Tsatanetsatane yophiphiritsira ndi ... Zomwe zimachitika, maonekedwe, mafanizo ndi mafanizo

Mu sukulu iliyonse, m'maphunziro a mabuku, ana amaphunzitsidwa zomwe zimakhala zosiyana , zofanana, zofananitsa, zifaniziro. Izi ndizo tanthawuzo zoyambirira zophiphiritsira zomwe zimapanga chithunzithunzi cha zochitika zenizeni m'mabuku. Kukwanitsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziganizo izi kumatsimikizira kumvetsetsa molondola kwa malemba.

Chikhalidwe cha matanthauzidwe ophiphiritsira

Lingaliro lenileni lachinyengo likuneneratu kukhalapo kwa njira zina zomwe zimapangidwira zithunzi zomveka bwino, zopanga zojambulazo. Mu nyimbo izi zikumveka, mu kujambula - mitundu, mu ndakatulo ndi mawu - mawu.

Choncho, kufotokozera kwabwino kumatanthauza kufotokozera momveka bwino muzinthu zamatsenga, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe choonadi chenicheni chimalengedwa kuchokera m'mawu.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matanthauzo ophiphiritsira. Zowonjezereka ndizozimenezi, mafanizo, maonekedwe ndi mafanizidwe. Palinso maonekedwe ndi mavesi, anaphores ndi epiphores. Koma kuwagwiritsa ntchito kumakhala ndi tanthauzo lozama, ndipo sizothandiza kwenikweni pofufuza.

Tsatanetsatane

Njira zosavuta komanso zomveka bwino zojambula m'mabukuzi zimachokera. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse ndi kuwonjezera pazojambula ndi zosiyana.

Epithet ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira lomveka bwino, lomwe limasonyeza makhalidwe ena a fano limene akulongosola. Monga lamulo, iwo amafotokozedwa mothandizidwa ndi ziganizo: dzuwa lodziwika, nthawi yosasangalatsa, mfumu ya imvi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ziganizo sizikhala ngati epithet m'malemba ojambula. Mwachitsanzo: udzu wobiriwira ndi kutanthauzira kwabwino, zomwe sizipereka chithunzi chowonjezerapo. Udzu umakhala wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Koma udzu wotentha wamoto umakhalapo kale zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aziwona chithunzichi.

Ziphuphu zingakhale zamuyaya komanso zosasintha. Otsatizana amapezeka mu zojambulajambula: kavalo wakuda, mtsikana wofiira. Zosalongosoka - izi ndi zotsatira za nzeru zokha za olemba. Nthawi zina zochitika zoterezi sizinapezenso.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa moyo wosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku

Zolemba zamatsenga zimakonda kusonyeza zinthu zosakhala zamoyo kupyolera mwa kuwonekera kwawo. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kusanzira. Ndondomeko yotereyi ndi njira yowonjezeretsa zochitika zowonjezereka kuti zikhale zowonjezereka bwino: chisanu chikung'amba, mphepo ikulira, mitengo ikuimba.

Kulongosola kwa chilengedwe chopanda moyo, ngati kuti ndi moyo, kumatheketsa kufotokoza molondola chithunzi cha chenicheni chazithunzi. Apa njira yotsatira ikugwira ntchito: munthu amadziwa bwino maganizo ake, ngati amatha kumvetsa chisoni. Kuti izi zitheke, maphunziro amapatsidwa makhalidwe aumunthu.

Kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha zolemba zomwe zili m'malembawo, zimadalira zomwe mlembi akufuna kuzilandira. Ngati ntchito yonse yodzaza ndi tanthawuzo limeneli, limapereka chithunzi cha chithunzi chomwe sichichitika. Izi ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito zamaganizo komanso zamaganizo.

M'nthano, kutsanzira kumathandizanso kwambiri. Ana aang'ono amaphunzira dziko mosavuta ngati zilembo si anthu, koma chikhalidwe ndi chamoyo.

Yerekezerani kuti mumvetse bwino

Malingana ndi kuyerekezera zinthu zofanana kapena zosiyana, zithunzi imodzi yoonekera bwino imalengedwa. Kuyerekezera ndi chilengedwe cha chithunzi cha dziko lapansi, chomwe chimatsutsana ndi chiyambi cha chinthu chimodzi, mikhalidwe yachiwiri imaonekera. Mawu odziwika bwino - "Mbalame yoyera pansi pawindo langa ili ndi chipale chofewa, ngati siliva" - idzakhala chitsanzo chowonekera cha njirayi yolankhulira. Pano, chipale chofewa chomwe chikuwala padzuwa chikufanana ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali. Kuchokera pachithunzichi, chithunzichi chimakhudza ulemu ndi ulemu.

Kuyerekezera kungakhale kosiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi kufanana kwa zinthu, tanthauzo lophiphiritsira lophiphiritsira limapangidwa kawirikawiri: tani yamdima, monga chokoleti; Mwatsopano monga chimfine, chisanu . Koma pofuna kufotokozera ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, kuyerekezera kungapangidwe mu moyo weniweni wa zinthu zofanana zofanana: kumangirika ngati njuchi mu madzi; Yoyera, ngati chiwombankhanga pa chimbudzi chimasambira . Njira imeneyi ingatchedwe mofotokozera kwambiri, chifukwa imayimba kwambiri.

Kuyerekeza popanda kulinganitsa

Kwa zolemba, kufotokozera kwapadera ndi njira yosinthira maonekedwe enieni. Chidule cha kugwiritsira ntchito mu njirayi chimawoneka ngati fanizo.

Mwachidule, chidziwitso cha chida ichi chikufotokozedwa m'mawu otere - kuyerekezera popanda kulinganitsa. Chokhazikika chake chimakhala kuti dzina lachinthu chimodzi chokhacho ndichokhazikika ndi wina chifukwa cha kufanana kwake kapena mtundu wina wonyengerera: "nsapato zikuyenda pamsewu" mmalo mwa "anthu akuyenda nsapato", "idyani mbale" mmalo mwa "kudya zakudya zonse mu mbale" "Mtsikana-chokoleti" mmalo mwa "mtsikana wokhala ndi chokoleti chokoleti."

Zifanizo zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma zonsezi zimakhala zofanana - zofanana kapena zofanana ndi chinthu chofanana.

Vuto loyesa kufotokoza mafanizo ndiloti zolinga za kufanizira kotero sizowonekera momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino. Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti zovuta zenizeni za zolembazo sizolondola, komabe, mwina sangakhale ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti afotokoze zenizeni za zithunzi za wolembayo.

Kukhoza kufotokoza tanthauzo la mkati mwa mafanizo ndi luso lapadera pofufuza malemba ojambula.

Udindo wa luso lofotokozera

Pamwamba takhala tikudziŵa kale zomwe zimachitika, maonekedwe, mafanizidwe, mafanizo. Sitikudziwa bwino chifukwa chake tiyenera kusokoneza ndimeyi kuti tithe kukhala ndi kufufuza zomwe wolembayo akufuna kuzinena ndi matanthauzo awa.

Ndipotu, otsutsa kwambiri komanso otsutsa olemba mabuku akufufuza mozama. Ndi ntchito yawo, owerenga wamba nthawi zambiri sadziwa.

Kufufuza kwa malingaliro amatsenga mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kumachitika pamtanda wokhazikika komanso mlingo wa kulingalira kwake. Kusukulu, ana amaphunzitsidwa kuŵerenga bwino, pozindikira kuti pali tanthauzo lenileni la kumvetsetsa kosavuta kuposa momwe tawonera pamwamba.

Wowerenga wokhudzidwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro abwino, omwe akhoza kubwereza mutu wake chithunzi chofotokozedwa muntchito. Kuti apange zambiri mwatsatanetsatane, olembawo amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za mawu akuti "kufotokoza mophiphiritsira", imodzi yaikulu yomwe ingatanthauzidwe kuti ndizofotokozera. Ntchito ya fanizo ndi epithet ndikutanthauzira zenizeni monga wolemba amaziwona, ndikufotokozera momwe munthuyo amachitira ndi momwe wowerenga amamvetserenso.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe

Kukula kwa nthano kumabwerera ku nthawi zakale. N'zovuta kunena pamene ndondomeko yowonekera ya lexicon ikuwoneka: epithet, kufanizitsa, kufanana. Zimadziwika kuti anthu akhala akuyang'ana zokongola, choncho amafuna kupanga zithunzi zosavuta za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Malingana ndi zovuta zowonongeka, zikhoza kuganiza kuti poyamba pofotokoza tanthauzo lophiphiritsira lophiphiritsira, monga epithet ndi manification, zinawuka. Kuyerekezera kumafuna zinachitikira moyo wa wolemba nkhani ndi kumvetsera, kotero zikhoza kuonekera patapita kanthawi.

Zoonadi, fanizo ndi chidule cha luso la luso. Zili zovuta komanso zowonjezereka mukutanthauzira kwake komanso pakupanga mapangidwe ake. Zifanizo zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mabuku amasiku ano. Kalekale, mmalo mwake anali chiwonetsero, chomwe lero sichinthu chochepa kwambiri.

Njira yodziwira njira zophiphiritsa zofotokozera

Ntchito iliyonse pamaganizo ophiphiritsira imayamba ndi malingaliro awo m'malembawo. Kenaka, muyenera kudziwa zomwe akutanthauza ndi zomwe akunena.

Chotsatira ndicho kudziwa cholinga cha wolemba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawu otere, iye ankafuna kukwaniritsa zochitika zina. Ndipo potsiriza, ndizofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe chithunzi ichi kapena epithet chikuyankhira kwa zomwe wolembayo ankafuna kunena.

Mwachizoloŵezi, kufotokozera momveka bwino ndi kuphiphiritsira ndi chinthu chophweka chophatikizapo zonse zomwe zimawonekera mozama monga momwe owerenga amaonera mwa munthu kuzindikira malemba okongoletsera okwanira.