Volapuk ndichinenero chofikira komanso chakufa

Masiku ano, osati munthu wophweka komanso wophunzira kwambiri amadziwa bwino mawu akuti "volapuk." Mau osamveka ndi achinsinsi ochokera ku Germany kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndipo adadziwika ngati chilankhulidwe chodziwika bwino. Chinayankhulidwa ndi kulembedwa ndi anthu apamwamba padziko lapansi, omwe amaphatikizapo madokotala, akatswiri a zamulungu, olemba ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo.

Wolemba wa chilankhulochi

Motero, Volapuk ndi chinenero cha padziko lonse chimene chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1879 ndi wansembe wachikatolika wa ku Germany dzina lake Johann Martin Schleiere. Mwezi wa May chaka chino ku Bavarian gawo lopambana kwambiri la nyuzipepala linatuluka, koma monga zowonjezereka ntchito yonse yatsatira. Ilo linali ndi galamala, morphological ndi zina zambiri za chilankhulo chodziwika bwino chomwe chinapangidwira anthu ophunzira padziko lonse lapansi. Patapita chaka, Schleiher anatulutsa buku lomwe linatchedwa "Volapuk - chinenero cha dziko lapansi." Chaka china chadutsa, ndipo nyuzipepalayi inayamba kusindikizidwa m'chinenero chatsopanocho komanso chosadziwika, ndipo kenako msonkhano woyamba wa mayiko wadziko lonse unachitikira.

Zaka zotchuka

Pafupifupi mu 1884 ku Ulaya konse, komanso mbali ina ku America komanso m'mayiko apamwamba a ku Asia, Volapuk ndi chinenero chodziwika kwambiri komanso chophunzira. Magazini ambiri ndi nyuzipepala zimasindikizidwa, zimaphunzira mu maphunziro, sukulu ndi masunivesite. Asayansi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito volopyuk muzolemba zawo ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Nkhaniyi inalembedwanso pamene chinenero chopangidwa moyenera chinabadwira kwa munthuyo. Ndi za mwana wa katswiri wa ku Volapuk wa ku Germany, dzina lake Henry Kone, yemwe bambo ake analankhula naye kuchokera ku chinenero chomwe chinamugwiritsira ntchito. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1890, dziko lonse la sayansi silinagwiritsidwe ntchito powerenga volapuk, komanso chifukwa chake limagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Maziko a chinenerocho

Takhazikitsa kale kuti Volapuk ndi chilankhulo chodziwika, koma kodi ndi chifukwa chanji chomwe chinayambira? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi wolemba wake - wansembe yemwe anali mbadwa ya Germany, chotero, analankhula Chijeremani moyo wake wonse. Cholinga chake chinali kupanga chiwonetsero cha kulankhula ndi kulembera kwake, komabe kusintha kwake, komwe, poganiza kwake, kungakhale kosavuta kujambula. Zilembozo zinali zochokera ku Chilatini, zowonjezeredwa ndi ma volo angapo osakhalako. Malemba omwe ali ndi mawu omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'zinenero za banja la Chiromano ndi Chijeremani, koma mizu yawo yasinthidwa mopanda kuzindikira. Ndikofunika kunena mwamsanga kuti wolankhula chinenero cha Chijeremani ku Volapuk anachotsa zinthu zake zonse zonyenga, komanso, anachulukira ndipo anawonekera kwambiri komanso ovuta. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi mawu otalika, opangidwa ndi magawo atatu kapena anayi.

Kodi chinenerochi chinali chophweka bwanji?

Poyamba, nthawi zonse zinkawoneka kuti chilankhulo-ichi ndi chinenero chophweka, ndi kosavuta kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbali zina, ndithudi, zinali zokondweretsa kwambiri:

• Panalibe zolemba zovuta.
• Panalibenso chinthu ngati chiwerengero chawiri (icho chimapezeka kokha mu Chirasha ndi Chiarabu).
• Panalibe mawu osamveka.
• Nthaŵi zonse vutoli linali lokhazikika.

Tinganene kuti zida za Volapuka zatha pamenepo. Zomwe aliyense anapeza kuti ayesere kuziphunzira mtsogolomu ziri ngati mndandanda wa zovuta zonse za German, Chingerezi, Chisipanishi komanso zilankhulo za Chirasha, zowonjezeredwa ndi mitundu yowonongeka.

Kutchuka

Kwa zaka zambiri, wojambula zithunzi wa Volapuk anali Auguste Kerkhoffs, yemwe, atafufuza chinenerochi, anazindikira zolakwa zake zonse. Pofotokoza za chiopsezo cha wolemba - Martin Sheleier, adatsutsa zomwe adachitazo. Wansembeyo anaumirira kuti chinenerochi ndicho ubongo wake, momwe palibe chosinthika. Nkhondoyi inachititsa kuti pakhale magawano ena, pamene olemba ambiri a Volapuk analowa m'zinenero zina - Chidziwitso Chosafuna Kumvera ndi Chiesperanto. Mwa njira, mawonekedwe a chinenero chotsiriza mu 1887 anawonjezera mkhalidwe wa Volapuk. Chiesperanto chinali chophweka mosavuta ndi grammatically, mmenemo mawu onse anali ozindikira komanso ophweka.

Tsopano Volapuk ndi chilankhulo chakufa, chimene ngakhale nyuzipepala zamasayansi ndi zamabuku zinsinsi kwambiri sizikufalitsanso. Sali kuphunzira pa philological faculties, sichiphunzitsidwa mu maphunziro apamwamba.