Toxoplasma: kayendedwe ka moyo wa tizilomboto Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma - ndi mtundu wa eukaryotes parasitic, womwenso mtundu umodzi wokha wa molondola anaphunzira - Toxoplasma gondii. bakiteriya izi zikhoza akuyendera nyama kapena maselo a anthu, kuphatikizapo ubongo, zaminyewa, ubongo ndi mtima minofu. Pakuti moyo sanafunike mpweya, chifukwa anaerobic. Khamu lalikulu la Toxoplasma ndi akuluakulu a banja mphaka, thupi umene umadutsa magawo angapo a chitukuko, kutembenukira mu chotupa wamkulu. Amphaka ndi mtundu wa chofungatira, kusonyeza ndi ndowe dzira eukaryote. Ndipo ngati mungafike khamu nyama zosiyanasiyana magazi ofunda, kuphatikizapo anthu akhoza anasankha.

Disease chifukwa cha tizilomboto

Toxoplasma gondii, kayendedwe ka moyo wa amene udzadutsa magawo angapo, kuchititsa matenda otchedwa toxoplasmosis. Anthu, matenda amatenga malo n'zosadabwitsa mosavuta ndipo popanda waledzera. Koma ngati inu mukumvetsa matenda pa mimba kapena nthawi imene chitetezo cha m'thupi yafupika (mwachitsanzo, mu kukhalapo kwa HIV), zingayambitse mavuto aakulu ngakhale imfa.

Kapangidwe ka yaying'ono-chamoyo

Kupanga wamkulu ngati kachigawo mwezi. Front anakonza njira yapadera imene Toxoplasma ndi mawere kwa ziwalo za m'kati khamu. Ilibe organelles, koma popanda iwo angathe kusuntha ndi kutsetsereka, ndi akuyendera maselo corkscrew minofu.

Galimoto bakiteriya lifecycle

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa Toxoplasma akhoza mwachidule mu maiko awiri osiyana:

• kupeza mphaka wake m'matumbo;
• linanena bungwe la mazira mu chilengedwe.

N'zotheka kuti chitukuko lonse la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhoza zapita yekha mu thupi la mphaka chomwecho. Mu tiziromboti wamkulu aumbike pang'onopang'ono kudutsa ku gawo limodzi la chitukuko ndi mzake. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa Toxoplasma, amene chiwembu zikusonyezedwa chithunzi wapangidwa ndi motsatizana mitundu anapeza tizilomboto. Akamakula, zinatha kwa zaka zingapo, iye akupatsa anayi a iwo: trophozoite - pseudocysts - minofu cysts - oocyst (ukala dzira). Mapangidwe anthu okhwima mukumwa malo mu magawo angapo:

• schizogony - gulu la phata selo ndi kupanga kuchuluka merozoites mwana wamkazi;
• budding - mapangidwe tizilombo awiri latsopano chigoba cha foni mayi wina;
• gametogony - kubereka ndi pophatikizana ndi;
• sporogony - nthambi anapanga pambuyo kugonana kubalana zygote.

Magawo mayendedwe amoyo: sexless

Asexual gawo la moyo chikuchitika mu gulu wapakatikati. Izo zikhoza kukhala, kachiwiri, mphaka kapena magazi ofunda nyama, mbalame kapena chokwawa. Trophozoites, kamodzi mu thupi, anapatsa minofu maselo ubongo, zomwe ndi selo vacuole ndi brandizoitami, amene nawonso, n'kukhala pseudocysts. Toxoplasma gondii sangathe kuonedwa ndi dongosolo munthu kapena nyama m'thupi, kuyambira cysts zibisika mkati maselo mbadwa. Ndipo kukana kwake kwa mankhwala ndi kosiyana kuti nthawi zina kuwononga cysts zonse zimakhala ndi sizingatheke. Pochulukitsa mwa vacuoles ndi kugawa amabala mofulumira proliferating tachyzoites. Native bursts khamu selo zokwawa majeremusi tuluka, zokhudza ambiri a maselo wathanzi. Tachyzoites tingaone ndi kuwonongedwa ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, koma si zokwanira kuwaletsa kulalikira.

Toxoplasma: kayendedwe ka moyo. Gawo kugonana

gawo kugonana ndi womaliza wa mkombero tizilombo toyambitsa matenda moyo chikuchitika mu thupi la amphaka - zoweta ndi zakuthengo. cysts minofu akhoza anamezedwa ndi mphaka ndi mbalame ndi kachilombo kapena mbewa. Adutsa m'mimba, bwanji maselo zaminyewa za m'mimba yaing'ono. Kumeneko kubereka pogonana njira kale, ndi chifukwa kuti pali spores oocysts ndi awiri ndi anayi tating'ono mazira tiziromboti, wotchedwa sporozoites.

Ndi ndowe wokonzeka mazira mu chilengedwe. Iwo nawobe luso luso m'dziko, mchenga mpaka zaka 2, ngati zinthu zina si yabwino kwa chitukuko zina. Nyama ndi anthu mosavuta akudya oocysts kudya zipatso osasamba kapena masamba, wokazinga kapena yaiwisi nyama. Iwo kukhala gwero la matenda makamu ena, kuphatikizapo anthu. Toxoplasma gondii anadzetsa maselo m'mimba pamodzi ndi magazi ndi anagawira thupi lonse. Mu ziwalo mkati, zambiri mu ubongo, cysts anapanga, omwe lili ndi tsistozoitov - mononuclear tizilomboto.

Njira kachilombo

Mosiyana amphaka, munthu wodwala sangabereke cysts tizilomboto mu dziko, komanso nthumwi zina za zomera lapansi. Toxoplasma - ndi bakiteriya mazira akhoza kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse: pa kapinga, minda imene ili lapansi, udzu, mchenga. Mu malo onse kumene kunali amphaka defecate.

Nyamula tizilomboto kungakhale:

• Kuchokera kwa mphaka odwala, umphumphu kusweka ngati malovu ake, mkodzo kapena ndowe anagunda chimakwirira. Choncho, m'pofunika kusamba m'manja ndi sopo asanadye ndipo pambuyo kukonza mphaka thireyi.
• Pamene kudya nkhuku theka zophikidwa kapena nyama (nkhosa, nkhumba), ndasambitsa bwino masamba, zipatso, masamba ndi masamba.
• Onyamula komanso kuchita pokhudzana ndi ndowe za mphaka ntchentche, mphemvu. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi chakudya amakhala kachilombo kudya chakudya owonongedwa.

Koma nsomba toxoplasmosis kuchokera mphaka wamba zoweta si kosavuta monga inu mukhoza kulingalira.

Choyamba, m'pofunika kuti mphaka anali mwini wake wa Toxoplasma.

Kachiwiri cysts kuonekera mu kadanga kena ka nthawi. Kawirikawiri kwa milungu ingapo pamodzi ndi ndowe amphaka, koma kamodzi kwa moyo wonse wa nyama.

zizindikiro za matenda

Makamaka anthu samaona zizindikiro zilizonse, koma nthawi zina ukupeza anagwiriridwa ngati chimfine. Patatha masiku angapo kapena miyezi, gawo pachimake matendawa amakhala aakulu bwino. Odwala immunocompromised matenda zingachititse toxoplasmosic encephalitis, chibayo kapena njira zina yotupa, imene munthu akafa. Woyembekezera, Toxoplasma chimene chimafika kayendedwe ka moyo wa zinthu zingapo ndipo sanataye mu ndondomeko ya kusamuka kwa tizilomboto kuti waukulu wapakatikati makamu, mitanda ya nsengwa ndi mwana wosabadwayo kunyanyala. Izi kawirikawiri zimabweretsa intrauterine imfa ya mwana kapena kupita padera. Zinaonetsa kuti matenda kumathandiza kusintha khalidwe la asilikali. Bakiteriya "chimayambitsa" makoswe kapena mbewa zochepa akuopa amphaka, ndipo ngakhale kufufuza malo awo okhala. Tiziromboti amachita zimenezi kuti kusamukira ku gawo lotsatira la kayendedwe ka moyo, ngati mphaka adzadya mosavuta. Nasanthula Kugwirizana pakati oyambitsa misala ndi kukhalapo mu chamoyo Toxoplasma. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukhalapo kwa matenda zingakhudze chitukuko cha vuto lodana kapena kusintha zina maganizo.

kusanthula

Pambuyo matenda makamaka anthu likakhazikitsidwa komanso kugonjetsedwa chitetezo chokwanira wonse bakiteriya a. Kuthandiza polimbana ndi matenda wa munthu immunoglobulins. Chitetezo angathe:

• n'chongoletsa poizoni kuti amapanga tiziromboti;
• kumumanga maselo tizilomboto;
• kuwoloka latuluka, yoopsa pang'ono kupanga chitetezo chabe.

Toxoplasma IgG wapezeka mu seramu magazi, madzimadzi cerebrospinal, m'mapapo sputum ndi zinsinsi zina kwachilengedwenso. Ngati chitetezo amenewa akupezeka kuchuluka kwa 7/16 Dec. Kenako anachita liwunikidwenso ndi polymerase unyolo anachita kudziwa matenda yogwira. Pamaso pa siteji pachimake za matenda - matenda chachikulu - akusonyeza pamaso pa DNA wa tizilomboto mu madzi ndi kwachilengedwenso. Dziwani kuti madzi a m'magazi a toxoplasmosis akhoza Sikuti m'zochitika zonse, ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kuwukira.

kutanthauzira zotsatira

Toxoplasma IgG olembedwa kuti "+" ndipo IgM m'ma «-» limasonyeza chitukuko cha chitetezo chokwanira kulimbikira kwa moyo. Onse kanjedza ndi "+" akusonyeza pamaso pa matenda chachikulu. Ndipo ngati IgM-kuphatikiza, koma opanda IgG, pa mimba ungatipatsire intrauterine matenda a mwana wosabadwayo. Pakalibe chitetezo gulu magazi lgm nthawi limasonyeza chifukwa negative. Ngakhale ngati nthenda zinachitika, izo zinachitika kale. Choncho, pa nthawi ya ngozi iliyonse kwa anthu salinso.

Toxoplasma gondii, vuto moyo umene uli zovuta ndi wothandizila causative cha matenda. Koma Ndipotu, pafupifupi munthu aliyense mu dziko yemwe amakhala limodzi ndi mphaka nthawi yake "kudzakhalire" ana. Asymptomatic pachimake gawo la matenda si kukopa tcheru, ndi mawonekedwe aakulu kapena chonyamulira si zoipa anthu ndi anthu ena momuzungulira. Toxoplasmosis ndi oopsa ngati mayi woyembekezera sanali kachilombo, koma anatola matenda ponyamula mwana. Choncho, ana kapena pa siteji ya kulera sayenera amalekezera kulankhula ndi amphaka - n'kwabwino kuti Pet, kotero kuti thupi zachitika chitetezo moyo wautali matenda. Izi adzithandiza thanzi tsogolo la mwana wosabadwayo ndi kumuteteza ku matenda oopsa.