Spoons kwa Pike. catchability spoons kwambiri Pike: Mavoti

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nyambo zokopa zachuluka zakula kwambiri moti nthawi zina, popita nsomba, simudziwa ngakhale zomwe mungachite ndi inu. Masitolo apadera amapereka anglers osiyanasiyana, obblers, twist, vibro-mphutsi, jig nozzles, spinnerbates, etc.. Kumvetsetsa maina onsewa, ndipo ngakhale kusankha nyambo yabwino kuchokera kwa iwo - ntchitoyo si yosavuta. Ndizochitika zaka 20-30 zapitazo, pamene, kupatulapo spinner, ife tinalibe bobini wina uliwonse wopota. Ndipo iwo anagwira, ndipo ngakhale abwino kwambiri.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Spinner ndi nyambo yamakono yopota, yomwe imadziwika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mphuno yoyamba yotereyi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amamera a American amateur. Iwo anali mu mawonekedwe a supuni, ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo anapangidwa kuchokera kwa icho. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyamboyo inali yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ngati nyambo yabwino yopangira chilombo. Panali kusintha kwakukulu, kusinthidwa kwa mtundu wina wa nsomba, nyengo komanso zosiyana siyana.

Masiku ano supuni yamapuni siinatayike kufunika kwake ndipo imapitilira kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pophika nsomba zowonongeka. Ndiye chinsinsi cha kutchuka kotere ndi chiyani?

Mitundu yambiri ya supuni

Pike ndi nyama yowonongeka kwambiri yomwe ili m'dera lathu. Zinali zovuta kuti nsomba ziziyambitsidwa, zomwe zidazi zimakhala pamalo oyamba. Mphunozi nthawi zonse zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonetsere kayendedwe ka nsomba zamtendere m'madzi.

Ngati simusanthula muzinthu zamakono zamakono za nsomba, ndiye kuti pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zikhomo: oscillating (oscillating) ndi kuzungulira (turntables). Zina mwazo zimasintha zambiri zomwe zasintha pakukonzekera, poganizira mtundu wina wa nsomba, nyengo, zida za gombe, magalimoto, ndi zina zotero.

Zopindulitsa za ziphuphu zosagwedezeka

Kukhazikika kwa supuni yamapuni kuli ndi ubwino wambiri pazinthu zina zokopa:

1. Mtengo wotsika ndi kuthekera kwa kudzipanga yekha.
2. Universality of application. Gwirani ndi fosholo m'madzi otseguka mungathe nsomba iliyonse yamtundu uliwonse pa nyanjayi iliyonse.
3. Kukhoza kusintha kusintha kwa kumizidwa mwa kusintha mphamvu ya wiring.
4. Kudalirika. Mapangidwe a oscillator ndi osavuta kwambiri kotero kuti mwayi wa kulephera kwake (kuphatikizapo kuswa kwa tchire) wafupika kukhala zero.
5. Kutayidwa kutali. Kulemera kwa maulendo osokoneza amakulolani kuti muponyedwe pamtunda wa mamita 70.
6. Kuchita bwino. Mwa kugwira ngakhale zida zodzipangira nokha sizili zocheperapo kwa otsika mtengo kwambiri.

Mafuta a supuni

Kuti nsomba za pike, nsomba zapakatikati kapena zazikulu zazikulu zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito, malingana ndi ntchito ya wodya. Iwo ndi mbale imodzi yachitsulo yokhala ndi zingwe zambiri kapena zowonjezera, zokhota m'njira yina. Kawirikawiri ubweya wa spinner uli ndi mtundu wa nsomba zamtendere, ndipo nthawizina mawonekedwe amatsanzira masikelo a nsomba. Kuti mufanane kwambiri, nthawi zina zida zosiyana zingagwirizane nazo ngati mawonekedwe a pulasitiki omwe amafanana ndi mapiko a "ntchentche".

Pokhala ndi zoweta zochokera m'ngalawa kapena nsomba za m'nyengo yozizira, tri-granges nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito - zilembo zolemerera pamtunda. Zilibe zofanana ndi nsomba, koma sizimakhudza zofunikira zawo.

Mmene mungakhalire ndi madzi otsekemera m'madzi

Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a zilakolako, khalidwe lawo pamene wiringamu m'madzi ndi osiyana. Malinga ndi mtundu wa kayendetsedwe ka magulu, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Kusinthasintha. Pamene wiring, supuni imatembenuka kuzungulira kwake kotenga nthawi yowunikira, yomwe imakopa nyamayo mwangwiro kumapeto kwa kasupe pa malo oyera pa zomera.
2. Kuthamanga. Mukamayendetsa galimoto, supuni ya supuni imanyamuka mozungulira. Izi ndizomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri pa pike. M'dzinja, ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta, njira iyi mungadzipezere nokha nsomba zabwino kwambiri.
3. Kuphatikizidwa. Malinga ndi mtundu ndi liwiro la waya, nyambo zimatha kusintha ndi kusambira. Osakonzedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anglers a novice, ngati sakuyendetsedwa bwino, khalidwe lawo m'madzi silidziwika.

Nsomba za Pike pa chigwa cha autumn zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lachiwiri la supuni, koma pamasiku otentha a chilimwe zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe kapenanso kachitidwe kachinyengo ka tchalitchi. Wotsirizira, mwa njira, sasiyana ndi masewera apadera alionse. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuthamanga kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Ndiponso, matchalitchi akuluakulu omwe ankasambira pamphepete mwa nsombayi ankadziwika kuti anali asodzi m'nyengo yozizira.

Ngati nsomba imachitika m'madera opotoka kapena obiriwira pansi, ndikofunika kupewa zikopa. Apo ayi, simungathe kungokhala popanda kugwira, komanso popanda mwambo. Chifukwa cha ichi, ziphuphu zina zimakhala ndi mzere wapadera, osalola kuti zifulumire pansi, komanso kuti zikonzekere m'mphepete mwa madzi. Zochita zoterozo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga pang'onopang'ono panthawi yazing'ono zowonongeka. Pofuna kusodza m'mikhalidwe yovuta, chomwe chimatchedwa "chosalongosola" chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nkhumbayi imakhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera pa khola, zomwe zimazitetezera ku khola la mwangozi.

Mmene mungasankhire mtundu wa nyambo

Kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe, mtundu wa supuni ndi wofunika kwambiri. Mitundu yake imasankhidwa malinga ndi njira zingapo:

• Nthawi ya chaka;
• Nthawi ya tsiku;
• Mbali za gombe (mtundu wa pansi, kuonekera kwa madzi, kupezeka kwa zomera, kuthamanga, etc.)

Mtundu wa supuniyi imayenderana ndi ntchito ya pike. M'chaka ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn, pamene wodwalayo ali ndi njala, supuni imayenera kukhala yowala kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira komanso pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe: zoyera ndi zachikasu popanda zojambula zina.

Ponena za nthawi yamasana, pano mtundu wa mtunduwu umakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofunikira kwambiri pa zowonongeka. Kumayambiriro kwamawa, pamene munthu wanjala akuyenda kufunafuna chakudya, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowala, atatha kudya komanso madzulo - mitundu yopanda ndale.

Zomera zambiri pansi zimachepetsanso kugonana ndi nyama. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nsomba yamtendere yambiri imakonda kukhala m'mitengo. Si chakudya chokha, komanso mobisa kubisala kwa wodwalayo. Mu mkhalidwe uno, kuthamanga pa pike, mosasamala kanthu ka nthawi ya tsiku, kumakhala kotheka kwambiri, ndiko kuti, kowala.

Kupalasa nsomba pamakhala chidziwitso chimodzi - kuunika komanso kumveka bwino madzi m'nyanjayi, mdima ndi mdima umayenera kukhala ndi nyambo.

Kodi kukula kuli kofunikira?

Kukula kwa nyambo ndi chimodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri pa kusankha kwake kolondola. Kupalasa mwamphamvu kumakhala kosauka komanso umbombo, choncho kumatengedwa ku nyambo yaing'ono pokhapokha kutentha kwa chilimwe kapena kuzizira.

Pofuna kugwilitsila nchito phokoso la kasupe , supuni imatchulidwa kawirikawiri pamasentimita 8 mpaka 17. Panthawi imeneyi, wanyama ndi amene ali ndi njala, ndipo nyambo yoteroyo imakhala yokondweretsa. Kupha nsomba ku September ndi theka la mwezi wa October kungathenso kuchitidwa ndi ophikawo. M'chilimwe ndi kumapeto kwa autumn, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosapitirira kuposa masentimita 7.

Nkhumba

Nyambo iliyonse yopota, kuphatikizapo mabirubirating baubles, imakulolani kuti musankhe kukula kwa chikopacho. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhazikika pa mphete yowumitsa. Kukula kwake kumasankhidwa malingana ndi kukula kwa nyambo ndi mtundu wa nsomba zomwe muyenera kusaka. Nkofunika kuti ndowe isapitirire kukula kwa supuni-nyambo m'kati mwake, mwinamwake wanyamayo amatha kukayikira izi.

Kawirikawiri, kuthamanga kwa pike kumakhala ndi tee imodzi mu mchira. Koma zitsanzo zina zingakhale ndi zingwe zina kutsogolo kapena kumbali ya "mimba". Nthawi zina amadzimadzi amadzimangirira mwa kusintha mtundu, kukula kapena nambala.

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa, zidole zoweta, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asodzi osambira m'ma 60-70s a zaka zapitazi, adakali ndi udindo wapamwamba. Zaka makumi ambiri za Soviet oscillators zakhala zizindikiro za nsomba zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popha nsomba. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yotetezeka inalipo ndipo inatsala:

1. "Atomu" ndi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wotchedwa Soviet spinner, yemwe amatsogolera chiwerengero cha nsomba za pike, pike ndi "humpback". Zapangidwa ndi makampani ambiri ndi makampani, kuphatikizapo akunja. Ili ndi maseŵera osalala, omwe amayesedwa. Ungakhale ndi mitundu yosiyana. Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wosodza nsomba ndi "miyala yamadzi".
2. "Chernospinka" ndi supu (16 g) ya Soviet, yolemekezeka ndi gawo lakuda lakuda. Mafano amasiku ano amapangidwa ku Russia komanso kutali kwambiri ndi malire ake. Izi ndizozizira kwambiri m'nthaka, zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri pamtunda wa mamita 3-4 ndi masewera otsika kwambiri.
3. "Mbalame" ndizodziwika bwino, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zopezeka pakhomo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mamba a nsomba. Zimagwira ntchito zabwino poyenda pamtunda pamdima wosazama. Mu gawo la mchira muli pulasitiki wofiira "mbendera".
4. "Sturling" - imodzi yapamwamba komanso yotchuka pike kugwedezeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa pike nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira zora. Siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamathamanga othamanga, chifukwa, pakupeza liwiro, limayamba kusinthasintha mozungulira kuzungulira kotalika.
5. "Kupambana" ndi malo athu okhala ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri. Angakhale ndi mtundu wa siliva kapena wamkuwa. Ngakhale dzinali, osati galimoto yaikulu yamtundu wotereyi kuti ipite. Koma pamene akusaka pike ndi asp, iwo sali ofanana.
6. "Baltic" - mabomba akuluakulu a Soviet omwe ali ndi zofiira ndi zobiriwira. Mafananidwe amasiku ano ndi abwino kwambiri pamphepete kuti apeze madzi osaya. Pamene waya wambiri umayambitsa zowonongeka kwambiri za hydrodynamic, zomwe zimatha kukonda mbalame kuchokera kutali.
7. "Triangle" - nyambo yolemera ya pakhomo, yokonzedwa pansi kuti igwire nyama zodya nyama. Zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa bwino kwambiri ndi gulu lalikulu la boti m'chilimwe.

N'zoona kuti si onse omwe amawotchera akugwedezeka chifukwa cha zokolola zapakhomo. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza zonsezi, koma asodzi akale amakumbukira mwatsatanetsatane mitundu monga Crocodile, Norway, Karelia, Murena, Dnepr, Gnome ndi ena. Ena mwa iwo amaiwala, ndipo ena amapangidwa tsopano pansi pa mayina ena.

Nyerere yabwino kwambiri yobweretsedwa

Kunja kwina, kumatuluka, ndikufunanso kusodza nsomba, kotero kuti spoonbills zambiri zimapangidwa ku Western Europe. Asia siimatsamira pambuyo pake, ndipo nthawizina ili patsogolo pake. Msika wa lero wa nsomba zodzaza ndi zodzala ndi zinthu zachi China. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi sizinapambane zonyenga zamatchulidwe odziwika. Ponena za zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zimaloledwa kupangira pike, chiwerengero chawo chikuwoneka ngati chonchi:

1. "Syclops" ndi supuni yopambana kwambiri ya kampani ya ku France Mepps. Odziwika ndi otchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Ali ndi kupindika kawiri, mawonekedwe ovuta komanso thupi losiyanasiyana, lomwe limaloleza kuti liwone masewera olimbitsa thupi a hydrodynamic. "Syclops" ndi pike yabwino kwambiri yoitanirako chifukwa cha vuli pa nthawi ya zhora.
2. Effzett ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku kampani ya Germany DAM. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo anagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo. Chithunzi cha "Stortling" yathu. Zapangidwa ndi opanga osiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Zimagwira ntchito bwino poima pamadzi ndi pazing'ono zamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zochepa.
3. "Rasanen" - chiwonongeko chonse kuchokera ku kampani yopambana ya Japan ku Kuusamo. Chitsanzochi chikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wokhalapo wa supuni yomwe imatchulidwa ndi akatswiri pofuna kusaka chilombo chachikulu. Zitha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi kukula kwake.
4. "Kastmaster" - makina apadera a ku America aatali kwambiri. Zatsimikiziridwa zokha kuti nsomba ya chilimwe ikhale yotentha m'nyengo yake yochepa.
5. "Minnow Spoon" - yabwino "nezatseplyayka" kuchokera ku kampani ya Finnish Rapala. Amakulolani kuti mupeze nyama zowonongeka pansi pa zovuta zambiri.
6. "Eira" - mphuno yabwino kwambiri pa pike mu autumn kuchokera ku kampani ya ku France Rublex. Ili ndi mawonekedwe achikale. Ali ndi tee yowonjezera pamutu. Odziwika ndi masewera otalika kwambiri. Imapezeka muzithunzi ziwiri: 55 ndi 76 mm.
7. "BamboCro" ndi malo onse okhala ndi kampani ya Sweden ABU. Chifaniziro cha "Nkhata" yathu. Oyenerera kuwedza nsomba mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn.

Odzipanga okha opanga

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilakolako zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika, anglers ena amakonda kupanga zitsanzo zopangira zitsanzo. Zosintha zosavuta pa pike ndi manja awo zapangidwa kuchokera ku supuni wamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Aluminium, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, ndithudi, sikugwira ntchito, koma idzangopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Kuphika pa supuni yaing'ono ya supuni idzakwanira. Lili ndi kulemera kwakukulu mofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa maulendo apakati ndi apakatikati. Kuti mupeze zojambula, ndi bwino kutenga supuni. Koma zipangizozi, mudzafunikira hacksaw yazitsulo, fayilo, sandpaper ndi kubowola ndi kochepa (1-2 mm).

Zokwanira kuti muwononge chophimbacho, pewani malo a machekawo, perekani maenje awiri pamtunda wa longitudinal kuti mutseke leash ndi ndowe, ndipo pulasitiki yakuyambira ikukonzekera. Amatsalira kuti alowe mumabowo a mphete ndikugwirizanitsa tee. Kuti muthe kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida kunja kwa supuni yomwe imatsanzira mamba, komanso mbendera za pulasitiki zowala mumchira. Pa nthawi ya kuchepa kwathunthu, izi zinali zabwino zokhazokha zoyenda patsiku ndi masika.

Musataye chiguduli kuchokera ku supuni. Kuchokera pamenepo mumatha kupanga "pellet" yaing'ono ya asp.

Pokhala ndi manja ochepa "oongoka" ndi chidutswa cha pepala, mungathe kupanga supuni yaikulu. Izi ndi zoyenera zamkuwa, zamkuwa, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosungunuka, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo polemba, kudula ndi kupukuta ntchito, imapatsidwa mawonekedwe ndi thandizo la mpira wachitsulo, nyundo ndi chithandizo chopangidwa ndi softwood. Pofuna kuti nyambo yam'mbuyo ikhale yodalirika m'madzi, zitsanzozo zimatenga bubu la kugula lokonzekera bwino ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake pa ntchito.

Copper ndi galvanized zokometsera katundu mosavuta utoto ndi nitrocellulose.

Yesetsani Kuti Mukhale Wovuta

Kuwedza kwa phokoso lamapiko kungakhale kothandiza ngati gear imasankhidwa bwino. Ndikofunikira kusankha bwino ndikuyesa ndodo, ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndi coil ndi nsomba.

Kuwedza pamapiko, mapepala apakati kapena apakati-ofulumizitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwake kumasankhidwa malingana ndi zofunikira zogwira. Ngati mukufuna kukwera kuchokera mu boti, zokwanira 2-2.5 m. Kuwedza kuchokera kunyanja mumasowa osachepera mamita atatu m'litali.

Popeza kuti osakanizidwa ndi supuni imakhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko iyenera kukhala yoyenera kulemera kwa nyambo. Kuti mupewe vuto ngati mawonekedwe osweka, ndi bwino ngati chiwerengero cha mayesero ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha oscillation.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito zingwe zotsika zotsika zosadziwika za nsomba za pike. Nyongolotsi yaikulu imatha kuswa pokha ngati siitetezedwe ndi makina odalirika. Ndibwino kuti mutsekemera wotsutsana uli ndi kusintha kumbuyo. Pamene vyvazhivanii lalikulu pike, njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri. Kukula kwake kwa coil ndi 2500-4000.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mzere, mungagwiritse ntchito zida zonse komanso monofilament. Njira yoyamba, ndithudi, idzakhala yodalirika kwambiri kuposa monophyle, makamaka ngati ndi nkhani yaikulu ya migodi. Kutsika kwake kwachingwe ndi 0.2 mm, kwa monofilament - 0.25 mm.

Ntchito zana chala kwa Pike kutero. Iye mosavuta snacking kuluka aliyense, osanenapo alipidwa nsomba mzere. Childs ntchito zitsulo kapena tungsten leashes kutalika 15-30 cm.

Pamene ntchito spinners yaing'ono chithunzithunzi akhoza kulemera thupi zina, amene ali pabwino pamwamba pa zana chala cha. chimake Izi ntchito mafunde amphamvu, ndi kuonjezera kuponyera mtunda.

Kulumikizana Features

Koma wabwino chintchito ndipo anapereka catchability nyambo zokwanira kubwerera kwawo ku ulendo nsomba, ndi nsomba bwino. Yoyenera Kulumikizana kolebalki Pike ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri okhudza chilombo anachita. Kuli njira yochitira nyambo mu madzi Komabe, iwo zimagwira ntchito kwa mtundu winawake wa spinner. Taonani anthu otchuka.

1. Yunifolomu. Zapamwamba mu nyambo nsomba. Pambuyo akuponya supuni nyambo kuloledwa kugwa pansi, kenako utomoni wonunkhira ndi bwino kudzera chokulungira zida ndi mwamphamvu zonse. Abwino opaleshoni mu madzi lotseguka ndi pansi woyera wowonekera. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa Kulumikizana ntchito "Atom", "amatidwa mawu akuti Shad", "Shtorling», «Effzett», «Syclops», «Eira». Nsomba Pike mu September ndi oyambirira October adzakhala zothandiza kwambiri ngati inu ntchito njira imeneyi.
2. Liwiro. Ntchito nthawi ntchito otsika Pike pa madzi "woyera". Akamanena za lolemba izi kuti pambuyo akuponya ndi likumira nyambo ndodo limatuluka steeply pamene mzere podmatyvaniem nsomba. Kenako kupota adatchithisira pansi, kukatseka chokulungira kasinthasintha. magulu awa mobwerezabwereza pansipa. Woterowo Kulumikizana jig anawamvera mu mzere wosweka kuchokera pansi pamwamba ndi kumbuyo. Mgwireni njira iyi, pakalibe zomera aliyense akhoza supuni.
3. Kukokana. Njira sasamalira malangizo alionse kuvomerezedwa. kugwedezeka Izi Kutitsogolera wasankhidwa kolebalki yeniyeni ndi kuyeserera kangapo. Nthawi zambiri otchinga jerks ndi akutsatiridwa horizontally ndi ndodo kunsonga, adatchithisira pansi. Ngakhale kukokana ndi zambiri lakonzedwa kuti ntchito crankbaits, spoons komanso zimagwira ntchito apa. Ambiri abwino Mwaichi «Syclops» ndi «Kastmaster».
4. "Kuopa" Kulumikizana. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti nyambo ya wochititsidwa ndi kumalavula yaing'ono. Baubles mu mtundu umenewu shudders, pokumbukira mantha mwachangu.
5. Mofulumira-deceleration. Mtundu uwu wa yunifolomu Kulumikizana. The okha kusiyana - kusintha mayendedwe podmatyvaniya chintchito. Pambuyo kumiza spinners opangidwa Mwachitsanzo, asanu akutembenukira ku mwamphamvu yapamwamba, ndipo pambuyo - atatu akutembenukira otsika. Ndiye mkombero akubwereza.
6. Obwerawa Kulumikizana. Njira imeneyi imagwira yabwino kwa anglers ozindikira manja wakale nyambo nsomba, ndi mphamvu ya kumva khalidwe la nyambo mu madzi. Imakhala ngati mix wa wotuluka zosiyanasiyana. Nyambo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo onse.