The State Hermitage Museum. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): gulu zojambula

malo zimene kaŵirikaŵiri anachezeredwa ndi alendo, Atafika ku St. Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera ndi cruiser "Aurora".

The Hermitage ndi wapadera?

Ndi yaikulu luso dziko ndi owonetsera zakale chikhalidwe-mbiri. Iye komanso chodziwika bwino ndi otchuka monga Louvre, British Museum ndi Metropolitan Museum. The State Hermitage akugwirizira 3 miliyoni zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, kuphatikizapo zojambula lokha, muli 15 chikwi. Akuti ngati kupatsidwa kwa wachina chilichonse mu nyumbayi 1 miniti yokha, ndiye kuti awone zopereka onse a Hermitage kufunika ... zaka 8! Ndipo kwapatsidwa kokha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho okhazikika, koma zisudzo zosakhalitsa. Hermitage komanso bungwe la dazeni izi mwezi uliwonse. Ndipo onse kutalika kulowera ndi 20 Km. Koma yapadera chachikulu cha nyumbayi ili si pa sikelo ndipo chiwerengero cha zinthu kusungidwa mbiri, ndi chakuti pali zambiri choyambirira katswiri wa kupenta dziko ndi njira zina luso.

Kumene?

Location Museum - pa Palace Embankment. The State Hermitage - kuipidwa nyumba zisanu (a Zima Palace, New Hermitage, Grand Hermitage, ndi Hermitage Small ndi Hermitage Theatre). Khomo lalikulu ili pa Palace Square, 2.

Ndandanda

The State Hermitage ndi wokonzeka kulandira alendo ochokera Lachiwiri kuti Sunday, kuyambira pa 10,30. Kutha kwa ntchito - 18,00, koma Lachitatu - 21,00. Tsiku kutali - Lolemba. Koma akuti: ndalama amasiya kugulitsa matikiti ola pamaso kutseka. Ndi bwino kukonza kukwera mwa Hermitage maola pamaso nkhomaliro ndi pakati pa mlungu - anthu ochepa. Koma pa mlungu zina muyenera kuima mu mzere kwa pafupifupi ola limodzi.

mitengo tikiti

Matikiti pa Hermitage ndi zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo. Kwa nzika ya Russia mtengo adzakhala 100 rubles, pensioners, ophunzira ndi ana -. Free. Alendo kulipira 350 rubles. Koma aliyense Lachinayi loyamba la mwezi - ufulu tsiku aliyense.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1764 Catherine Wamkulu Nagula 225 zojambula ku mndandanda wa German wamalonda Yohanna Gotskovskogo. chopereka linaikidwa kwa Mfumu Frederick II la Prussia, koma chifukwa mavuto azachuma, iye sakanakhoza muzilipulumutsa. Akhama wamalonda ali anapereka kuchita Russian mfumukazi, ndipo anavomera mosazengereza, kuti moonetsera pamaso pa mfumu German. Popeza Gotskovsky analibe bwino kwambiri m'munda wa luso, zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo zojambula m'malo mediocre (poyerekeza ndi anthu amene anabwera pambuyo pake). Awa anali makamaka ntchito za manja a ambuye Dutch ndi Flemish, komanso ntchito zina za akatswiri ku Italy m'zaka XVII. Koma pakati pawo ndi mankhwala a Khalsa ndi khoma.

chaka chino (1764 TH), ndipo ankaona chaka cha maziko a Hermitage, ngakhale nyumbayi m'njira zamakono mawu kulibe. Patatha zaka zisanu, kupeza anali motere: zojambula 600 kuchokera deta patokha Chiwerengero Von Bruhl. Panali zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali: "Chithunzi cha munthu wokalamba Red" Rembrandt, "Perseus ndi Andromeda" ndi Rubens ndi ena.

Wina zojambula 400 anagulidwa ndi French wokhometsa Pierre Crozat. Choncho St. Petersburg anali "Woyera Banja" ndi Raphael, "Judith" ndi Giorgione, "Danae" Titian a "Chithunzicho wa Infanta Isabella buthulo" Rubens, "Self-chithunzi" ndi Van Dyck.

Kuti kupeza Catherine ya katswiri wa zojambulajambula mu malo oyamba chinali chizindikiro chosonyeza ndale kusonyeza kuti Russian Ufumu - anayamba ndi dziko sanali osauka angakwanitse apamwamba amenewa. Mu 1774, mu chigawo cha Mfumukazi anali 2080 zithunzi, koma sanali kuuza ena. Kuti nthawi ili wotchuka mawu a Catherine kuti imakhumbira ndipo kokha mbewa. Ngakhale pambuyo mwayi zomera linatsegulidwa, koma ndi chilolezo chapadera.

Kenako Hermitage analandira katundu kuchotsedwa nyumba zikuluzikulu za anthu otchuka ndi nyumba za mafumu ena achifumu. Museum kudzadza ndi zopereka patokha Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. mabungwe ena anasamutsa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho awo kwa Hermitage.

Yosonkhanitsa zojambula

Chifukwa cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wa Hermitage, n'zotheka kufufuza mbiri ya zojambulajambula ndi kuwona momwe anakamba luso la England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France ndi maiko ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu msonkhano ankaimira zojambula 7000 chokha mwa ojambula zithunzi European ku Middle Ages, kutsiriza ndi atumwi wotsiriza. Kuwonjezera chionetserocho okhazikika, palinso zosakhalitsa zisudzo. Hermitage mosamala kuteteza wapatali chikhalidwe cholowa cha m'mbuyomu, chotero zitsanzo zina amalola azimuwona patangotha masabata angapo a chaka atetezedwe awo.

Nyumba ya luso Western chokongoletsedwa mu maziko kuchuluka komanso malo, ndiye, mu umodzi ntchito anasonkhana wa dziko amisiri zenizeni kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, zikutipatsa Italy kupenta zaka XIII-XVIII akhoza kudzitama za katswiri monga "The Annunciation" ndi Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" ndi "Madonna Litta" Leonardo da Vinci a "Banja Woyera" ndi Raphael.

wolemera kwambiri kufotokoza za Flemish zojambulidwa XVII-XVIII zaka. Kunyada m'chigawo - 32 zojambula ndi Rubens ( "The Union of Earth ndi Madzi", "Bakasi" ndi yaikulu yaikulu ndi kukongoletsa m'zinthu), 24 ntchito za mwana wake Van Dyck ( "Self").

Mu zikutipatsa Spanish kupenta XV - chiyambi cha zojambula XVIII m'ma kusungidwa El Agiriki ( "Atumwi Peter ndi Paulo"), Velazquez ( "kadzutsa"), de Goya ( "Chithunzicho wa Ammayi Antonia Zarate"). N'zotheka kusunga chitukuko cha Gothic mtima zotsimikizika ndi karavadzhizma.

Mwapadera wolemera mndandanda wa zojambula (za 1000) ndi amisiri Dutch, kuphatikizapo oyambirira ndi mochedwa Rembrandt.

Pamene ambiri monga kupenta Hermitage, English anapereka kupatula mu UK yokha. chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito za bwalo chithunzi. Mmodzi zojambula dziko wotchuka ndi "Chithunzicho wa Lady mu Blue" ndi Thomas Gainsborough.

Mu chionetsero holo ya penti French XV-XVIII zaka zambiri, malo ofunika kwambiri kulamulidwa ndi burashi classicist Nikola Pussena. A mndandanda wa ntchito ndi theka lachiwiri la XIX - m'ma XX ndi chimodzi cha zabwino mu dziko. Ndiye pali wotchuka impressionist Monet ( "Lady mu Garden", "Waterloo Bridge") ndi Renoir ( "Bakuman ndi kukolezera"), ndipo Degas ( "Concorde"). Kunyada kwa deta - 38 yoyambirira yeniyeni ndi 31 Matisse - Picasso.

likusonyeza mbuye wa sukulu Berlin ndi Munich ku holo ya luso German. Komanso chidwi cha zojambula nkhondo zoyenera Nkhondo kukonda dziko lako za 1812 ndi ntchito ya Frederick kalembedwe Achikondi.

Posachedwapa, State Hermitage anagula "Black Square" ndi Malevich. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka luso Russian za m'ma zapitazi.

Kodi mapeto? Tingadziwe nthawi yaitali ndi za zipilala kamangidwe, ziboliboli ndi za Hermitage. Koma kuwerenga za katswiri wa kupenta ndi zochepa zosangalatsa kuposa akudya yekha wokongola. Choncho ndikofunikira ndilipo kupita ndi kugula matikiti kwa Hermitage kwa banja lonse. Icho chidzakhala nkhani.