Ulamuliro wa boma

Ulamuliro wa demokalase ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito pakati pa maboma ena mu ndale. Ilo linadzuka kale lomwe ndipo kwenikweni limatanthauza "mphamvu za anthu". Popeza kutembenuzidwa kwa Political Aristotle mu 1260 ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "demokarase" kwa nthawi yoyamba, kutsutsana pa tanthauzo lake ndi zomwe bomali likuchita sizimasiya. Pogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha anthu, palinso kusinthika kumvetsetsa kwake.

Kotero, nthawi zakale, kuchokera mu zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, ulamuliro wa demokalase unamveketsedwa monga malamulo enieni a nzika omwe ankakhala mu ndondomeko ndi anthu angapo. Zinali zochokera pa chilakolako cha anthu kuti azikhala pamodzi, kupanga phindu kwa onse, kulemekeza ena. Zosankha zinapangidwa ndi anthu ambiri okhala mfulu (ndipo panalibenso oposa mmodzi mwa anthu mamiliyoni atatu). Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ulamuliro wakale wa demokalase unali ndi ziyeneretso zambiri: malo okhala, nzika ndi katundu. Kenaka demokalase inaonedwa kuti si yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa kwenikweni si nzika zomwe zili ndi chikhalidwe chochepa , koma olamulira. Demokarasi inapita mofulumira mu mphamvu ya khamulo, ndipo kenako inayamba kukhala nkhanza.

Lingaliro lotsatira liri lovomerezeka, kapena lachikale. Zinachitika panthawi imene mayiko a dziko lapansi amapanga, kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa malamulo, ndipo amadziwika ndi mgwirizano pakati pa malo atatu ndi akuluakulu. Gawo latsopano mu chitukuko cha lingaliro limeneli linayamba pambuyo pa Great Revolution French. Ulamuliro wa demokalase unayamba kuganiziridwa ndi iye kotero, umene umatsutsa utsogoleri, ufumu, ndipo umakhala ndi zolinga zamalonda ndi ndale. Panali kufunikira kukhazikitsa mgwirizano watsopano pakati pa nzika ndi akuluakulu, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi kukhazikika. Demokalase pa siteji iyi inali boma loimira, lomwe linasankhidwa ndi anthu olemera okha.

Pali kutanthauzira kwamakono kwa boma la demokarasi. Kusiyanasiyana kwa iwo kuli chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa mfundo imodzi ya kusanthula demokalase. Otsatira njira ya normative amakhulupirira kuti poyamba chitsanzo cha ulamuliro wa demokalase ndibwino, komabe, pakuchita izo amakakamizidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi zinthu zothandiza. Ndipo othandizira njira yofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane amakhulupirira kuti boma ndi mndandanda wa ndondomeko zandale, mfundo zomwe zasonyeza kuti zakhala zothandiza. Pankhani iyi, boma, limene anthu sakulikhulupirira, limalowetsedwa mwadzidzidzi popanda mtendere, mwamtendere.

Kumvetsetsa kwa chodabwitsa ichi kumadalira kwathunthu pa zomwe zigawo zake zimayang'ana pa olemba azinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Chidziwitso cha mayiko makumi atatu ndi asanu omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wa demokalase m'zochita zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zizindikiro zake:

1) Zolondola, kufalikira kwa onse. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa mu chisankho, pamene anthu amasankha oimira awo, ndipo omwewo amatenga zisankho zofunika kwa ovota. Ma TV, magulu achidwi ndi anthu odziimira akuyang'ana kuti atsimikizire kuti ulamuliro umene adavotera umachita ntchito zawo.

2) mpikisano. Izi ndizochitika zazikulu mu demokarase, pamene onse omwe ali ndi ufulu ali nawo ufulu wochita nawo mpikisano wokakamiza, kukakamira kuti akhale ndi ufulu woimira chifuniro cha anthu.

3) Kukhalapo kwa maphwando angapo andale, omwe amathandiza anthu kupanga chisankho chofunikira.

4) Ufulu, chikhalidwe ndi ndale za anthu.

Ulamuliro wa demokalase umakhala ndi chiopsezo pa zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasintha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mu mabungwe ogwirizana ndi bungwe lapamwamba, ndizogwirizana kwambiri pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi nzika.