Unsembe wa formwork: luso malangizo

Imodzi mwa magawo loyamba la ntchito yomanga nyumba zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndi unsembe wa formwork lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko adakali opanda chidwi moyenera. Koma kale pa siteji ya pokonzekera kuthira, n'zoonekeratu kuti si zonse kosavuta monga kuganizira poyamba. Kudzisonkhanitsa chimango kuthandiza kutsogolera unsembe wa formwork.

mitundu ya formwork

Pali mitundu itatu ya nyumba:

• Detachable amene ankaiphwasula pambuyo kuyanika wathunthu wa njira. Ndi chotero formwork mbali zosiyana. Chifukwa ndi dongosolo collapsible sipangakhalenso anawachotsa ndipo reused. Mwa ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa formwork kumasulidwa unsembe zosavuta, akhoza reused, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama ndalama yomanga.

• Zochotseka, motero, amene sapereka ankaiphwasula. Dongosolo la formwork wa mtundu uwu kubala makamaka a kukodzedwa polystyrene kapena thovu. Ikhala mbali ya kapangidwe inaimika. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo akutumikira monga chotenthetsera a.

• "Zoyandama" Ndi mmene formwork yomanga ya maziko monolithic, umene kumizidwa mu nthaka. Iwo anasonkhana ku matabwa chishango kutalika pang'ono pamwamba zomangamanga akufuna konkire. chishango ndi adatchithisira m'dzenje ndipo ananamizira kuti makoma ake. Nakunkhumizira pamwamba pa makatoni kapena zinthu denga.

Ndalama komanso mitundu ingapo malingana cholinga:

• Wall formwork. Ogwiritsa iwo anachita kumangira nyumba ofukula ndi mpanda.

• Yopingasa, umene ntchito yoika maziko ndi simenti.

• The yokhota kumapeto, amene amalola inu lembani mfundo mosiyanasiyana yachilendo.

Kuuluka ndi dismounting wa formwork aliyense mtundu uli makhalidwe yake. Afunika adziwe kuti khalidwe la ntchito.

Ubwino shuttering okhazikika

Unsembe wa formwork okhazikika ikukhudza kupeza ndi zida okonzekera ntchito. Tikhonza kusonkhanitsa kapangidwe ndi kubala unsembe wake. Izi zikutanthauza m'njira zambiri kuti mtundu uwu wa formwork:

• lalifupi kutembenuza nthawi;

• zosavuta unsembe;

• opepuka kukonzedwa

• kukana kuti yatsoka nkhungu ndi cinoni;

• chitetezo moto;

• mtengo wotsika.

Komanso, formwork okhazikika ndi onse wosanjikiza kutchinjiriza ndi nyumba ya thovu kuti mosavuta olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pamene khoma mkati ndi n'kakang'ono kuposa kunja kwa. Izi amakwaniritsa mkulu mlingo wa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe.

Kumangidwa kwa shuttering okhazikika

Unsembe wa makoma formwork mwa midadada atathana mosavuta kwambiri kuposa njira za makolo.

Amayamba ntchito ndi kukonzekera malo, kuika kumatira wosanjikiza. Kungoika pa midadada maziko pamaziko a njerwa ndi (ndi kuchepetsa mafupa). Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (chinthu chimodzimodzi) dongosolo la.

Kuyamba ndi mzere umodzi wokha wa midadada zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo zolimba zina (alipo). Pakuti ichi pali grooves wapadera. Armature chikugwirizana pakati pa waya choimirira. Momwemo anaika mndandanda zotsatirazi.

Midadada ali wokwera pakati kugwirizana mipata yosavuta wapadera ndi pang'ono kukanikiza. Yambani kudzaza matope konkire kale pa Mzere wachitatu wa atilakwira.

Mu ndondomekoyi, pali ina chinsinsi chaching'ono. Makoma adzakhala chodalirika ngati zimfundo zigawo za njira akhala pakati pa chipika. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mzere pamwamba watsirizika theka.

Features wa formwork zochotseka

mfundo formwork msonkhano tione chitsanzo cha zochotseka kapangidwe collapsible. Mtundu nthawi zambiri ikuchitika popanda thandizo la eni ziwembu za omanga akatswiri.

Unsembe wa formwork wapangidwa ku matabwa, zitsulo, mapepala plywood ndi nkhuni zina. Chinthu chachikulu ndi mbale awa anali yosalala. Ntchito yonse imayamba ndi kukonzekera malo. malo ayenera kukhala mfulu kwathunthu kwa zinthu zakunja, zinyalala ndi zina zotero. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi timitengo chinali ngodya ya nyumba tikukonza. Iwo adzakhala maziko kumene ena miyezo ya adzachitidwa. Malinga ndi kukula kwake pakati pa zitsulo kupita chikopa casing.

Latha mapanelo ndi kuliika kwa mipiringidzo okhota ntchito zomangira kapena misomali. Yolusa ayenera kukhala odalirika. Pamene kuwonjezera kuthamanga konkire zingawonjezere kwa chikopa, tingayambe akulimbana za matabwa. Chinthu chachikulu kuti iye anasiya bala kuchokera kunja. Mu yomweyi, kapangidwe anasonkhana ati mzere wina pa mtunda wa khoma m'tsogolo. Chifukwa, muyenera kupeza chimango padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa.

Mu bokosi yomalizidwa ladzala casing wosanjikiza miyala kapena mchenga. njira amateteza ku imfa chinyezi amene adzapita pansi. Formwork ogwiritsa zipangizo zamakono amapereka chitetezo cha chishango matabwa ndi kutayikira wa njira kudzera maenje alipo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, matabwa okutidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena denga chuma, omwe ananamizira ndi zomangira kapena zakudya zamtundu ndi stapler a.

ntchito zonse ayenera idzachitika kutenga nkhani mlingo. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji, ndi evenness kutsimikizidwa kapangidwe kutalika, kutalika ndi ofukula (chofunika). Awiri mizere ya matabwa apite mosamalitsa kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake.

zofunika za formwork

The formwork zochotseka, zomwe ati nazo, imakhala zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Sitimayo amene ali lathyathyathya chishango, imene imagwiritsidwa mpanda wonse. Kapangidwe kuyenera kukhala kwamphamvu kupirira kuthamanga madzimadzi. Choncho, unapangidwa plywood kapena edging matabwa makulidwe a 4-5 cm.

• Nkhalango, amene ndiwo maziko dongosolo. Iwo amagwira makoma, osalola njira Finyani kunja sitimayo. Pangani nkhalango ku matabwa paini kapena zitsulo (2.5-5 cm).

• Fasteners - zinthu zonse zimene zinthu zonse anapotoza kapangidwe: waya, tatifupi, ubwenzi, hardware ndi zina zotero.

Sitimayo zambiri asonkha 15 masentimita matabwa lonse ogwirizana mu mndandanda angapo ntchito misomali (lotengeka ku mkati, kunja yokhota kumapeto) kapena zomangira (iwo akusintha mkati). Mtunda pakati pa matabwa ayenera musalumphe mamilimita 3. Olimba angongole pamodzi ndi slats zina.

A chosavuta zosinthika yonama sitimayo - ntchito wandiweyani madzi plywood 1.8-2.1 cm.

khazikitsa formwork

chimango The adzaikidwa molunjika ndi mlingo, ngati sanakonzekere pasadakhale malo osewerera. chizindikiro Chake ntchito anatambasula pakati zitalizitali zingwe. Backfilled ndi ting'onoting'ono basi mchenga khushoni. Ngati ndi kotheka, wokonzedwera dzenje.

Unsembe wa formwork kumachitika mu ndondomeko izi:

• Wozungulira ayenera tisonyezeni atsogoleri ofukula (mipiringidzo matabwa, kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zitsulo kapena mipope).

• Malinga ndi namulondola mukufuna zishango wokonzeka, kusunga mtunda zofunika pakati pawo (ndi wofanana ndi makulidwe chofunika ya maziko).

• Kambani kukonza sitimayo. Limbikitse ake akunja mbali mumbali mipiringidzo (1 canting sitimayo pa mita).

• Kulumikiza zishango cholukanalukana mipiringidzo 5x5 cm.

• Mkati mwa casing akuika filimu (chuma denga).

Maziko msinkhu ndi masentimita 20 sanafune kuti kapangidwe lalikulu. Okwanira lotengeka ku zitsulo pansi.

Unsembe wa pakhoma formwork

kovuta kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya kumanga mpanda formwork. Choncho olekanitsidwa ndi Large-ang'ono-gulu formwork.

Njira yoyamba ndi oyenera pa ntchito yomanga nyumba yaing'ono (zing'onozing'ono, nyumba banja) ndi partitions pakati zipinda. Pankhaniyi, ntchito kukula ka matabwa plywood.

Unsembe wa Large-pamwamba shuttering lililonse kwa yomanga nyumba ndi msinkhu waukulu. Ntchito ntchito pepala chitsulo kapena mapepala lalikulu plywood.

Pakuti unsembe wa makoma maziko kukonzekera, imene vavu munakhala. Pa iye wolandira awiri mzere chimango formwork. Pamene ntchito plywood wamba, mafupa odula ndi zomatira kapena sealant. Panopa pa msika pali wapadera formwork plywood. Mapepala munthu olumikiza pa "munga-poyambira" kuti sikutanthauza kusindikiza zina.

mitundu ya zimalowana

Unsembe wa denga formwork zimatengera mtundu wa denga. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya nyumba:

• Pa buku mbale zolowa. Izo ntchito nyumba ndi msinkhu waukulu. Amagwiritsa ntchito poyimitsa umodzi, jacks, mayikidwe, girders ndi zinthu zina kulumikiza mbali payekha.

• Pa nkhalango klinochnyh, amene ntchito nyumba mkulu-nyamuka. M'malo mapanelo plywood anaika katawala.

• Pa nkhalango chikho mtundu. Mtundu wa unsembe amapereka chimango lapansi. Poyimitsa ndi inakula mbale njira.

• Telescopic mbale. Oyenera pa nthawi imene kutalika alipo ndi zosakwana 4.6 m. Bukuli lili ndi miyendo itatu zothandiza dongosolo lonse. Pamwamba mapanelo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ya plywood madzi.

slab Formwork

Panopa zambiri ntchito monolithic denga. Chitsanzo ake shuttering disassemble ndondomeko msonkhano.

Formwork ntchito zoongoka cholukanalukana ndi akapichi. Iwo amagwira ku kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ufulu zigwiriro, akuthamanga mu njira yopingasa. Kumabala izi yopingasa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mapanelo wa plywood, amene ali pansi pa formwork lapansi.

Zipangizo kugwiritsidwa ntchito iyi:

• Imani - mipingiridzo ndi gawo mtanda wa 12-15 masentimita;

• deadbolt ndi mtanda mtanda - konsekonse bolodi m'lifupi 16-18 masentimita ndi makulidwe 5 cm;

• struts - bolodi makulidwe a 3 cm;

• yazokonza pansi - Madzi (laminated) plywood a makulidwe masentimita 1.8.

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha ntchito ndikofunikira kugwira kuwerengetsera yeniyeni. Nkofunika kudziwa chiwerengero cha posts, kusuntha malo awo ndi zinthu zina.

Unsembe malangizo slab formwork

Malangizo a ntchito ndi yokhudza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Pamwamba wa struts kotenga ndi kuliika mipiringidzo, mapeto chachiwiri chimene chili ku khoma.

• Mu njira yomweyo Mzere wachiwiri anasonkhana. Chifukwa chaichi, pansi pa bolodi thandizo aikidwa 5 cm wandiweyani.

• Zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo yopingasa mitanda ndi phula 60 cm.

• Ikani buckstays (vertically).

• Poyimitsa cholukanalukana struts.

• Mu mipiringidzo yopingasa zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mapepala plywood, osasiya mipata.

• Malekezero a alipo cha midadada kutetezedwa zomangamanga kapena njerwa.

• Ndi chimango cha zolimba. Pankhaniyi, ngati n'koyenera, kusiya malo kulankhulana.

Pamene ntchito chikachitika, mukhoza kudzazidwa ndi konkire. Chotsani formwork pambuyo masabata 3.

Pomaliza

Dongosolo la formwork aliyense zachilengedwe ntchito zipangizo zina. Ngati matabwa ntchito, iwo ayenera kukhala watsopano. Yoola bolodi lakale sakanakhoza kupirira mavuto ndi kusiya. Plywood ayenera kukhala madzi kapena laminated.

ntchito zonse chofunika kuchita malinga ndi kuwerengetsera za ntchitozo. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa unsembe wa pansi ndi mpanda formwork.