Zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe, mbali kanukanu ndi makhalidwe a

Zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe ndi azimuth mapulani mu Russia mu zaka 19-20. Zinthu osakhala pano ndi miyambo ya zomangamanga ndi luso wowerengeka. Pamafunikanso angapo kum'mwera kwa magulu, kuphatikizapo Chirasha Byzantine ndi Wachiwiri-Russian malangizo.

The-zabodza Russian kalembedwe ali zambiri zinthu Anabwereka zomangamanga European ndi chikhalidwe. Tikhoza kunena kuti pali kokha dziko luso amajambulapo maluwa okongola. N'chifukwa chake kalembedwe ali ndi dzina.

zikamera

Mu zaka za m'ma 19, pamene kuyambira mafashoni kwa zolinga dziko ndi Inde, aluso ambiri ndi mapulani a Russia wasankha kulenga ena "maphatikizidwe" a mitundu akale wowerengeka, koma popanda nsembe amakono (nthawi imeneyo) patsogolo. Choncho, pali zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe. Chinali cholinga kutsitsimutsa wowerengeka luso la Russia kuti ntchito osati zidole yaing'ono, kapena ntchito luso, monga mipando, komanso mu ntchito zikuluzikulu.

Ndipotu, zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe ngati kulibe. Dzina limeneli ndi umasinthasintha. Chili angapo zinthu, nthawi zina ndi zolinga zotsutsana. Natenepa lero pali chisokonezo, pamene mapulani kuphatikiza ziwiri zosiyana kwathunthu mu mtundu uliwonse, mizere ndi maonekedwe a nyumba mu kalembedwe zoyerekeza-Russian.

Kusiyana zofunika kwambiri lagona makongoletsedwe lapansi. Zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe ndi kusintha kuti akhoza pamodzi ndi zizolowezi zina kamangidwe, kuphatikizapo Art Nouveau ndi romanticism.

chitukuko

Zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe zikuphatikizapo mumaganiza angapo. Iwo anaonekera monga akufotokozera:

1. Chirasha Byzantine. Anatuluka mu 1830s ndi chikhalidwe ichi chimagwiritsidwa kuchita ntchito yomanga nyumba Mkhristu achipembedzo (Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral, Ascension Cathedral, Grand Kremlin Palace).
2. Romanticism ndi Slavophilism. Ndipotu kalembedwe, amene anaonekera pang'ono kenako wina m'mbuyomu, alibe dzina. Koma bwanji kutchulidwa mumaganiza mapulani. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Pogodinskaya kanyumba.
3. Ropetovschina. malangizo pamaoneka 1870s, ndi oversaturated wamba wowerengeka chikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga (Terem, yosindikiza Mammoth). Ndi chifukwa ambiri chifukwa Kukwezeleza odziwika wotsutsa Stasov.
4. Official. Bellied mizati, frescoes ndi chokongoletsera dziko, kudenga otsika mu mawonekedwe a arches - makhalidwe onsewa malangizo. Komanso zathandiza miyambo ndi folklore. Zitsanzo - Upper Kusinthanitsa mizere, nyumba ya zakale Museum.
5. Neo-Russian. Iye amapezeka mu m'ma 20. Mapulani amakonda kuphweka aakulu kotero iwo kuphatikiza zinthu misewu ndi miyambo ya zomangamanga kumpoto wakale. Anthu ambiri aona kufanana ndi masiku (Church of Mpulumutsi wathu).

Posachedwapa anthu wosiyana kalembedwe Wachiwiri-Russian wa zoyerekeza-kuliona kuti ndi wodziimira mumaganiza mapulani. Koma pali anthu ena amene zimagwirizana pamodzi. Zdaniya zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe ndi inafalitsidwa mu dziko, kuphatikizapo madera akutali kwambiri a iwo.

Features maonekedwe

Monga mu dziko lina lililonse, Russia wakhala pobwereka nthawi. zolinga zosiyana ndi njira kuphunzira kuchokera ku Ulaya, mayiko East ndi West. Ndipo nthawi yafika kusowa zinthu dziko. Choncho, zoyerekeza-Russian wapamwamba ku Russia, komanso maonekedwe ake, tinganene kuti achilengedwe.

Features wa mumaganiza mapulani ndi m'njira zambiri. Ofala mitundu - beige, woyera ndi wofiira.

Mwina kudziŵika ndi luso kuphatikiza kalembedwe. Panalibe kusiyana achindunji. Izo zikhoza pamodzi ndi masitayilo ena ambiri monga Gothic, kapena zoyerekeza-modernity.

mbali khalidwe

Zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe pa zomangamanga ali kusiyana kwake, imene limanenedwa. mbali khalidwe Tingaone tebulo.

Nthawi ntchito yomanga chokongoletsera denga mu mawonekedwe a kupota cockerel kapena mbendera.

nyumba zambiri mu Russia kuti akupezeka masiku ano, njira kufotokoza ndi makhalidwe a zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe.

Pomaliza

Kumayambiriro 20 m'ma-zabodza Russian kalembedwe ndi ndodo kuti amange ziwalo pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kutha. The pamakoma a nyumba zambiri ndi turrets onse, mkulu denga, ndi mawindo ang'onoang'ono kaŵirikaŵiri amasiya kwa nyumba mapulani ndi maofesi utsogoleri.

Mwachitsanzo, holo yaikulu mu Duma, akumanga nthawi ya ulamuliro wa malangizo kale ikumangidwa ntchito zomwe watsopano pa zomangamanga ndi umisiri (ntchito zida, makina chachikulu). Zosowa nyumba amakono kukumana zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe. Kopita zomangamanga kusinthidwa. kalembedwe A mizu m'mbuyomu, anasiya kwambiri misewu ndi nyumba wapadera.