Styrene: koopsa motani?

Styrene otchedwa colorless madzi mankhwala ndi fungo zenizeni zomwe zingachititse zoipa thanzi la munthu. Panopa phenylethylene, vinylbenzene ndi ethylene ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani makamaka kupanga ma polima ndi rubbers kupanga. Kumene, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono pamene ntchito mankhwala awa akusunga mosaphonyetsa tipewe ngozi.

Kupanga styrene

Pezani zinthu izi zoikamo wapadera (ntchito zapamwamba angafikire matani 150-300 zikwi za mankhwala pa chaka) ndi dehydrogenation. Zimene zinachititsa apanga styrene wachinsinsi monga endothermic ndi zikuchitika pa kutentha pafupifupi 600-700 madigiri. Izi amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo okusayidi chothandizira ndi Kuwonjezera chromium ndi potaziyamu. The zinyalala chifukwa mankhwala ndi dongosolo Mipikisano gawo. Ngati inu akuphwanya ntchito kapena kupanga luso angayambe mpweya styrene mu chilengedwe. Zimene kawirikawiri amakhala zotsatira, kulankhula pang'ono. Choyamba, tiyeni tione chakuti mankhwala ndi zimene makhalidwe kumasiyana.

katundu

Choncho, mtundu wa mankhwala - styrene? katundu wake ali zobwezedwa. Tiyeni tione iwo:

• solubility losauka ku madzi;
• Kuwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni;
• wokonzeka solubility mu mankhwala organic;
• luso mosavuta kupasuka kwa ma polima;
• polymerization kupanga vitrified thanthwe;
• copolymerization ndi monomers ya;
• inalowa halogens.

Lowani thupi styrene, zosasangalatsa kwambiri fungo limene mulole onse kudzera Airways chapamwamba, ndipo kudzera thirakiti m'mimba. Mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi madzi okhala izo, izo zikhoza kukhala odzipereka kudzera pakhungu.

Styrene ndi Environment

mankhwala zoipa kwambiri ndipo akhoza kungasokoneze pa zamoyo. Komabe, styrene mu mlengalenga mofulumira linawola. Choncho, ngakhale mwangozi zimatulutsa mavuto ambiri mwachibadwa, simungawagwiritse. Nthaka ndi pansi styrene amaola mu zinthu zake constituent. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika mu mlengalenga ndi mchikakamizo cha dzuwa.

Komabe, mu limati kwambiri nambala pazipita zinthu panamveka ku malo ozungulira la kumalo a ntchito, malamulo ena a boma.

Malamulo ntchito ndi styrene

Kupanga mankhwala ndi ntchito kupanga ma polima, kumene, ayenera kusunga chitetezo. M'mayiko ambiri a dziko anapereka pazipita kololeka ndende ya styrene m'zipinda zimene antchito a kampani ili. Mu malamulo a zokambirana ngati izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti akonzekeretse imayenera machitidwe mpweya wabwino. Inde, antchito amakampani awa ayenera kusamala kuti pokoka mpweya wa nthunzi styrenics ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodzitetezera ngati n'koyenera.

Kusunga chitetezo, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zina (catalysts, peroxides, zina) styrene. Zochita anachita ndi malangizo, mwina chitani mofulumira kwambiri kapena mu mode zoipa. Kuika styrenes ndi kusanganikirana ayenera kuchitidwa mu zipinda osiyana lapangidwira Mwaichi ndi bwino mpweya wokwanira.

Polymerization wa styrene kumachitika ngakhale firiji. Kuopsa ndondomeko izi kuti kungachititse kuphulika ndi. Choncho, chinthu kusungidwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo.

styrene kuvulaza thupi

Contact ndi mankhwala zimenezi zikhoza munthuyo ndi poyizoni anachita pachimake ndi matenda aakulu. Pafupifupi onse ziwalo - impso, chiwindi, njira ya mkodzo, dongosolo la mwazi - ingasiyanesiyane awiriawiri ngati zinthu monga styrene. Koopsa ndi carcinogen ichi anthu makamaka zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane ndi kukambirana pansipa. Styrene imatengedwa poizoni zokhudza zonse kawopsedwe ndi imakhudzanso 2 kalasi ya ngozi. Chakupha anthu kungachititse inhalation ya mpweya munali 10 000 mg / mamita ³ styrene.

N'chiyani chingachititse pachimake zotsatira styrene

Pamene ndende ya nthunzi mu mlengalenga mu kuchuluka kwa 420 mg / ^M3 anthu ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za mkwiyo wa nembanemba mucous wa kapepalako kupuma ndi maso. Pamene zili kuposa 840 mg / mamita ³ anayamba kunyansidwa ndi tulo. Pankhaniyi, wozunzidwayo ndi mitundu yonse ya mavuto ndi zida za vestibular.

kusintha chibadwa

Mutagenic zotsatira - koma n'zongochedwetsana wina kuti akhoza mukam'bisalire munthu, kwa nthawi yaitali wina akapuma styrene. Koopsa ndi pankhaniyi? Tikayang'ana asayansi kafukufuku, n'zotheka kuti yaitali inhalation ya styrene nthunzi kungachititse ndi kuwonjezeka mu pafupipafupi khromozomu aberrations kandalama lymphocytes magazi zotumphukira. maphunziro anali kuchitidwa pa ogwira ntchito ntchito mu ndondomeko ya ulimi wa polystyrene ndi mapulasitiki anatsindika.

Zotsatira pa kubwezeretsa ntchito

Mayesero ikuchitika pa makoswe, komanso n'zotheka kunena kuti Mpweya styrene mwina pa zamoyo zotsatira fetotoxic. Komabe, kafukufuku wa akazi ogwira ntchito amakampani kwa kupanga styrene, palibe kuyan'anila yeniyeni iwo sanaulule.

zotsatira carcinogenic

maphunziro ambiri anatsimikizira kuti inhalation ya styrene kumaonjezera ngozi ya matenda a khansa ya hematopoietic ndi machitidwe lymphatic wa anthu. Komabe, zotsatira izi zitha kumachitika nthawi yayitali (zaka) kukhudzana ndi nthuzi za zinthu zina.

magawanidwe kololeka

Choncho, taona mmene mavuto ungagwiritsidwe kwa thupi styrene. oopsa Kodi izi mankhwala mankhwala, inu kumvetsa tsopano. Kumene, m'madera amene pali anthu nthawi yaitali, anthu ambiri nthunzi thunthu sayenera olumpha pazipita chovomerezeka malire. Pa mabizinezi kupanga awo kapena kupanga ma polima ndi rubbers, tiyenera uli mu mlengalenga mu kuchuluka kwa zosaposa:

• m'dera ntchito - 30 g / mamita ^3;
• mu matupi madzi - 0,02 g / L.

Zikutanthauza-kosangalatsa pazipita kololeka ndende ndi zinthu monga styrene mu mlengalenga ndi 10 mg / mamita ^3, ambiri - 0,002 mg / mamita ^3, limodzi - 0,04 mg / mamita ^3.

Styrene mu CD chakudya

Mwatsoka, mankhwala akhoza kulowa m'thupi la munthu osati pamene chilengedwe zomera mpweya. Polystyrene ndi acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ankagwiritsa ntchito pa kumasulidwa ma CD kwa zoyendera ndi kusunga chakudya. Zingatanthauze kuti iwo ayenera kukhala zabwinobwino kwathunthu. Komabe, kafukufuku anapeza kuti styrene monomer amatha amasamukira ku chakudya kuchokera zofewa ndi zovuta kwa ma CD. Nthawi zina, ngakhale zinthu amapereka chakudya, mkaka kapena madzi, ndi kukoma kwabasi.

Zona styrene, amene ali chosangalatsa fungo kwambiri ndipo kupanga katundu wa m'nyumba, zipangizo zomangamanga ndi zina zotero. D.

kuwonongeka kwa Styrofoam

Nkhanizi pano za mtundu wina wotchuka wa kutchinjiriza. Mugule mu sitolo aliyense hardware, ndipo ntchito kwambiri ambiri, kuphatikizapo ntchito yomanga nyumba. Nthawiyi polystyrene amaloŵamo kudzitsitsa mosavuta kuwola ndinso nthawi lonse nthawi moyo ndi 10-15%. Pamene monomer zili mankhwala kuwonongeka ndi osachepera 65%.

Komanso, mu ulimi wa chotenthetsera izi polymerization wa styrene ndi kawirikawiri wathunthu ndi yunifolomu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu pellets ndi nthawi yambiri yotsalira zace. Choncho, copolymers wa styrene, Mulimonsemo zimatulutsa utsi wonunkha. chakuti ntchito ya insulator kwa kutchinjiriza wa malo zogona ndikoletsedwa mkati malamulo, mwatsoka, ife tikudziwa osati onse. Pankhaniyi bwino komabe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Komabe, kudziwa, ndi kuti styrene ali kuphatikizapo chithovu. Popeza thunthu akuti ndi zoipa kuposa formaldehyde, akadali bwino mumakhala nyumba kuchokera mkati ndi ubweya mchere.

vinilu mapepala khoma

Nthawi zina eni nyumba sadziwa zoti zipangizo kumalizitsa ntchito kukonza, lili styrene. Koopsa izi mankhwala mankhwala kwa anthu, ife kale anapeza. Choncho, za zipangizo anthu ndi katundu wa m'nyumba akhoza kukhala pano, kudziwa ndithudi zedi. Mwachitsanzo, pang'ono mankhwala opezeka mapepala khoma vinilu. Komabe, mosiyana Styrofoam, mtundu wa kumaliza khoma pamalo zogona angagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'mikhalidwe wamba a styrene mapepala khoma si allocated. Kuti chipinda papered ndi vinilu anaonekera nthunzi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera yozungulira kutentha si zosakwana 50 madigiri Celsius.

ABS-mapulasitiki

ABS ndi kutilimbikitsa kugonjetsedwa utomoni ntchito kupanga mbali magalimoto (amazilamulira Buku, dashboards, etc .. D.), housings za magetsi banja (zingalowe okonza, amazilamulira kutali, khofi) ndi zamagetsi (CPU, oyang'anira), mipando, kuikira, mankhwala , masutikesi ngakhalenso zidole ana.

M'chigawo zachibadwa za chiopsezo iliyonse thanzi anthu, zinthu zonsezi palibe. Styrene koyera kumayamba kupatukana iwo okha pansi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• A Kutentha amphamvu kwambiri.
• Mankhwala pamene ntchito ndi biomaterial.
• Kutsatira mapulasitiki izi yosungirako chakudya. Makamaka zosavomerezeka kuthira mu muli mowa, zinthu. Pankhaniyi tingati ndi ofanana ndi magetsi.

Panopa chiwerengero cha ma polima styrenic kuphatikizapo ABS, onse chofunika ndi kusonkhezera mapulasitiki ndi 50%.

Kodi angachite ngati poyizoni styrene

Zikatero, ngati munthu kwa nthawi yaitali poyera kuti woipa apamwamba fumes styrene ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro za poyizoni, muyenera kuchita zimenezi:

• Chotsani munthu zinkakhala pa malo zakhudzana kuyeretsa mpweya.
• Ngati wakomoka kapena osauka kwambiri chikhalidwe ntchito ndi mpweya chigoba.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, kupanga ndi kupuma yokumba.
• Muziona kutentha kwa thupi akhudzidwa. Sayenera kuchuluka kapena utachepa.

Pamene styrene anali pa khungu kapena mucous nembanemba ayenera kusamba wodzaza ndi madzi. Chithandizo nthawi sayenera Pasanathe mphindi 15. Pambuyo ntchito yake wovulalayo chofunika kuti kuchipatala. Ngati styrene mwadzidzidzi afika mkati thupi, m'pofunika woyamba wa zonse kumwa wambiri kwambiri mkaka kapena madzi. Patatha izi, wodwala ayenera yomweyo m'chipatala.

Monga mukuonera, ulimi wa styrene - ndondomeko yomwe, ngati chitetezo malamulo antchito si vuto lililonse. Choncho, pogwira ntchito yopanga mu makampani ayenera kukhala osamala ndi osamala. Kodi kukhala tcheru pamene kugula zipangizo zamakono nyumba ndi chakudya muli polystyrene.