Theodosius, Genoese linga. zokopa Feodosia

Genoese linga - kuipidwa wa nyumba zoteteza, anamanga mu Ages Middle pa gawo la mzinda ngati Feodosia (Crimea). Iwo unalengedwa m'zaka XIV.

Linga inamangidwa kuteteza Republic of Genoa Kafa - doko lalikulu kwambiri mu Crimea. Lero, pa dziko ili m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe malo.

Alendo ambiri nkhosa apa kuona zodabwitsa za makoma akale ndi nsanja fungo akale ndi kugonjetsa kuno ndi kumva zinkakhalira pa Ages Middle. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino mbiri ya linga wamkuluyu.

Mzinda wa Feodosiya. imachokera

Feodosia (Crimea) - mzinda ndi mbiri imene chimakwirira zaka zoposa makumi awiri ndi asanu. Linamangidwa mu BC VI atumwi. e. Greek atsamunda. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma IV BC anakhala mbali ya boma Bosporus. Ndiye Theodosius ndipo anapeza dzina lake panopa. Iwo likumasuliridwa kuti "Mulungu anatipatsa."

Chilakolako analanda mzindawo unali chifukwa malo ake yabwino m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso kukhalapo mu Crimea zosiyanasiyana malonda zipangizo: ubweya, nsomba, mchere, uchi ndi zinthu zina zodula. mwamsanga Theodosius kusanduka mu wotukuka malonda Pamudzi ndi imodzi mwa madera aakulu la kapolo mu Crimea.

Pamene Greece sanali kumusamalira, mzinda mobwerezabwereza zapita pansi pa ulamuliro wa Roma, ndi Khazars, Ufumu wa Byzantium. Mpaka X atumwi Theodosius anali osasamalika. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Aroma ndi malonda madoko awo, yabwino ndi malo kuposa Crimea. Kuchepa Theodosius anatsogolera anawazunza ndipo ena khamu woyendayendawu. M'zaka za m'ma XIII mzindawo unali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Golden gulu, ndipo anagulira ndi amalonda Genoese.

Genoese nthawi. Kupanga linga

Tsopano ankaona wolemera kwambiri mu mbiri ya mzinda wa Kaffa (Feodosia). Genoese linga, ndi njira, inamangidwa pa nthawi.

Chiyambi cha maluwa akhoza zimachitika pafupifupi kwa zaka za m'ma XIII. amalonda Genoese, analowa Nyanja Black, anawona ubwino bwino Bay m'deralo. Pa malo a mzinda wakale anapanga malonda Pamudzi, dzina lake Kafa. Ndipo chifukwa malinga zamphamvu za Constantinople anatenga ulamuliro pa maulendo onse panyanja zopita ku Mediterranean ku East.

Posakhalitsa, Feodosiya anali waukulu Genoese njuchi mu Crimea. Zinali zofunika pakati polumikizira malonda. Kudzera Theodosius ku maiko a ku Ulaya anabweretsedwa kuchokera tsitsi East ndi tirigu, golide ndi miyala ya mtengo, zadothi ndi zonunkhira. Koma chachikulu ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri mankhwala, monga kale, tsoka, anakhalabe akapolo ambiri.

Ambiri, pa nthawi ya Theodosius zinali mzinda wotukuka. Chiwerengero ndiye owerengedwa za 70,000 miyoyo. m'tawuni ali ndi zisudzo ndi nthambi banki, zinapangidwa ake ndalama zokha.

Creation wa linga Genoese

Mu pakati pa XIV Genoese linga inamangidwa kuteteza Kafa. Sizoti ndi yowala mfundo yochititsa chidwi, komanso kunyadira kwambiri mzinda wa Kaffa (Feodosia). Genoese linga anali wachiwiri kukula ndi mphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Inali kum'mwera kwa mzinda, pa gombe la Feodosia Bay. Iye anali mizere iwiri ya zida chitetezo: ndi citadel - mitima ya linga - ndipo gawo lakunja.

wozungulira ake akwanira mamita oposa zikwi zisanu. Mpheroyi nsanja oposa makumi atatu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti aliyense wa iwo anali nalo dzina yake. Pansi makoma a mpanda wolimba inali dzenje kwambiri, amene anali osati kwa mudzi, komanso kukhetsa madzi m'nyanja.

citadel inamangidwa pamalo otsetsereka, amene ankaimba udindo wa nyumba yaikulu zozitetezera. Nkhani chilengedwe chake anatumikira miyala ncho ku nyanja kapena ku mapiri pafupi. The utali wonse wa makoma upambana 700 mamita kukula yawo inali zoposa 11 m, ndipo m'lifupi -. Pafupifupi ziwiri. The citadel unali Kazembe Palace, chuma m'deralo, oweruza komanso m'matangadza ndi katundu makamaka mtengo - tsitsi, silika, zokometsera.

Ndipo ngakhale ambiri a nyumba kwa zaka zambiri zikadzawonongedwa, aliyense wokhala mwa chilumba ndi kunyada akhoza kundiuza kumene linga Genoese, monga iwo unalengedwa.

Kuzinga linga la asilikali Golden gulu

Ndi mphamvu mu cafe kugwirizana ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika kwambiri oopsa Europe. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mliri mliri umene kunabuka 1347 - 1351 zaka. Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti Golden gulu lankhondo, amene ankapita ndi Khan Dzhanibek, anayesa kulanda chuma okhala mumzinda Kafa (Feodosia). Genoese linga, zindikirani udaikidwa kuti akhoza sidzaima iliyonse. Chitata apakavalo chabe sanathe kugonjetsa makoma aatali ndi amphamvu ndi kukwera pa dzenje kwambiri anakumba patsogolo pawo. Mu Djanibek anakhalabe chiyembekezo chimodzi - kutenga anthu kugonja. Kuzinga Mongolia Genoese ukhoza miyezi yambiri mu Crimea, Ngati sikudali zomvetsa chisoni.

M'nyengo yotentha ndi kulephera kumvera malamulo ofunika kwambiri ukhondo, komanso kudzikundikira nambala yaikulu asilikali chikwiyire inayamba mliri pakati adani a. Ndiye, kuti alande mpanda wolimba Dzhanibek analamula kusamutsa thupi la akufa mwa makoma. Mu mzinda mliri akuyamba. Pozindikira zimenezi, olemera Genoese amalonda (padali mzinda pafupifupi zikwi) mobisa kumanzere Cafu ndipo anapita kwawo.

The anthu otsala pofuna msanga tichoke m'deralo akhudzidwa, anathamangira kutsegula zipata ndi kupereka. Komabe, Khan Dzhanibek kuteteza kufala kwa mliri Asilikali ake, sanalowe mzinda, namsiya Iye, ngakhale kutsekedwa. Apa n'kuti Genoese kunyumba, anasiya khate m'mizinda yonse kumene siteji yekha. Zotsatira zake zinali zoopsa kwambiri kwa mbiri yonse ya Europe mliri, yomwe inatenga zaka zoposa zitatu ndi amene adapha, malinga ndi ziwerengero zina, kotala kwa hafu ya chonse cha anthu m'dzikoli.

Ena a dziko ndi mzinda anathawira kwathunthu. AIDS limafotokoza ntchito zambiri zolembalemba, kuphatikizapo "Decameron" ndi Boccaccio.

Genoese m'nyengo XV wa - zaka XIX

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV Theodosius anagwidwa ndi asilikali Ottoman. Turkey anawononga mzinda poyamba, ndiyeno anamanganso ndi anadzatchedwa. Tsopano iye ankatchedwa Kef. mzinda linakhala lalikulu malonda doko la Turkey. Apa inali yotchuka kwambiri msika wa akapolo padziko kumpoto Black Sea gombe.

Mu 1616 mpanda wolimba anali anadzasokoneza Zaporozhye Cossacks kutsogoleredwa ndi Petra Sagaydachnogo. Mwamsanga anagonjetsa asilikali amphamvu ndi anamasula akaidi.

Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVIII Theodosius a Russian Ufumu.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, a nyumba pafupifupi inawonongedwa. Ndipo, oddly mokwanira, chifukwa zimenezi sizinali nkhondo ndi wazingidwa. mfundo ndi yakuti pa nthawi munalibe zipangizo nyumba ndi nyumba zina. m'deralo anayenera disassemble mpanda wolimba akale ntchito mwala uwu.

Linga mu XX atumwi

Mu 1920, izo potsiriza anakhazikitsa mphamvu Soviet mu mzinda. Theodosius (Genoese linga pamodzi ndi zimenezo), ngakhale chiwonongeko, kusunga zizindikiro za mphamvu zake zakale.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse amu mzindawo, ndipo ndi izo - ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri wakale anawonongedwa ndi asilikali a German.

Pambuyo Nkhondo Theodosius anapindula udindo wa achisangalalo lapansi. Mabwinja kuti anakopeka alendo ochokera konsekonse mu dziko.

Genoese linga lero

Today linga ndi pafupifupi anapulumutsidwa. Zonse zimene zinatsalira kwa izo - ndi kum'mwera cha kumadzulo mpanda wa citadel, ndi nsanja otalikirana ochepa okha mu mzinda wonsewo. Komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha osungidwa matchalitchi ena, osambira Turkey ndi mlatho.

Ngakhale kuti mpanda wolimba Genoese mu Feodosia osati wotchuka ngati Sudak, lero ndi otchuka alendo kopita. Mwina chifukwa chakuti maofesi si pansi kubwezeretsa, ndipo anatha kusunga woona, wosayerekezeka mzimu wa kale Zapakati. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndi wokongola Genoese linga. Traveler Reviews zimasonyeza kuti ndi malo chodabwitsa ndi wapadera komwe mukufuna kubwerera mobwerezabwereza.

Kodi kumeneko?

Lero, mwina, aliyense mu mzinda mosavuta ndikuuzeni kumene linga Genoese. Ulendo mukhoza kuyamba pomwe pa njanji siteshoni dera, kuyang'ana pa nsanja ya Constantine ili kumeneko. Kupeza mabwinja a citadel wakale zosavuta - kufunsa alionse odutsapo, kumene Genoese linga.

Momwe magalimoto? Mukhoza kumeneko ndi basi yoyenda №1 kumsika. Kapena mukhoza kutenga kuyenda - zimatengera osachepera theka la ola, koma sizinasinthe zosangalatsa kwambiri. Pochitika pa Gorky Street. Analepheretsa kumanzere kale ndipo kuonekera kwa mpanda wolimba Genoese. Kulowa kapena m'malo zipata zinasungidwa bwino, koma kuyendera bwino kuyamba ndi mlatho zazikulu, ndi kuona bwino pa chigwacho.

Linga mu Feodosia ndi luso

Zonyezimira dzuwa Theodosia anakopeka anthu ambiri otchuka. Koma apasa dziko wotchuka ake zojambulajambula, m'madzi zojambulajambula Ivan Aivazovsky. Apa Ndimakonda mpumulo Anton Chekhov. Mu Feodosia moyo Osip Mandelstam ndi dzina lake Aleksandr akumwetulira. Mwa njira, apa lidalembedwa ndi "Galimoto Bakuman".

Other anasunga linga Crimea

Malinga mu Feodosia - sikungokhudza mpanda wolimba Genoese mu Crimea. Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, amalonda, wofunitsitsa kuti kwathunthu analanda zodutsa nyanja, kulimbitsa m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana. ngati nyumba imodzi zoteteza anapulumuka modziwika bwino, ndipo amakopa alendo ambiri lero. dzina Kodi mzinda umene Genoese linga? Sudak.

mtengo tikiti mu rubles ndi za 150-160. Ngakhale kuti mbali chapakati ndi pafupifupi kanthu katsalira, kumanga mpanda ndipo tsopano kugunda ukulu wake ndi inaccessibility, atayima panja bwino ndi maziko a Bay lapansi. Linga mu Sudak, kapena, monga timati mu Sughd inamangidwa pang'ono pasanafike pa Feodosia. Lero ndi malo chikhalidwe. Ndi bwino kupita kumeneko mu August - pa nthawi yake pa malo a, yaikulu joust, chosatha kuposa sabata.

Kodi wina kuona Feodosia?

Medieval Citadel - chiri mosakaikira wamkulu, koma osati kunyada kwa Feodosia. Pakati inanso wokongola n'zotheka kudziwa zikutipatsa wapadera wa zojambula ndi Aivazovsky, kupereka wojambula kwawo.

malo ena otchuka - kunyumba owonetsera zakale ya Green, kumene wolemba ndipo tinkagwira ntchito. Dziko lapansi la nkhani yopeka ntchito kulengedwanso mu mawonekedwe a sitima. Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale zipilala ambiri ndi akasupe, zakale ndi minda kuti akakometsere nkhope ya mzinda izi zazikulu.

Theodosius ndi wokongola, komanso mabwinja anasunga wakale linga Genoese. wakale inexpressible m'mlengalenga wokondweretsa mtima kumenya mofulumira ndipo amachititsa chibaba yosalephera kubwereranso kumzinda uno chidwi.