

Atalingaliranso khalidwe wamba zodabwitsazi mumlengalenga, tinganene kuti vuto la mvula asidi ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri mfundo chilengedwe view.

kafukufuku wa sayansi

Nkofunika, ndiponso pa chiwembu cha mankhwala kuwononga chilengedwe. Acid mvula - chifukwa cha zipolowe ambiri mu chilengedwe. Iwo anali ndi kuchepa mphamvu zoterozo mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX, pamene sayansi R. Smith la Great Britain unaululidwa mu nthunzi ndipo utsi zinthu Wowopsa, amene kwambiri mankhwala kusintha mvula chitsanzo. Komanso, asidi mvula - chodabwitsa okuta yaikulu m'dera, kaya gwero la kuipitsidwa. Wasayansi taonera ndi chiwonongeko kuti zinafuna m'dambo zakhudzana: matenda zomera, imfa ya mtundu wa nsalu, mofulumira kufala kwa dzimbiri ndi ena.

Akatswiri kwenikweni wosakanikirana ndi mtima mvula ngati acid. Chifukwa kwenikweni chisanu, chifunga, mitambo ndi matalala. Youma kuchepa kwa mvula mumlengalenga chinyezi kugwa pamene mpweya ndi fumbi.

amadza Anthropogenic pa chikhalidwe

Kufa nyanja, chepetse chiwerengero cha nsomba, nkhalango kutha - zotsatira zonse lowopsya la makutidwe ndi okosijeni achilengedwe. The dothi mu nkhalango si pafupifupi monga tcheru acidification, monga amatunga, koma mmene zomera zoipa za kusintha acidity. Ngati aerosol m'dambo zoipa kukulunga masamba ndi masingano paini, impregnated makungwa kudutsa nthaka. The zomera afika amayaka chikhalidwe mankhwala, kuzilala pang'onopang'ono ndi kutaya luso wopulumuka. nthaka wotaya chonde ndi kukhutitsa kukula chikhalidwe cha mankhwala poizoni.

chuma kwachilengedwenso

Pamene kafukufuku m'nyanja Germany, chinapezeka kuti amatunga pamene mlingo madzi kwambiri adasokera mwakale, nsomba mbisoweka. Only nthawi ndi ochepa okha nyanja anakhudzidwa.

cholowa mbiri

Invulnerable, zolengedwa zooneka ngati anthu kuvutika chifukwa mvula acid. Ancient Acropolis ili Greece, amadziwika padziko lonse contours ake amphamvu ziboliboli opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi. Century sanalekerere zipangizo chachilengedwe: zimasokoneza wolemekezeka anawonongedwa ndi mphepo ndi mvula, asidi mvula zina kwambiri ndondomeko imeneyi. Kubwezeretsa katswiri mbiri ya ambuye ano sanatenge miyeso kuteteza kugwirizana zitsulo ndi dzimbiri. Zotsatira zake zinali zakuti mvula asidi, chitsulo okusayidi, angakhale ming'alu chifukwa yaikulu mu mafano, nsangalabwi akuwaza chifukwa dzimbiri kuthamanga.

zipilala za chikhalidwe

The United Nations anayambitsa phunziro la zotsatira za mvula asidi cholowa chikhalidwe. M'kupita kwa izi zatsimikiziridwa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha zochita za mvula pa wokongola galasi mawindo othimbirira ya m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya Western. Zikwi galasi akuda pangozi kumira mu chisokonezeko. Iwo ndi kusangalatsa anthu kwa zaka za zana makumi awiri kwa mphamvu yake ndi apachiyambi, koma khumi zapitazi, thambo zinada mvula asidi, kuopseza kuwononga zazikulu zojambula othimbirira-galasi. Fumbi, sulfure zimalimbikitsa, akuwononga Zosayiwalika chikopa ndi pepala. mankhwala wakale mchikakamizo cha woipa sulfure kutaya luso lawo kukana kuti weathering, kukhala osalimba ndipo akhoza kutha mu fumbi posachedwa.

ecocatastrophe

Acid mvula - ichi ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa inali njira yopulumutsira anthu. Mwatsoka, zenizeni za moyo wamasiku ano amafuna kuwonjezeka akadali wamkulu wa mafakitale, amene kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha poizoni mpweya m'mlengalenga. Dziko ukuwonjezeka anthu, muyezo wa auka moyo, magalimoto akukhala kwambiri, kumwa mphamvu kuposa malire. Pankhaniyi yekha TPP Akuluakulu a ku Russia chaka kuipitsa matani mamiliyoni anhydride munali sulfure.

Acid mvula ndi dzenje ozoni

Mpweya umene dzenje si zochepa wamba ndi chifukwa nkhawa yaikulu kwambiri. Pofotokoza akamanena za zodabwitsazi, kuyenera kuti izi si kusiyana kwenikweni mumlengalenga envelopu, ndi kuphwanya makulidwe a ozoni, limene lili pafupifupi mu 8-15 Km from dziko lapansi mu stratosphere ndi chimafikira 50 Km. Limodzi Mpweya umene kwakukulukulu zimatenga zoipa ultraviolet poizoniyu dzuwa, kuteteza chilengedwe kuti dzikoli cheza wamphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake Mpweya umene dzenje ndi asidi mvula - mantha pa moyo wabwinobwino wa dzikoli, zofuna chidwi kwambiri mwamsanga.

Umphumphu wa wosanjikiza ozoni

Chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, akulowa mndandanda kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri anthu chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). peculiarity awo anali wosiyana bata, kusowa kwa fungo, combustibility, ziribe mphamvu poizoni. CFCs pang'onopang'ono ankagwira akuyendera ulimi wa mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana kuzirala (kwa galimoto zipatala), zozimitsira moto aerosol zolinga za m'banja.

Only kumapeto kwa theka lachiwiri la makumi awiri akatswiri m'ma Sherwood Rowland ndi Mario Molina, izo adapempha kuti chozizwitsa mankhwala, mwinamwake kudziwika monga Freon, ndi mphamvu pa wosanjikiza ozoni. Mu nkhani iyi, CFC akhoza "fungatirani" mu mlengalenga kwa zaka zambiri. Pang'onopang'ono kuuka kwa nthaka, iwo kuwafika stratosphere pamene dzuwa limakhala lamphamvu wawononga Freon mankhwala kumasuka chlorine maatomu. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi, Mpweya umene ali n'kukhala mpweya zambiri mofulumira kuposa m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa zachilengedwe.

Loopsa mayunitsi onse ayenera kusintha chlorine maatomu a masauzande mamolekyulu ozoni. Komanso, CFCs amaonedwa mpweya kuti alenge Kufunda ndi zinthu mu ndondomeko ya kusintha kwanyengo. M'pomveka kuwonjezera kuti chopereka kuwonongedwa kwa wosanjikiza Mpweya umene ndipo kumathandiza chilengedwe. Choncho, mipweya chiphala ali kuti mankhwala zana, kuphatikizapo chimasanduka. CFCs Natural amathandiza kuti kupatulira wa Mpweya umene munali wosanjikiza yogwira pa mitengo yonyamulira ya dziko.

Kodi tingatani?

Lodziwa kuopsa mvula asidi, sikuthandiza. Tsopano ku uchimo uliwonse boma, mu therere mafakitale choyamba ayenera kukhala wosamala kwambiri kuonetsetsa chiyero cha mlengalenga yozungulira.

Mu chimphona zomera Rossi monga "RUSAL", anakhala njira yofunika kwambiri nkhaniyi zisakuyenda bwino. Iwo sadzamlekerera zida unsembe wa Zosefera ano odalirika komanso maofesi kuyeretsa kuteteza ingress wa oxides m'mlengalenga ndi zitsulo zolemera.

Iwo ayamba ntchito njira zina apeza mphamvu popanda entailing mavuto. Mphepo ndi dzuwa mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, mu nyumba ndi galimoto) - izo si nkhambakamwa chabe, koma mchitidwe bwino kumathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya zoipa.

Kukula kwa nkhalango anabzala, kuyeretsa kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndi processing zolondola zinyalala - njira zonse zothandiza polimbana ndi kuipitsa.