Cinema India: mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi chitukuko

Ngakhale ngati inu sitinaonepo mafilimu Indian, mawu akuti "Bollywood" yomweyo imandikumbutsa zithunzi za chonyezimila, yowala ndi akuda mafilimu kuwomberedwa mu malo zosowa, kumene onse kuvina limaonetseratu ndi kuimba. Koma kodi mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha Indian mafilimu a kanema? Ndipo makampani ikukula kukhala mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri ndi ndalama yopindulitsa makampani a dziko?

Malonje

Akatswiri ambiri kusagwirizana pa tanthauzo lenileni la mawu akuti "Bollywood". Komabe, kufanana mu mawu ndi: "Bollywood" - Ichitu makampani filimu Mumbai, kumene filimu makamaka Hindi, ndi okondweretsa kuvina poyera ndi nyimbo. Zilibe kuphimba lonse makampani filimu India,% 20 okha a okwana dziko filimu kupanga. Bollywood - si mtundu wanyimbo film, ndi makampani ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mayendedwe.

Mbiri ya Indian mafilimu a kanema kunayamba m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Mu 1896, mafilimu zoyambirira anajambula ndi kuonetsedwa abale Lumière ku Mumbai (Bombay).

Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti pamene Harishchandra Sakharam lotchedwa "akadali chithunzi" analamula kamera ku England, kuti anapanga filimu "odziwa" minda atapachikidwa wa Mumbai. Zinali zophweka nkhondo umboni kuti posachedwapa anasonyeza 1899 ndipo anayamba kuonedwa woyamba "kusuntha" mafilimu makampani Indian filimu.

Cinema India: m'mbiri

Bambo wa Indian mafilimu a kanema imatengedwa Dadasaheda Falke, amene anamasulidwa yoyamba zonse kutalika filimu "Raja Harischandra" mu 1913. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba Indian filimu tikuonera London mu 1914. Chete chithunzi anali ndi wothawa malonda bwino.

Dadasahed sanali kokha sewerolo komanso Dayilekita, screenwriter, cinematographer, mkonzi, ndipo ngakhale kudzipangitsa mmwamba wojambula. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1913 mpaka 1918, ankayang'anira ndi kulamulira kuwombera 23 mafilimu.

Poyamba, chitukuko cha Indian mafilimu a kanema sizinkachitika komanso mofulumira mu Hollywood. Latsopano filimu makampani kupanga unayamba kuonekera mu 1920s ndi. Zojambula timakhulupirira m'nthano ndi mbiri yakale ndi nkhani ku Mahabharata ndi Ramayana, anayamba kukhala ndi mzimu mu 20s lapansi. Koma amaonetsa Indian kuposa kuwalandira zigaŵenga.

Kutha kwa "nthaŵi chete"

Woyamba Indian phokoso filimu "Alam Ara" anali ndisanabadwe ku Bombay mu 1931. Nyimbo wotsogolera pa m'ndandanda wa chithunzi ichi chinali Hirose Shah anatha kulemba nyimbo yoyamba "De De Khuda" ndi BM Khan. Cinema India "analowa" m'nyengo yatsopano.

Pambuyo pake, makampani akuluakulu filimu asankha kuonjezera Indian filimu kupanga. 328 zojambula anachotsedwa mu 1931. Izi katatu kuposa 1927 - 107 yaikulu. Panthawi imeneyi, komanso kuchuluka chiwerengero cha cinemas ndi zosonkhaniramo.

Kuyambira 1930 mpaka 1940, pa siteji, pali ambiri otchuka a Indian mafilimu a kanema: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, Basana, Nitin Bose ndi ena.

mafilimu dera

Nthawi imeneyi, sanali kokha otchuka Hindi mafilimu. Makampani dera filimu akugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chake. Woyamba Chibengali filimu "Nal Damyanti" ndi zisudzo Italy mu maudindo patsogolo, amaonetsa anaona mu 1917. Chithunzi anali Nditatsegula Dzhayotish Sarkar.

Mu 1919 iye anali kudziika wosayankhula South Indian filimu lotchedwa "kechak vadham".

Mu filimu "Kaliya Mardan" mwana wamkazi wa Dadasaheda Falke anali mwana woyamba wa "nyenyezi" imene anachita udindo wa mwana ndizina Krishna mu 1919.

Sound filimu Chibengali "Jamai Shashti" anaonetsa 1931 (opangidwa ndi "Theaters Madan").

Kupatula Chibengali ndi South Indian m'zinenero, mafilimu dera anayesetsanso mu malirime ena: Oriya, Chipunjabi, Chimarathi, Chiasamizi ndi ena. "Aethedzha Raja" anali woyamba Chimarathi filimu anapanga mu 1932. chithunzi unapangidwa mu Hindi ndi kukopa anthu kwambiri kuona.

Kubadwa kwa "m'nyengo yatsopano"

History of Cinema ku India ndi pafupifupi anayamba pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Kubadwa kwa mafakitale zamakono Indian filimu unachitikira mu 1947. Nthawiyi zinali zodzaza ndi kusinthika chidwi ndi ulemu waukulu kuwombera mafilimu. Wotchuka Opanga filimuyi Satyat Ray ndi Bimal Roy anapanga zojambula kuti anali pa nkhani kupulumuka ndi mavuto tsiku la anthu a kalasi m'munsi.

nkhani zakale ndi m'nthano anaphwa ku maziko, ndipo mafilimu chikhalidwe abwera kuti zilamulire mafakitale. Iwo zokhala ndi mfundo zochokera monga uhule, mitala ndi zinthu zina popanda chilolezo, amene ofalitsidwa mu India. Cinema ikusonyezedwa ndi kuletsedwa zinthu ngati zimenezi.

Mu 1960 otsogolera ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen ndi ena lolunjika pa mavuto enieni a anthu wamba. Angapo mafilimu odziwika anawomberedwa pa nkhani imeneyi, yomwe analola "podula ndi kagawo kakang'ono wapadera" makampani Indian filimu.

Pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi kaye "golide zaka" m'mbiri ya Indian mafilimu a kanema. Inali nthawi imeneyi anayamba kukula kutchuka kwa zisudzo: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rahman ndi ena.

Bollywood - ndi mpainiya "Masala" kanema

Mu 1970 filimu "Masala" zikuoneka mu Bollywood. Omvetsera chidwi ndi mesmerized ndi aura wa ochita ngati Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. Akukhulupirira kuti woyambitsa wa chilengedwe cha mafilimu Masala anali wotchuka ndi wopambana wotsogolera, Manmohan Desai. Iye zambiri ankanena kuti akufuna anthu kuiwala mavuto kwake, nalowa mu dziko la maloto, kumene kulibe umphawi.

"Shola" - ndi nzeru filimu motsogoleredwa ndi Ramesh Sippy, osati litavomereza lonse, koma ankagwiritsanso Amitabh Bachchan 'opsa.

Zingapo otsogolera wamkazi (Meera Nair, Aparna Sen) zasonyeza maluso awo mu 1980. Kodi tingatani kuiwala zodabwitsa ndi changwiro kinotvortse Rekha, amene anavula chodabwitsa filimu "Umrao Jaan" mu 1981?

Mu 1990s iwo unadzakhala zisudzo otchuka amenewa: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi ndi ena. akatswiri amenewa akufunafuna njira zatsopano kuti panali anayamba mafilimu a kanema a India. History sadzaiwala mu 2008, amene wakhala chosaiwalika kwa Bollywood - Rahman anapambana ndi Oscar mphoto ziwiri nyimbo yabwino ya kanema "Slumdog MILIYONEYA."

dziko

Kupitiriza ankadziwa Indian amaziona m'mafilimu ndi Dziwani kuti pali zinthu zinayi zofunika kuti kuthandiza kwambiri pano ubwenzi "India - ndi mafilimu a kanema" dziko, kufufuza, ndi Mitundu nyimbo. Tiyeni tikambirane bwinobwino zimenezi.

Pa siteji oyambirira a chitukuko cha makampani ambiri a kanjedza wamkulu wa Bollywood kusankha anapangidwa ntchito Hindi monga zikuluzikulu za mafilimu Indian. N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Ndithudi, India kulankhula m'zinenero, ndipo Hindi si ngakhale ambiri a iwo. Iye anakhala "mfumu" monga Hindi - masitolo chilankhulo akudziwa mbali yaikulu ya anthu.

khalidwe lina la mtundu umodzi mu Indian Bollywood filimu nyimbo Akasakaniza. Kuyambira pachiyambi, mingoli analenga mafilimu, anaphatikizapo Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana dziko.

Khalidwe lachitatu - ndi "dziko" mafilimu ku India, yomwe akwatireni Asilamu ndi Ahindu kapena Akhristu, ndipo anthu kuchokera makalasi osiyanasiyana Mokhumbira kwambiri mu moyo. Nkofunika kuti ambiri mwa anthu amene anayambitsa mafilimu Indian ankaona kuti chofunika makampani Indian filimu wakhala chinsinsi ufulu tsogolo la dziko ku Britain.

kufufuza

Pamene mafilimu a kanema a India linali kupitirirabe utsogoleri British, sikutheka kuti kulolerana nkhani zina mu makanema. Koma pambuyo dzikolo linalandira ufulu wodzilamulira ku Britain, kufufuza wabwera yofunika molimba kalembedwe mafilimu.

Kusonyeza kuti kugonana kunali koletsedwa ndipo aliyense egregious thupi kukhudzana (ngakhale nampsopsonetsa). Choncho, "thupi" khalidwe kwathunthu m'malo zinthu zimene wakhala ponseponse. Ankaloledwa kuwala kukhudza mapewa pakati otchuka awiri chikondi ndi posungira wa anthu pafupi wina ndi mnzake popanda kugwira. Kukambiranako ikusonyeza chipukuta misozi zomvetsa kugonana. Amaonetsa basi ayenera kuzolowera kumvetsa.

Mitundu

Mbiri ya Indian mafilimu a kanema (zosangalatsa za izo ndi anapereka m'munsimu) chimasonyeza kuti kufufuza kunathandiza kuti chilengedwe cha Mitundu angapo wapadera Bollywood. Kwa zaka zambiri, pamene panali nkhondo pakati pa India ndi Pakistan, mafilimu ankaletsedwa izo. Adani wosayesedwa monga mwa mayina awo.

A amadza yaikulu mafilimu kuthandiza Boma la dziko: akukhulupirira kuti kufunika anthu kusonyeza lokhalo limene kukhudza maganizo ake zandale ndiponso. Komanso, ngakhale malamulo womulera, amene ananena kuti anasonyeza chikhalidwe cha anthu a mafilimu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nyimbo zachikhalidwe cha North India.

Kuwada pakati pa boma ndi mafilimu mpaka 1998, pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo pa chitukuko osadalira pa mafakitale.

nyimbo

Music - izi ndi zimene amaonetsa ambiri wotchedwa khalidwe liwulo wa Bollywood mafilimu. Ndipo izi ndi zoona! Nyimbo wotsogolera (monga momwe akutchulidwira mu analemba Indian filimu) kwenikweni kuganizira kufunika nyimbo mafilimu, osati monga kuvomereza mfundo, iwo kuwachitira ulamuliro yosavuta yamphamvu.

Music - mbali yomweyo ya kanema, komanso zovala za. Chofunika, ndi nyimbo za Mlengi wa safuna kulimbikitsa zolengedwa awo. Iwo cholinga kukhala luso ulaliki wa nkhani ya omvera.

Home choonadi: a zisudzo mu filimu sitiyimba nyimbo, ndi asangalatsi lomwelo zikuimba mawu Anthu angapo. Komabe, India amati chosangalatsa awiri kuyang'ana ndi kumvetsera bwino wosewera woyimba ndiwotani.

Ovuta kwambiri ndiAmene wa kanema anawomberedwa nyimbo powonekera. Aliyense wotsogolera anali kuyesera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti filimu ndi nyimbo kanema. Iwo anakhala wotchuka kuti ngakhale lero 80% mafilimu onse Indian ndi anawomberedwa pa "kubwezeretsa ndi nyimbo chuma."

Chidwi mfundo kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya Indian mafilimu a kanema

mafilimu ku India - ndi makampani lapadera. Choncho, pali mbali zina zachilendo kwa ife. Tiyeni tione iwo:

1. Ndandanda Premier. Ambiri mafilimu otchuka asonyezedwa pa muyezo winawake. Mwachitsanzo, blockbusters chachikulu "anamasulidwa" yekha pa mwambo waukulu mu ulemu wa mapeto a Ramadani, ndi pa nyengo yopuma Cricket kokaonera mafilimu ngati "kufa."

2. "Izo zonse zidzafika ku banja." Cinema India m'mbiri yake, anafika cholinga chachikulu - kuika banja loyamba mu moyo wa munthu aliyense. Makampani filimu ya West kuti 'kudzitamanda "sindingakhoze.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood ali Baibulo yake ya mphoto - izo Filmfar Evords, zomwe ziribe mogwirizana ndi zokonda za omvera. Chofunika - pa mwambo ndi kupereka mphoto kwa "Best Game".

4. "kufanana mafilimu a kanema". mafani zambiri mafilimu Indian ali n'komwe kuti India osati kuchotsedwa chithunzi cha kuimba ndi kuvina. Ena Opanga filimuyi, lotchedwa "Opanga filimuyi yomweyi," chinkhoswe mu kujambula "kokaonera mafilimu kwambiri." Mwachitsanzo, mu 1998 Anabweranso filimu "Dil Se" kumene protagonist chimakamba za vuto ndale mu dziko.

Pomaliza

Cinema India (zithunzi ndi zithunzi zabwino ndi pamwambali) wakhala mbali ya moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kaya ndi filimu kapena chithunzi dera Bollywood. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mmadera athu. Ngakhale kuti "n'zosangalatsa" ndi kiyi mawu a Indian kokaonera mafilimu, nkhani ali zotsatira zopindulitsa pa malingaliro ndi kutsitsimuka kwa omvetsera.

Mu mbiri ya mafilimu Indian patsogolo kwa makamera bwino kuti njira kusintha. Zopangapanga pantchito anawonjezera zilandiridwenso wa Opanga filimuyi. Komabe, patsogolo sanathenso kuposa chikhalidwe cha India. Ndipo ndizo zabwino!