The ziyerekezo mu kuwerenga maganizo. Umunthu kuwerenga maganizo. chitetezo maganizo

Mawu akuti "ziyerekezo" imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito masamu, sayansi kuwerenga maganizo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi, lachokera ku Latin mawu projectio, limene kwenikweni anamasuliridwa kuti "kuponya patsogolo." Mwachindunji, iwo akuimilira umodzi wa zamaganizo a asilikali chitetezo maganizo a munthu.

Njira yaikulu ya chitetezo maganizo a umunthu ndi

Pamaso kutembenukira kwa Kuwulura, ndi ziyerekezo ukhala malo kupereka tanthauzo ambiri njira maganizo monga njira chitetezo komanso kupeza zomwe njira za chitetezo.

Lingaliro la chitetezo maganizo anabadwa mwa psychoanalysis. Iwo unayamba ndi woyambitsa wa ziphunzitso za Sigmund Freud mu 1894. Malinga ndi iye, munthu kuthana ndi zosiyanasiyana zopweteka ndi zovuta zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira chitetezo maganizo. Iwo ali mu kamphindi zovuta thandizo anthu kukhala ndi thanzi ubongo ndi kukhulupirika kwa munthu mwa kuipitsa zenizeni. Kuti ndi Cholinga chachikulu cha njira imeneyi - adziteteze ku kungasokoneze zinthu kunja ndi mkati (kutanthauza kuti, yekha) umunthu. Mu maganizo, iwo ukuchita monga chotengera cha chiyambi munthu amene wachita wapadera zawo mumtima dziko. Choncho, njira chitetezo kwa onsewa ali payekha. Komabe, asayansi ku maphunziro angapo anatha kukonza iwo ndi kuzindikiridwa njira zingapo chachikulu cha chitetezo maganizo. Iwo nawo pafupifupi onse ntchito maganizo (kukumbukira, tcheru, kuzindikira, m'maganizo, mtima, maganizo, ndi zina zotero. D.), Koma pa nkhani iliyonse umalamulira mmodzi wa iwo okha. Malinga ichi, pali njira zotsatirazi yodzitetezera maganizo:

1. Negation.
2. Yimitsira.
3. Kupondereza.
4. Kusalumikizana.
5. Kwakusiyana mapangidwe.
6. M'MALO.
7. The Izitu n'zovutitsa.
8. Ndimalota.
9. Sublimation.
10. Ziyerekezo (Psychology).
11. Chiphaso.
12. Zongopeka (maloto).
13. Choka.
14. Introjection.
15. Depersonalization neri Al.

Aliyense wa asilikali awa ndi pulogalamu mwapadera anakonza tikakhala ndi nkhawa ndi nkhawa. Iwo kuthandiza munthu kuthetsa osati kunja komanso mkati mikangano. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ziyerekezo kwa munthu akhoza mosalingalira kusamutsa udindo ndi mlandu ena manyazi awo (kumvetsa kwake) otsetsereka pa munthu wina, kapena kunena makhalidwe kapena maganizo a ena awo.

Njira yodzitetezera maganizo

Mu sayansi, ndi zinayi mitundu yaikulu ya chitetezo maganizo, akuti: yogwira, "kudzipereka" overprotection ndi "kusalumikizana".

The yogwira mawonekedwe a chitetezo

Izo zikhoza kuchitika mwa kufunafuna "chandamale" - wina kapena chinachake, munthu, mukhoza knead maganizo zanu zoipa kapena anasonkhanitsa waukali, ndi ekstrapunitivnosti limene pali chizolowezi mlandu zolakwa zawo kapena zolephera wina, koma osati tokha . Kuti mtundu uwu wa chitetezo imakhudzanso "mkwiyo wolungama" pamene munthuyo n'kugwa ndi atamunamizira kuti munthu zifukwa maganizo oipawa kuti chichokera izo, monga nsanje. Self-watero likuvutika ndikunyoza uzirwi wa munthu wina ndi mchitidwe kwambiri zoipa limagwirira zimene chitetezo maganizo. Komanso, limabweretsa gulu. Komanso, mawonekedwe yogwira chitetezo akuphatikizapo devaluation nkhawa chinthu, ndiko kuti, Attribution wa makhalidwe oipa a munthuyo, zimene iye mwina alibe.

chitetezo maganizo ndi kudzipereka

Munthu mumayesto zipambano zawo mu moyo, tanthauzo la kusakhutira mkati, iye anadza kwa mawonekedwe a chitetezo monga capitulation a. Iwo akhoza anasonyeza gerontolizmom kapena puerilism. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza atonthoze okha ndi chakuti iye akadali kubwera, kapena M'malo mwake, mlandu zolephera msinkhu, iwo amati, ngati ine ndinali wamng'ono, ndiye chirichonse zikanakhala zosiyana. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mtundu imanenanso intropunitivnost (Mosiyana ekstrapunitivnosti) pamene adzadziwire kumakunenani yokha. Kuti fomu iyi makamaka agwiritsa anthu ndi kumadziona kuti ndine wolephera.

overprotection

Munthu yense pamodzi ndi kuzindikira mfundo lonse zosasangalatsa okha ndi kumva zinthu zabwino zokha mchikakamizo cha mmene amakondera kapena nkhawa. Izi tsenga maganizo wotchedwa kusankha mudziwe kuti zofanana limagwirira cha kukana kapena kupeŵa munthuyo sakufuna kukhulupirira zimene zinachitikazo ndipo anakananso.

Otchedwa "chitetezo wapakamwa" limanenanso limagwirira a "overprotection" pamene munthu chete mwadzidzidzi wayamba kuchita zinthu modabwitsa zamkuwa ndipo plunges ena ku mantha. The devaluation amuleka, ndi nkhawa komanso ali personalization njira overprotection. Ndipo ngati m'nkhani yoyamba, munthu amakankhira kutali lingaliro amuleka utapachikika iye chifukwa cha ntchito zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo kusuta - monga chotsatira cha kuopseza khansa ya m'mapapo), ngati wachiwiri, ndi mu nkhawa zawo kuti kaŵirikaŵiri umboni, Iye akuyembekezera culprits kunja. Ndi sverhzaschite mulinso reinsurance (sadzauluka pa ndege, kudya zakudya wathanzi, ndi zina zotero. D.), fixation, kupondereza, sverhkonservatizm, difleksiya (mofanana kusiya mu wekha), disconnection kuchokera ku chenicheni, depersonalization (pamene munthuyo kusagwirizana kwa vuto amabweretsera wayamba kuchita chinachake ang'ono, ndi zina zotero. d.), "kudula mfundo Gordian" (chiopsezo atakomoka), chophiphiritsa kapena mwambo zochita (kukhulupirira), sublimation (kuunika mofatsa makhalidwe mu moyo), ndi zina zotero. d.

Mwa njira, anthu ndi kofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo maganizo agwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu njira zosiyana, monga chidaliro, momveka wamaganizo, kusanthula tione kwenikweni pa zinthu, khalidwe lokonda yekha ndi nthabwala ndi zina zotero. D. Komabe, monga mavuto zitha kukhala munthu weniweni. Mu maganizo, ngakhale kuti mawu akuti "munthu" amaona ndi cholengedwa chirichonse kuti wapatsidwa chikumbumtima, kalankhulidwe zilandiridwenso ndi zina zotero. E., Koma pamoyo kulankhula za munthu, zikutanthauza amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi anthu ena anthu kwambiri komanso amphamvu.

Protection kudzera kusalumikizana

Izi makamaka monga unsembe wa adziteteze, kapena monga amatchedwa zamaganizo "yekha wazamalamulo." Mwina aliyense waona kanema "The kwambiri wokongola ndi wokongola." Mmenemo mbali yaikulu amagwiritsa mawonekedwe chitetezo maganizo. Ziyerekezo, kukhota, M'MALO tingati introjection, kuzindikira ndi munthu chikhalidwe kwambiri, yanyumba udindo ndi zina zotero. E. Komanso ntchito chitetezo mwa kusalumikizana. Nthawi zina pali kupotoza zenizeni mu mawonekedwe a olakwika nthawi. Pamene munthu zonse zimene zinachitika zaka zingapo zapitazo, zikuwoneka pafupifupi mbiri isanayambe. Komanso m'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kuti ndifotokoze akamanena za umodzi wa asilikali a chitetezo - ziyerekezo. Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, chitetezo Pankhaniyi kudzera kusalumikizana.

Kodi ziyerekezo?

The ziyerekezo mu kuwerenga maganizo ndi njira anasamutsa maganizo awo zofuna chinsinsi cha zamoyo zina kapena zopanda moyo chinthu. Kuyambira pachiyambi, zikuoneka kuti chirichonse chiri bwino, monga kwa zinthu zopanda moyo, izi zimachitika pamene munthu wapatsidwa zinthu kapena zochitika zachilengedwe, maganizo awo, monga Nyanja nkhawa, lankhanza kumwamba, kulira msondodzi ndi zina zotero. D. Mu losavuta kumvetsa bwino anthu, nthawi akukumana kubuka chiwawa, naona ena nkhanza, wabodza akuganiza kuti aku- ake onse omuzungulira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chiyani anthu safuna kulandira mwa iwo okha makhalidwe amenewa akhoza kwenikweni kuwunika nokha ngati kuti kunja, koma izi kukangana ndi lokha kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti iye mosalingalira pogwiritsa ntchito ziyerekezo, amene ngati introjection - chitetezo maganizo. Freud ankakhulupirira kuti Kawirikawiri opezeka anthu ndi paronoidnym kapena matenda hysteroid. Monga ntchito m'bukuli, mawu akutchulidwa zotengera malingaliridwe maganizo limagwirira, zimenezi kaya zabwino kapena zoipa.

Mthunzi ndi chenicheni mbali ya ziyerekezo

Pamene anthu ena a nthawi gnawing kudziona ndi kulakwa kapena iwo nkhawa ndi mantha, ndiye iwo anayamba kugwira ntchito maganizo a anthu kapena njira zina zodzitetezera. Mwachitsanzo, ziyerekezo. Mu maganizo, ndi njira anasamutsa maganizo awo zofuna chinsinsi chinthu china. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amakhala ndi chilakolako chinsinsi kusintha mkazi wake, koma salandira ndipo ngakhale manyazi, ayamba kupanga zikhumbo izi ndi mkazi wake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye amayamba kukhulupirira kuti iye sanali, ndi mkazi akufuna kusintha izo. Chifukwa, iye tsopano ndiyeno ipitirirabe nsanje ake, wakuwanenera ake machimo onse chivundi, ngakhale kuti analibe chifukwa. Chitsanzo china ndi nkhani ya kukongola okalamba amene, chifukwa cha kuopa ukalamba, kuyambira kuona anzawo zizindikiro za ukalamba ndi kuupereka kwa iwo mwa munthu. Mawu, polingalira za kuwerenga maganizo nzeru zotengera malingaliridwe ndi limagwirira yomwe ikhoza kukhala zabwino kapena zoipa. Zitsanzozi akulozera ku mbali ina ya limagwirira lapansi.

Komano, ndi ziyerekezo mu kuwerenga maganizo angakhale ndi mbali positive. Mwachitsanzo, ziyerekezo zabwino ndi chifundo, amene angadwale mlingo wa kumvana pakati pa anthu. Chisoni munthu mu sayansi maganizo amatchedwa chifundo. Bukuli lili ndi chimodzimodzi ziyerekezo limagwirira onse, pamene munthu, kugawana ziwembu wina pa maganizo ake. Chifukwa, izo amatha kumvetsa bwino udindo wa ichi "ena".

Pomaliza

The mavuto waukulu wa zamaganizo a umunthu, monga matenda ake maganizo n'zogwirizana ndi limagwirira maganizo chitetezo kuti amagwiritsa munthu (mosalingalira) kukhala okhulupirika thanzi lawo maganizo.