Wolemba Vera Panova. Wambiri Panova, Vera Fedorovna

Vera Panova kudziwika kwa owerenga Baibulo masiku ano makamaka ngati mphunzitsi ndi Sergei Dovlatov khalidwe. Lake mabuku lero sawerenga kwambiri. Mkazi Ndipotu - tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Soviet. Vera Panova - wolemba, amene mabuku adatikondera ndi owerenga ambiri, ndipo anthu ophunzira a m'nthawi ya Soviet Union.

Short kulenga yonena

Ntchito yake zikuphatikizapo zolembedwa, masewero, nkhani, mabuku. Iwo Vera Panova zikutipatsa mavuto ndi makhalidwe a m'nthawi yake. Iwo ri zamaganizo a maubwenzi ndi zilembo. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi nkhani "makina a mlengalenga" ndi "Serge" (ankalemekeza 1946 ndi 1955), komanso mabuku ena "Kruzhilikha" ndi "Zinayi Nyengo" (1947 ndi 1953). Iwo amalenga mu 1958 "chimatsogoleredwa buku", chomwe chinali chithunzi cha m'badwo wa 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Vera Panova - wopambana wa Stalin ndi USSR State Prize (katatu - mu 1947, 48 ndi zaka 50).

Banja of Faith Fedorovna

Iye anabadwa mu 1905, pa March 7 mumzinda wa Rostov pa-Don. Bambo wa wolemba tsogolo - losauka wamalonda, ndipo anadzakhala akauntanti wothandizira wa banki Rostov. Pamene Chikhulupiriro zaka 5 (mu 1910), iye anafa anamira Don. Chotero chikhulupiriro mayi, amene anali mphunzitsi nyimbo ndi ntchito, anali kulera ana awo pa wodzichepetsa malipiro kontorschitsy ndi mkazi wamasiye penshoni analandira ku banki.

Childhood Panova

Zovuta zinali zaka zoyambilira wotchuka lotsatira. Iwo akhala akufuna ndi umphawi. Koma Panova bwino moyo wa mabusa mzinda, ndipo moyo wa anthu wamba. Anali otsutsana zidindo ubwana wake. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, pamodzi ndi zojambula ndi zokongola mzinda chikondwerero cha Rostov, wolemba m'tsogolo ndipo anakumbukira tsiku ndi tsiku moyo zigawo. Iye anapeza mapeto a Russia wakale. The Civil nkhondo ndi October kuukira boma anagwedeza njira kabwerebwere wa moyo. ndi vicissitudes onse a nthawi ino yovuta, anayesedwa yokha ndi kukula. kangapo kusintha Mphamvu mu mzinda. Only pa chiyambi cha 1920, pamapeto pake anakhala Soviet.

Panova maphunziro pamaso pa utasintha Maphunziro 4 sukulu. Kupitiriza maphunziro anayenera anasiya chifukwa chosowa ndalama. Home mtsikana chinkhoswe kudzipatsa maphunziro. Iye kuwerenga kwambiri, kwambiri oyambirira anayamba kulemba ndakatulo.

Ntchito yoyamba

Panova Vera Fedorovna zaka 17 kusindikizidwa zonse m'manyuzipepala monga "Soviet South", "Achinyamata pa Don", "Labor Umayenda ya Don" ndi ena. Iye ofalitsidwa mogwirizana pseudonym V. Staroselskaya (dzina la wolemba mwamuna) ndi Vera Veltman zoseketsa zambiri anecdotes, nkhani, essays, m'makalata. Mu satirical yabwino izi kuchokera mu cholembera cha wolemba wamng'ono ( "Capital makalata," "mkuyu tsamba", "Mkulu wa Ansembe," "vetenale-Chernigov", "yosadziwika namatetule", "Atatu akutuluka"). mabuku amenewa anabweretsa Vera Panova woyamba kutchuka m'deralo. Iwo akhala pachabe, ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso, kusiya chophimba woonda nthabwala ndi wochenjera Izitu n'zovutitsa chomwe pambuyo adzakhalapo ambiri ntchito zake zotchuka.

Ankadziwa bwalo zolembalemba

Kwa zaka zambiri, utolankhani akhala lalikulu ntchito Panova. Kugwira izo, anakumana ndi Alexander Fadeyev, J. Hughes, B. Stavsky, N. Pogodin m'maofesi nyuzipepala. Tidafika ku Rostov A. Mariengof, Mayakovsky, Lunacharsky, S. Yesenin. Vera Panova ntchito mpaka m'ma 30 ntchentche mu magazini ana ndi manyuzipepala Rostov ( "Horn", "Moto", "adzukulu Lenin a").

Kusamukira ku Ukraine

M'nyengo yozizira 1934-1935, tsogolo la wolemba anatenga malo tsoka zinasintha. Pa milandu yabodza, anamangidwa B. Vakhtin, mwamuna wake wachiwiri. Poopa kuzunzidwa, Panova Vera Fedorovna anagwidwa ndi ana mu Ukraine, mu dera Poltava (m'mudzi Shishaki). Apa iye analemba ndakatulo za tsoka mu kulimbana wosiyana ndi Spanish Republicans Franco.

Drama Panova

Kunapezeka kuti chidwi amphamvu kwambiri sewero Vera Feodorovna. Iye anadziwonetsera mu ntchito yake luso. Pamene Vera Panova, yonena amene akambidwa m'nkhani ino, mu 1933 anasamukira ku Leningrad, anatenga kwambiri mavuto a bwalo lamasewera. The masewero a chisanadze nkhondo "Ilya Kosogor" ndi "Mu Moscow akale" (ankalemekeza - 1939 ndi 1940) Panov anatembenukira kwa zaka yapitayi ulimi - chifaniziro cha pakati kalasi njira ya moyo, anthu amene anapulumuka ndi zaka wotsatira. Mu Moscow, sewerolo anapita pa siteji mu 1940, motsogoleredwa ndi Yu.Zavadskogo. Iye adawafotokozera Leningrad Theatre. Pushkin nkhondo isanayambe (wotsogolera - Vivien L.).

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu moyo wa wolembayo

Panova Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anakumana m'tauni ya Pushkin, wapafupi Leningrad. Ndilibe nthawi kuchoka asanabwere wa ku Germany Vera Panova. Wambiri ya wolemba mu nthawi ya nkhondo akufotokozera motere. Ndi mwana (mu Ukraine, Sisaki, anakhalabe ana awiri) Panova anafika ndi vuto lalikulu ku mudzi Chiyukireniya. Kenako zidindo za njira iyi zikugwirizananso mu sewerolo amatchedwa "Mkuntho", komanso atsopano autobiographical buku ndi Vera Panova "Pa moyo wanga, mabuku ndi kuwerenga." M'gawo azikhala, m'mudzi wa Vera dzanja anayamba kuona kuya kwa anthu tsoka. Ku yesero ili, unaturuka mwamakhalidwe anaumitsa, wodzala ndi nzeru zatsopano.

Kusamukira ku Perm, nkhani "makina a mlengalenga"

Panova anakwanitsa mapeto a 1943 kusamukira ku Ukraine kuti Perm. Mzinda umenewu unathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wake monga izo ziri apa, mu mawu a mmodzi wa manyuzipepala, iye anapatsidwa ntchito kupita ngati mtolankhani pa sitima kuchipatala kuti kulemba kabuku kuyenda pa zotsatira za zinachitikira ndodo. Choncho nkhani "makina a mlengalenga" unakhazikitsidwa mu 1946, ndi umodzi wa ntchito yabwino ya wolemba, anakhala tingachipeze powerenga za mabuku a nthawi ya Soviet. Kenako Panova anatenga Union of Soviet Writers.

Nkhani anakhala mokweza kumverera mu dziko mabuku. Zinali bwino yaikulu owerenga. Mu mankhwala - zoona zokhazokha, ngakhale dontho la chinyengo. Panova chaka chimodzi kuti kupereka wa Stalin Prize - chizindikiro cha kuzindikira pagulu. "Makina a mlengalenga," monga amadziwika, anayamikira Stalin yekha. Ndi Panova bwino anabwera ndi mochedwa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la wolemba zonse Union ankachita pamene iye anali kale mu makumi anai ake.

Vera Panova, chithunzi amene timalandira pachiyambi, nkhani uyu anatha kulenga yaing'ono koma chidwi zikutipatsa m'nkhaniyi. Mitu osiyana Amakonda ngwazi, "Yulia Dmitrieva," "Dr. Belov," "Lena", "Daniel". "Makina a mlengalenga" kumanga nyumba - unyolo wa nkhani chithunzi lalifupi kulenga wosaoneka kwa wowerenga-ang'ono, kwathunthu luso ntchito.

"Evdokia"

Mu 1945, wolemba Vera Panova analenga nkhani choyamba - "Banja Pie Plommer" ( "Evdokia" monga kukonzedwa mu 1959). "Evdokia" Panova anali wofunitsitsa kuganizira kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake lenileni mu mabuku kuyambira nthawi yoyamba analemba m'njira ake mwachizolowezi.

"Kruzhilikha"

Roma "Kruzhilikha" kuchokera mu 1947. Iye akufotokoza nkhani ya anthu a Ural nkhondo fakitale. "Kruzhilikha" - buku za mudzi ntchito otchedwa Motovilikha. Waukulu mankhwala a nkhondo udzachitika pakati Listopad, mkulu wa fakitale, ndi Uzdechkin, mtsogoleri ogwira ncthito. Iye ali, mosiyana kwambiri ntchito zina a mtundu wanyimbo a "kupanga" Kunena, mu dera makhalidwe. Ndi mbali iyi "Kruzhilikha" linachititsa maganizo ndi kukayika kwambiri pa zokambirana zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, wolemba Vera Panova ntchito imeneyi wakwaniritsadi yokha: nthawi zonse okondwa ndi chidwi pa nkhani ya makhalidwe abwino. Kuyambira makhalidwe yofunika ya anthu chimadalira pa zonse "mafakitale".

ntchito zina

Panova, Vera Fedorovna, mbiri yomwe ife tiri chidwi zaka, amalenga angapo Kunena nkhani yochepa: "Bright gombe", "chimatsogoleredwa Romance", "Nyengo" (ankalemekeza - 1949, 1958 ndi 1953).

Nkhani "Sergei," lolembedwa mu 1955 ode kuti mndandanda wa ntchito za ana anga kuti: "Anyamata ndi Bakuman", "Vladimir", "Val" ndi ena.

A chophimba anatengera "Sergei"

Izi nkhani wamng'onoyo chidwi cha Igor Talankin ndi Georgy Danelia, achinyamata filimu atsogoleri. Iwo akupereka wolemba nawo polenga script. bwino loti anali eponymous filimu. Iye anafika mu Karlovy Siyanitsani Mayiko Film Chikondwerero, Grand Prix. Choncho ophatikizidwa mu prose Panova mafilimu a kanema m'firiji pamtunda, monga lili pakati pa moyo wa munthu, osati boma makina.

Ntchito pa mitu mbiri

Wolemba Panova zisakuyenda anayamba kulenga ntchito pa mitu mbiri. Iye analemba nkhani yochepa zoyenera Russia wakale, Ivanu Groznomu, nthawi ya mavuto. Iwo zinasindikizidwa mu lofalitsidwa mu 1966 buku lotchedwa "Nkhope ya m'bandakucha." Malinga ndi wolemba, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito "njira zithunzi" mu zithunzi zakale ndi zojambula. Panorama nkhani inkakhala zidutswa munthu zakale. Analogs ndi wodzala allusions kuti ntchito zimenezi. Wolemba anakankhira owerenga kuganizira, m'mafanizo. Mutu chachikulu chinali vuto la anthu ndi boma, nkhanza ndi udindo mtundu ndi boma. Panova buku lomaliza lofalitsidwa mu 1975, pambuyo pa imfa yake. Iyo imatchedwa "Pa moyo wanga, mabuku ndi kuwerenga."

Linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri za ntchito yaikulu ya Vera Panova.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pambuyo nawo Congress la Soviet Writers, m'chilimwe cha 1967, Panova anabwerera ku Leningrad ku Moscow watopa kwambiri komabe anapitiriza ntchito. Anatsimikizira mavuto adzaoneni: wolemba sitiroko, kumene moyo wake wonse akhoza kudzuka. Koma matenda awa zinada zambiri iye anasonyeza kwambiri mphamvu ya chifuniro ndipo anapitiriza ntchito.

Wolemba Panova Vera Fedorovna kulenga masewero latsopano, zojambulajambula yonena za Muhammad (mneneri), ankapenta mbiri. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino zinalembedwa masamba ena a Maulendo prose.

Ankadziwa Sergei Dovlatov

Sergei Dovlatov ankakhala m'nyumba imodzi ndi wolemba. Iye anali railer munthu. khalidwe lake, chirichonse chimene iye analemba za munthu, onetsetsani yomweyo kukhala opambana si zosangalatsa azithunzithunzi zisudzo. Vera Panova ankadziwa Dovlatov. Anagwira ntchito mochedwa '60s mlembi zolembalemba kuti wolemba. Panova mu masamba a prose chimake wake wa malamulo abwino. Osati mmodzi mawu oipa zinanenedwa zokhudza izo. Ichi ndi chokhacho zabwino khalidwe zonse ntchito Dovlatov.

imfa Panova

Vera F. anamwalira mu 1973, 3 March. Wolemba m'manda ku Leningrad, mu manda ku Komarovo.

Pa wapakamwa a nyumba, yomwe ili ndi Champ de A Mars, 7, ndi mwambo lubwe zolengeza amene anena kuti kuyambira mu 1948 mpaka 1970, ntchito pano ndi moyo Vera Fedorovna Panova. Pokumbukira wolemba izo chikutchedwa imodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri Leningrad.