The mitotic mkombero khalidwe la ndondomeko pano

Division - ndi chuma chofunika maselo. Popanda m'chitidwe umenewu, sikutheka kuti aganizire ndi kuchuluka kwa yaying'ono-zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kapena anthu unicellular. Komanso, zipangitsa ayambe zimakhala ndipo ngakhale ziwalo lonse la zamoyo multicellular.

Tikumbukenso kuti ya zomwe zidzachitike mu nthawi ya pakati pa magulu awiri, wotchedwa kayendedwe ka maselo. Izo zikuchitika mu magawo. Motero, khalidwe moyenera interphase ndi mkombero mitotic imene selo ukugawa.

Kukhala ndi yoyenera kuchuluka kwa chuma majini Wapambana anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri DNA mamolekyulu. Komanso, pa mawonekedwe apatsira biosynthesis mapulotini mapangidwe nyumba zofunika selo.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti interphase yaitali kuposa gulu lokha. Amakhala tsatani mfundo izi:

• nthawi presynthetic - amakhala ndi njira yogwira kukula, kaphatikizidwe mapulotini zidulo mkati komanso mapangidwe activators yeniyeni kupanga nyengo. Selo umalandira kukula mwake ndi kubweretsa koyenera kuti kugwira ntchito kwa organelle lapansi. Kutalika kwa nthawi imeneyi - maola ochepa kapena masiku.

• Kupanga nthawi - yodziwika DNA kugawanika ndi kaphatikizidwe histones, amene ali ndi udindo kwa ma CD nucleosome zidulo kumene apanga mkati komanso anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri ya DNA ndi centrioles. Kutalika kwa nthawi imeneyi - maola 12.

• postsynthetic nyengo - kumatenga mpaka mitosis, yodziwika ndi kudzikundikira mphamvu ndi zomanga thupi kaphatikizidwe tubulin, umene uli wofunika kwa magawano selo. Anamaliza nyengo ya maola 2-4.

Pambuyo akudutsa mitosis interphase sitepe, chomwenso ndi yodziwika ndi njira zina motsatizana imene maselo mwana anapanga ndi akonzedwa bwino chimatanthauza DNA.

Dziwani kuti lero kukhala chifukwa osadziwika kwa kuthetsedwa kwa ndondomeko fission. Sizikudziwika ndi limagwirira kuti akapsa resumption ake, ngakhale mahomoni wokwera amene ndi zochita za kuzungulira mitotic ndi adamulowetsa. zinthu kulamulira kukula kwa chiwerengero maselo, komanso asanamvetsetse.

Pa mkombero selo mitotic zimakhudza glucocorticoids. Prolactin, thyrotropin, estrogens ndi androgens komanso amatha njira zina zimakhudza kugawikana kwa maselo mu zimakhala chandamale.

Dziwani izi Mbali chosaopsa zotupa - chifukwa circadian awo khalidwe mkombero mitotic maselo (tsiku). Akukhulupirira kuti pamene chotupa kupitilira limapezeka kuchepa tilinazo lake kuti r Mukhoza. N. chalones - maselo zoletsa.

Pa nsoka ndi kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu selo nawonso anakopeka ndi ntchito za dongosolo lysosomal, chifukwa michere ake kungawononge kwenikweni.

Izo ziyenera kuti mapangidwe maselo atsopano amadalira mtundu wa minofu, chikoka cha zinthu zina ndi boma zokhudza thupi la thupi, kotero zina n'kutheka makhalidwe ena payekha, yodziwika ndi kukula winanso wa anthu foni kapena kuchotsa kwa ndondomekoyi.