The ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP. Kodi ndi protocol ARP ntchito?

Ngati makina amalankhulira ndi aliyense wofanana chipangizo ena maukonde chomwecho, pankhani imeneyi kumafuna thupi kapena Mac-adiresi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito udindo zolankhulirana, kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse kusonkhana ndi IP-adiresi ndi Mac-adiresi.

limagwirira Izi imagwiridwa ndi ntchito adiresi kusamvana protocol (ARP). Chifukwa cha iwo, pali kusinthika kwa kopita mfundo IP-maadiresi omwe imatiuza gwero Mac-adiresi. Choncho, ARP ndondomeko atsogolere kulankhulana zipangizo awiri pamene iwo imodzi olumikizidwa kwa maukonde.

Kodi ntchito?

Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi iliyonse makina A akufuna kutumiza mapaketi deta makina B, ayenera kutumiza ARP paketi kwa Mac-adiresi pempho B. Komabe, imeneyi n'kogwiritsa kuwonjezeka mu maukonde katundu ndi magalimoto weighting.

Pofuna kuchepetsa magalimoto ndi mtengo wa zamalumikizidwe network kompyuta kuti ntchito ARP-protocol kuthandiza posungira wa posachedwapa anapeza IP_to_MAC adiresi sanjira, ndiko kuti, iwo sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ARP kachiwiri.

Komabe, ena powunikira ARP zotheka: pamene makina A akufuna kutumiza deta makina B, n'zotheka kuti B ndi Akakutumiza yankho deta A posachedwapa. Choncho, kupewa ntchito ARP kwa makina B, A ayenera kukhala mgwirizano wake IP_to_MAC adiresi mu phukusi wapadera ndi pempho kwa Mac-adiresi ya B. Popeza A amatumiza pempho koyamba kwa Mac-adiresi B, aliyense makina pa maukonde ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kusungidwa mu ake adiresi posungira IP_to_MAC.

Pamene chipangizo ndi pa maukonde (mwachitsanzo, ngati opaleshoni dongosolo ndi rebooted), mwina ukufalitsidwa adiresi kumanga kuti makina ena onse angapulumutse mu zoikamo awo. Izi si reused ARP ndondomeko kuti lingafunikire pamene polumikiza zipangizo zina zatsopano.

Mwachitsanzo anasonyeza ntchito Address Maonekedwe Protocol

Onani Tiyerekezenso kumene kompyuta ayesera kugwirizana kwa ena zipangizo kutali ndi akale IP kuwombola pakati pa iwo si ikuchitika. Iwo choncho tiyenera ntchito ARP-protocol - kudziwa Mac-adiresi ya makina akumidzi.

ARP pempho uthenga (amene amapita ku AAAA IP-adiresi BBBB) ukufalitsidwa pa LAN mtundu wa Efaneti protocol. ndondomeko ARP zochokera makina onse kupatula chandamale, amene zochita uthenga pempho ayankhe. Zimenezi lili IP-adiresi BBBB, mwachitsanzo Efaneti gwero hardware adiresi, ndiye kugwirizana udzakhazikitsidwe pa zipangizo.

ARP protocol ndi cholinga chake - mfundo

Monga Tingaone kufotokoza pamwambapa, Address Maonekedwe Protocol ntchito kuimika zimachitika pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana maukonde. M'mawu ena, njira imeneyi, popanda zomwe kugwirizana yachibadwa sizingatheke. Koma ngati ARP ntchito n'zotheka popanda magawo ena maukonde? Ndithudi kotheka. Choncho, muyenera kuganizira ndondomeko zina, mbali yofunika kwambiri.

n'zosiyana adiresi kusamvana protocol

RARP ndi protocol imene kompyuta thupi maukonde m'dera kuitanitsa ndi IP-adiresi ku Address Maonekedwe Protocol tebulo kapena pachipata posungira Seva. Woyang'anira maukonde amalenga tebulo pachipata kapena rauta LAN, omwe amasonyeza adiresi thupi la makina (kapena adiresi ya ulamuliro TV mwayi - Mac) wachibale protocol chogwirizana. Pamene chipangizo latsopano chikugwirizana ndi maukonde chake RARP-kasitomala anapempha makina kutumiza ake IP-adiresi. Kungoganiza kuti zimene analengedwa mu tebulo rauta, RARP Seva akubwerera ndi IP-adiresi ya makina amene akhoza kusunga ntchito ina. Choncho, adiresi kusamvana protocol ARP mosalekeza chikugwirizana ndi RARP lapansi.

Limagwirira zambiri

Ndipo makina amene akupereka pempho ndi Seva, amene amatipatsa izo - iwo onse ntchito Intaneti adiresi mwakuthupi pa zokambirana. Monga ulamuliro, ndi requester sadziwa adiresi thupi. Choncho, pempho ukufalitsidwa kwa makina onse pa maukonde. Ndiye, chipani kupempha ayenera kuzindikira okha poyerekezera ndi makina. Pakuti CPU chiwerengero siriyo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena adiresi thupi la makina maukonde. Ntchito adiresi thupi monga dzina lapadera ubwino awiri.

maadiresi Awa nthawi zonse zilipo ndipo sayenera zogwirizana ndi jombo code.
Popeza mudziwe akudzizindikiritsa zimadalira maukonde, osati kwa wogulitsa malonda CPU, magalimoto onse adzakhala ndi identifiers wapadera wa maukonde.

Action RARP Time

Popeza RARP amagwiritsa maukonde thupi mwachindunji, palibe pulogalamu protocol sadzakhala pempho kapena kupereka izo. Mapulogalamu RARP ayenera payekha mavuto amenewa. Zina zopangira kudalira RARP download, akhoza mobwerezabwereza Yeseraninso kalekale mpaka amalandira ayankhe. implementations zina ndi kulephera pambuyo ziwembu zingapo, kupewa overloading maukonde ndi wailesi zosafunika.

IP protocol / ICMP / ARP

ICMP protocol chimamanga limagwirira, ndi zipata, ndi makamu kuti ntchito kusamalira kugwirizana, kapena inu kulandira lipoti zolakwa. Protocol Internet amapereka mbendera akubwera kuchokera Mungapeze pachipata mpaka kufika moti akhoza kupulumutsa mwachindunji kwa kokafikira. Ngati pachipata sangatengere kapena kupulumutsa deta, kapena detects mkhalidwe zachilendo monga maukonde kuchulukana, tiyenera kusonyeza uthenga za ku amayesetsa kupewa kapena vutolo.

Internet Protocol Control Mauthenga (ICMP) amalola zipata zimafalitsa zolakwa kapena kulamulira mauthenga zipata zina kapena makamu. Choncho, ICMP amapereka mgwirizano pakati pa ndondomeko Internet pa anthu makompyuta olumikizidwa.

Izi limagwirira wapadera yawonjezedwa kutukula mu Kuwonjezera TCP / IP-ndondomeko. Iwo zimathandiza kuti ntchito zipata Internet kuti afotokoze zolakwika, kapena kupereka uthenga mwadzidzidzi lapansi. Ndi lokha IP-protocol lilibe chilichonse chimene angathe kuthandiza kutsimikizira ubale ndi sender kapena cholakwika.

TCP / ndondomeko IP

TCP / IP-ndondomeko kupereka zipangizo zimene zingathandize akuluakulu maukonde ndi owerenga kudziwa mavuto maukonde. Chimodzi mwa zida zambiri ntchito debugging ndi pempho ICMP kulandira uthenga ayankhe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, gulu kapena pachipata amatumiza Echo pempho ICMP uthenga ku adilesi mwachindunji. makina aliyense wolandira pempho Echo, formulates ayankhe ndi kubwerera kwa sender pachiyambi. Pankhaniyi, yankho lili buku la deta anatumiza pempho ndiponso mmene kugwirizana.

protocol angagwiritsidwe ntchito kufufuza ngati kopita ndiponso ngati naye lilipo. Nayenso ARP ndondomeko - ichi ndi hardware ntchito kuwonjezera TCP / IP ndi koyenera kuyankhulana moyenerera pa mafoni mu maukonde.