The megaliths wotchuka Russia

Zinsinsi zomwe zasiyidwa kwa mbadwa zakale zam'mbuyomu, zidakalibe m'gulu losasintha. N'zovuta kulingalira zinsinsi zambiri zomwe nkhalango ndi mapiri osasunthika amakhala nazo padziko lapansili. Kwa nthawi yaitali asayansi akhala akulimbana kuthetsa vuto lopereka nyumba zazikulu, maziko ake omwe anali miyala - megaliths. Nyumbazi zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apereka zoposa imodzi mwa momwe zimakhalira ndi zodabwitsa zokhazokha ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe ingakhale yosatheka kuchoka pamalo awo. Dziko lathu likhoza kudzitamandira nyumba zoterezi. Inde, malamulo a ku Russia sakudziwika bwino monga English Stonehenge, koma osadabwitsa. M'nkhani ino, tinasonkhanitsa nyumba zolemekezeka kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'dera la Russia.

Megaliths - ndi chiyani?

Kuphunzira kulikonse kwa zilembo kumayambira ndi mawu amodzi, kotero tiyeneranso kupeza zomwe kwenikweni zimagwirizana. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, wofufuzira wa Chingerezi adayambanso mawu atsopano, omwe amatha kuwonetsera gulu lalikulu la zigawo za nyengo yotchedwa Neolithic. M'chi Greek, megalith imatanthauza "mwala waukulu", womwe umalola kuti mawuwo agwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana kwambiri.

Malemba a megaliths

Ngakhale kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zambiri zopanda malire kumaphunziridwabe ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, atha kukhazikitsa izi. Mwachikhalidwe chawo iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri. Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo megaliths, yomwe idamangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yosasinthidwa. M'menemo mwala umodzi waukulu unayikidwa pambali inayo, motero makoma ndi denga anapangidwa. Zomangamanga zoterezi zimasungidwa mochuluka padziko lonse lapansi, nthawizina zimayimiliridwa ndi labyrinths of miyala kapena gulu la mapepala ndi petroglyphs. Miyambo imene inasiya zipilala zoterezi, asayansi amatchedwa megalithic.

Gulu lachiŵiri la megaliths ndilo chidwi kwambiri kwa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale. Maofesiwa sangatchulidwe mwachinyengo, ndipo kusankhidwa kwawo sikudziwika mpaka pano. Kawirikawiri, megaliths yakale ndi manda akuluakulu, nthawi zina kulemera kwa matani oposa zana. Iwo amasamalidwa mosamala ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a geometric. Mzere uliwonse uli wokonzeka kwa wina, kotero ndi kovuta kuika ngakhale tsamba la mpeni pakati pa iwo. N'zodabwitsa kuti kawirikawiri ntchito, kumene miyala yamtengo wapatali ingachotsedwe, inali pamtunda wa makilomita makumi asanu kuchokera kumalo omanga. Monga momwe anthu akale ankasunthira, iwo sakudziwikabe. Kuonjezera apo, zolembedwazi sizikutchula ngakhale teknoloji ya kupanga megaliths ndi kusankhidwa kwa nyumbayo yokha. Pachifukwa ichi, asayansi akumasulira nthawi zonse zatsopano.

Cholinga cha megaliths

Archaeologists ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale sangafike pamaganizo amodzi pazokangana za kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zopanda pake. Ambiri a iwo amakhulupirira kuti mapepala a gulu loyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zipinda zamanda. Padziko lonse, zikondwerero zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake mawonedwe oyambirira a miyala anawonekera. Mwa iwo, ziwonetsero zinapangidwa ndi matupi akumwamba, masiku a kutuluka kwa chiwerengero anali kuwerengedwa ndipo kalendala ya mwezi inali yosungidwa. M'mabwinja ambirimbiri, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza zipangizo zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zinathandiza kufufuza, ndipo zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zinali zojambula ndi nyenyezi zakuthambo nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Asayansi nthawi zambiri amatsutsana za gulu lachiwiri la megaliths. Nyumbazi zikufanana ndi nyumba zokhalamo, chifukwa nthawi zina mipando yotereyi inkaoneka ngati mizinda. Koma ndi zipangizo zamakono ziti zomwe zinathandiza anthu kupanga zomangamanga, asayansi sakudziwika. Iwo amadziwa motsimikiza kuti sizingatheke kuti agwiritse ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali (ambiri a iwo ali ndi mbali yosalala ya madigiri makumi asanu ndi anayi) ndi zina zotero kuti awasunthe iwo. Megaliths ya ku Russia ambiri mwa iwo akuyimiridwa ndi gulu lachiwiri la zomangamanga. Iwo ali kumadera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli ndipo sakupezeka kokha kafukufuku wofufuza, komanso kwa iwo omwe amakonda zolemba zakale ndikuyesera kuti alowe nawo zinsinsi zobisika zaka mazana ambiri.

Nkhondo Yovuta ya Mdyerekezi: kufotokoza

Mzinda wa Stone mumzinda wa Perm kwa zaka makumi angapo ndi malo okongola kwambiri a dera lino. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo izo zinazindikiridwa ngati chiwonetsero cha chilengedwe chachilengedwe ndi magulu owonetseratu a alendo oyamba kuyendetsa galimoto pano. Kodi malo otetezeka a Mdyerekezi ndi otani?

Pamwamba pamtunda wa Rudyansky Spoy mumzindawu muli mzinda wonse, wokhala ndi miyala. Pali malo akuluakulu, misewu yopapatiza komanso nyumba za squat. Kupita kuchokera kumbali imodzi ya mzindawo kupita kumalo ena n'kotheka kupyolera mumapiri okongola, ndipo mkati mwa malo okhazikikako muli njira yaikulu. Mzinda wamwalawu uli pamtunda wa mamita 526, kuchokera apa mkokomo wokongola kwambiri wa taiga ukuyamba mpaka phazi la mtunda.

M'madera ena a malo odabwitsa thanthweli limadulidwa ndi kupitirira mamita 12, ambiri a iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ndipo amapangidwa ndi laser. Mwala umene unakhala pansi pa mpando wa Mdyerekezi ndi slabs wa mchenga wa quartz. Kwa zaka zambiri, motsogoleredwa ndi mphepo, madzi ndi dzuwa, nyundo zambiri zinapanga mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Oyendera alendo anafufuza ndudu, makoswe, zisindikizo ndi mafano osiyanasiyana, omwe tsopano ali a anthu okhawo okhala mumzinda waukulu wa Stone Town.

Mukhoza kubwera ku Chertovo chisautso nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zokongola kwambiri, makamaka monga alendo kuti azisangalala ndi malowa. Kenaka mumzindawu umakhala ndi umoyo wambiri ndipo umawoneka kuti ungakhalemo. Zimakhala zokongola kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, pamene chipale chofewa chimapachika pamisewu ndi padenga la "nyumba" zamwala.

Nthano yonena za chiyambi cha linga la Mdyerekezi

Anthu okhalamo akukondwera kufotokoza nthano za momwe Town Town inkaonekera mu taiga. Pomwe iwo unali mzinda weniweni ndi wolemera, anthu akewo anasangalala ndi wolamulira wawo - mfumu yanzeru ndi yolungama. Koma wina adakhumudwitsa mitima ya anthu onse okhala mumzindawo - mwana wamkazi wa mfumu anali wakhungu kuyambira kubadwa ndipo sanathe kuona kukongola kwake kozungulira. Tsiku lina wamatsenga anawonekera kumudzi, ndipo adalonjeza kuti adzachiritsa mwana wamwamuna wamng'onoyo. Koma atangoona kuwala koyamba kupyola mthunzi wa mdima, mzinda wonse ndi anthu okhalamo adatembenuka kuti afe. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, Stone Town yaima mu kukongola kwake konse - kosasunthika komanso yokongola.

Mapangidwe a Stone City: lamulo la sayansi

Inde, nthano yonena za mphamvu ya Mdyerekezi ndi yokongola kwambiri, komabe mbiriyakale ya mapangidwe a chiwonetsero chachilengedwe ndi zambiri zowonjezera. Asayansi apeza kuti zaka zingapo zapitazo pa malo a Mzinda wa Stone panali bedi la mtsinje. Ndi iye yemwe anapanga mabango okongola, avenues ndi tunnels. Tsoka ilo, kwa iwo omwe akuyang'ana njira za chikhalidwe chakale ku Permsky Krai, linga la Mdyerekezi silinapangidwe chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu. Koma kuchokera pa izi sizowoneka zokongola komanso zokongola. Chaka chilichonse alendo ambiri amabwera kuno komanso onse-mpikisano wa ku Russia kumapiri amachitika.

Megaliths ku Siberia: chinsinsi cha Mountain Shoria

Kum'mwera kwa dera la Kemerovo pali megaliths ya Phiri Shoria, yomwe imakangana kwambiri ndi asayansi achi Russia. Akatswiriwa ankachita chidwi ndi nthawi za Soviet, koma misewu yambiri yopita ku Mountain Shoria inali yotsekedwa ndi mabwalo a njanji. Panali malo okhala kundende muno, ndipo sizingatheke kufufuzira megaliths. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapakati pa makumi asanu ndi anai, asayansi adapanga njira ina yophunzirira zozizwitsa zodabwitsa, koma kugwa kwa USSR kwakhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndiponsotu, panalibiretu mwayi wa ndalama kuti tisonkhanitse ulendowo kuchokera kwa akatswiri a archaeologists.

Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, chifukwa cha chidwi cha Georgy Sidorov, kafukufuku wina wasonkhanitsidwa, zomwe zinangokhala zoganizira za mapiri a Mountain Shoria.

Dera la Sidorov

M'madera osiyanasiyana a phirili, ofufuza anapeza malo osokoneza bongo. Mmodzi mwa makomawo anali ndi mamita mazana awiri, ndipo matanthwe ake anali olemera matani chikwi. Miyala yambiri imayesa mamita makumi awiri ndi asanu mamita asanu ndi awiri, ndipo khoma, yomangidwa ndi iwo, liri pamtunda wa mamita chikwi. Ziri zovuta kulingalira momwe megaliths inadza pamtunda wotere.

Chithandizo chawo chinapangitsa asayansi kukhala osangalala kwenikweni, chifukwa pafupifupi zonsezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino, ndipo zambiri zimagwirizana bwino. Pamwamba pa imodzi mwa makomawo, asayansi anawona zochitika za kuwomba kwa thanthwe. Zotsatirazi zimangokhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera mphamvu za nyukiliya, zomwe zinayambanso kutsogolera akatswiri a mbiri yakale ku lingaliro la chiyambi cha dziko lapansi.

Pa mtunda wautali kuchokera ku khoma, mamembala a ulendowo anawona nyumba ina yodabwitsa. Amapangidwa pa maziko akuluakulu a miyala ndipo ali ndi makonzedwe a megaliths ofunika. Pafupi ndi nyumba yayikuluyi imagawanika pamabwalo okhaokha, chithunzichi chikufanana ndi chiwonongeko chomwe chinachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwamphamvu.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu onse omwe anayenda paulendowu adatiuza kuti makasitomala ozungulira madalali anayamba kuchoka pa miyalayi. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya mphamvu yamaginito. Koma ndi pamene iwo angachokere, asayansi amangopanga ziganizo. Georgy Sidorov mwiniwakeyo akutsindika kuti Siberia ndi nyumba ya makolo a chikhalidwe chonse cha anthu. Ndipo kunali pano komwe anthu ankakhala ndi matekinolodi opambana omwe ataya chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mayendedwe a ku Russia angakhale achikulire kuposa mapiramidi a ku Igupto kapena mizinda yotayika ya Peru. Ndipo mapiri osadziwika mu Mountain Shoria ndi aakulu kwambiri omwe amapezeka pa dziko lapansi. Malinga ndi zoyambirira zogwiritsira ntchito, ma megaliths ena amalemera matani oposa anayi. Kupeza koteroko kungasinthe maganizo a asayansi pa mbiri ya anthu. Koma, mwatsoka, izi zikuwopsyeza dziko lamakono lamakono. Ndipotu, zomanga zomangamanga sizigwirizana ndi zochitika zodziŵika bwino kwambiri. Choncho, anthu sali mofulumira kupereka deta yolandiridwa ndi ulendo wa Sidorov. M'tsogolomu, okonda akukonzekera kusonkhanitsa magulu angapo otsogolera ndikupitiriza kuphunzira Mountain Shoria.

Malo amphamvu ndi Phiri la Phiri

Phiri la Pidan ku Primorye ndi malo osadziwika kwambiri ku Russia. Pali nthano zambiri zomwe zalembedwera za izo, ndipo palibe gulu lofufuza lomwe lingathe kufotokozera mphamvu zamatsenga za paphiri.

Pidan ndi maola awiri kuchokera pagalimoto kuchokera ku Vladivostok ndi nsanja pamwamba pa nyanja kwa mamita zikwi mazana atatu. Chaka chilichonse alendo ambiri amabwera kuno, ndipo pa nyengo yomwe mungakumane nayo mungathe kukomana ndi alendo okwana mazana angapo panthawi yomweyo, okonzeka kukhala tsiku lonse paulendo wovutawu. Nchiyani chimakopa anthu kwambiri? Pambuyo pake, zimadziwika kuti kamodzi kamakwera Pidan kamodzi, ambiri amakhala "otetezeka" paphiri lino ndipo amayesetsa kuno chaka chilichonse, kapena kawiri pachaka.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti m'zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo AD pamtunda wa phiri padakhala chitukuko cha Bohai, yemwe anali ndi chidziwitso chosaneneka. Pakali pano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzina la phirilo, koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti amatanthawuza mawu akuti "miyala yoponyedwa ndi milungu." Malinga ndi nthano, milunguyi inaponya miyala yambiri kwa ankhondo a Bohai, kupikisana mwamphamvu ndi mopambanitsa. Koma izi zonse ndi nthano, koma kwenikweni Pidan ili ndi zinsinsi zamasuzz, zomwe zimalimbikitsa maganizo a anthu athu.

Pansi pa asayansi a mapiri apeza nyanja yayikulu yamachiritso madzi, imathandiza kupeza mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kutopa. Kufika kunyanja ndi kovuta, koma alendo onse akhoza kusambira m'mapiri a mapiri ndikumwa madzi kuchokera mitsinje ikuyenda pansi. Madzi apa ndi odabwitsa komanso okoma, ndipo amawonjezera mphamvu (ngati mukukhulupirira alendo).

Megaliths kumapazi ndi m'mapiri a Phiri la Pidan ndi ofunika kwambiri. Nthano za Bohai zikunena kuti pamwamba pake panali kristalo, komwe ansembe okhawo akanatha kuwuka. Izi zinatsatiridwa pafupi ndi Maori - mafano a miyala ya mamita asanu mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pa mtunda wofanana iwo anali kuchokera wina ndi mzake ndipo anazunguliridwa ndi khoma kuchokera pamatengo a miyala. Maori aliyense anali ndi mdindo pafupi ndi iye, yemwe anali womangirizidwa mwamphamvu ku fano la miyala ndi kumvera kwa chifuniro chake. Nthawi zina munthu wodalirika adalowa m'phiri, Maori anayamba kuwomba ndi kumveka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, alonda anapita kukafunafuna munthu, osakhala wachifundo, ndipo ankakhoza kuwuluka pamtunda ndi mbalame. Aliyense amene analowa m'phiri popanda chilolezo anaphedwa. Mpaka pano, pali mabwinja a khoma ndi Maori mmodzi pansi pa phiri. Fano lachiwiri liri panjira yopita pamwamba, akunena kuti kale panali kristalo.

Kupyolera mwa iye milungu idayankhula ndi ansembe a Bohai, adawauza ndi kuwathandiza. Koma tsiku lina iwo anatenga kristalo ndipo anasiya kulankhula ndi ansembe. Maori akhala akufa, ndipo mphamvu zawo zafooka. Mitundu yoyandikana nayo inagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu ndipo inathetseratu chitukuko chakale cha Bohai.

Panjira yopita pamwamba pa alendo ambiri palikumverera kosayembekezereka - zina zimawopa mantha, ena akudandaula, ndipo ena sangathe kukwera phirilo konse. Zochitika zoterezi zimachitika kawirikawiri, zikutanthauza kuti kuyambiranso kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Nthawi yotsatira, mwinamwake, zinthu zidzasintha. Anthu omwe "phirili amavomereza" amayembekezera kuti ndizowoneka bwino. Pali madola akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi guwa lansembe, kumene kuli kofunika kusiya chirichonse cha zinthu zanu kuti muthokoze milungu.

Aliyense kukwera ku Pidan amapereka malingaliro ambiri ndi mphamvu, koma sizitetezedwa nthawi zonse. Nthaŵi zambiri, makamaka madzulo, alendo amayendera munthu wouluka. Iye ndi cholengedwa chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi miyendo yofiira ndi mapiko okhala ndi mapiko. Kuvulaza sikubweretsa kwa anthu, koma kumayambitsa mantha ndi mantha. Mwina, monga oyang'anira akale a Phiri la Phiri ankawoneka ngati.

Kodi Mount Vottovaara ali kuti?

Karelia ndi malo okondedwa a ufologist, olemba mbiri ndi archaeologists. Zili ngati maginito akukoka anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali okonzeka kukhala mumtsinje wa Karelian kwa miyezi kuti apeze malo atsopano osamvetsetseka. Kona kochititsa kaso komanso kachipangizo kakang'ono ka Karelia ndi phiri la Vottovaara. Ndi mbali ya mapiri m'dera la Muezersky ndipo amalingaliridwa ngati malo achinsinsi ndi ufiti.

Pamene mafuko akale a Sami ankakhala pafupi ndi phirilo. Ansembe awo a Noda anali ndi mphamvu zapadera ndipo anathandiza anthu awo kukhala ndi moyo mu zovuta zachilengedwe. Zimadziwika kuti Noda akhoza kudzikakamiza okha kuti azilamulira magulu akuluakulu a anthu ndikuwapangitsa kuchita chirichonse. Ngakhale ntchito zapadera za Soviet zinafuna kupeza chidziwitso cha Nid, koma iwo sankakhoza kuchita izo. Ansembe ankachita miyambo yawo pa Phiri Vottovaara mothandizidwa ndi miyala yam'madzi - mipanda yambiri yozungulira, imakhala m'malo odabwitsa kwambiri a paphiri. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, megaliths ambiri amalema matani angapo ndipo amalephera kuponyedwa kuphompho. Koma iwo ali mmalo mwawo kwa zaka zikwi.

Asayansi amadabwa kuti mbalame ndi zinyama sizikhala pa Phiri Vottovaara, ndipo nyanja zambiri zafa. Mitengo yonse yokhotakhota ndi yopotozedwa m'njira yodabwitsa, ndipo itatha moto wotsiriza amawoneka oopsa. Musadalire chisoni ndi teknoloji. Iye nthawi zonse amakana apa, ndipo zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zimachitika kwa anthu. Ambiri amamva mau a mizimu, amatha kukhala ndi luso labwino ndipo amayamba kuneneratu zammbuyo.

Malo osangalatsa kwambiri pa phiri ndi seids, mwala masitepe a magawo khumi, kutha mu phompho, komanso yachilendo wakuda dzenje atazunguliridwa ndi boulders yosalala Masamu.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi otchedwa Bwalo la maseŵera. Bwaloli pafupifupi zonse mawonekedwe m'madambo pansi nyanja pakati yaing'ono. Bwalo la maseŵera ili pamwamba pa phiri Vottovaara komwe muyenera ndithudi kupeza malo.

Megaliths Russian zodabwitsa ndipo mwatsoka, akadali bwino anamvetsa. Koma ayamikike okonda, iwo kupeza mu kutchuka chaka chilichonse. Malo a mphamvu anatsala makolo athu, amene ankadziwa zosaneneka, anataya kwa zaka zambiri. Kuphunzira megaliths kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa bwino kuti ndife ndani ndi kumene tinachokera ku dziko.