Semenovskaya matryoshka: history, kufotokoza ndi siginecha. Semenov mbuye utoto kukaikira mazira zidole 1600

Semenovskaya matryoshka - anamva dzina ntchito yaluso, zonse kumbukirani kunyumba ya Khokhloma kupenta, tchire mbuye, aluso nkhuni kusema. Poyamba matryoshka sanali woyamba wa ambuye onse, koma kosatha zinazika mizu mwa zamanja wowerengeka mzinda wa Semenov a dera Nizhny Novgorod. Chidole losiyana kukongola ndi mtundu wapadera.

Semenovskaya matryoshka - mmodzi wa ambiri wapadera ndi zizindikiro kwambiri kuzindikira wa Russia. Zikuoneka kachikumbutso ili kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, pamene mbiri za dziko, zinthu zambiri zasintha kopambana, kusintha chikhalidwe cha anthu Russian. Iwo ukufalikira nthawi ya "kalembedwe Asilavo" pa nthawi ino. The chidwi kukula mu luso latsopano chabwino Komabe, nakhalanso zamanja akale.

Kodi chidole kukaikira mazira?

Ngati inu kuyesera kupereka tanthauzo la chidole ichi, adzanena motere: Matryoshka - Russian matabwa chidole, mkati mwa zimene ophatikizidwa ngati amasiyana ndi mzake kukula ndiponso kupenta, monga zidole matryoshka.

Woyamba chidole otere ndi mtengo unaperekedwa kwa anthu mu maonekedwe a eyiti interlaces atsikana - anyamata, amene inkachitika manja awo wakuda tambala wamng'ono tsyplyatok, ndi wotsiriza, wamng'ono, anali mu mawonekedwe a mwana munsalu. zidole onse asanu ndi atatu utoto utoto wowala wachikuda ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola wowerengeka. Ine kudula woyamba matryoshka Master matoyi VP Zvezdochkin ndi penti ndi sv Malyutin.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kupanga zosemasema mu "kalembedwe dziko", odziwika ojambula zithunzi, cabinetmakers, ndiponso ogwira ntchito zambiri ganyu anatenga nyemba zidole anthu ena. Pali kachitidwe kwa Japanese onse, chifukwa toyesa a kum'maŵa luso kuitana pa nthawi chidwi kwambiri. Ndiye, ndipo anamubweretsa kwa dziko kholo lathu Zidole Russian kukaikira mazira.

Ku mzinda Japanese wa Honshu anabweretsa Chithunzi cha tchire Chibuda - Fukurumu mwa zomwe angapo chomwecho, kanthu kakang'ono chabe anali padera. Chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito iyi yoyamba ya luso chosema ndi Russian Chimonko, mozizwitsa anagwira pa zilumba za Japan.

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Semyonov matryoshka, amene mbiri kumayambira m'ma 19, analengedwa mu chifanizo cha Fukurumu, zinali chithunzi wake wakhala chitsanzo zidole Russian.

ophiphiritsa

Semenovskaya matryoshka - chizindikiro cha amayi amphamvu ndi mkazi wathanzi. The chidole, omwe amanyamula banja lonse, ndi chizindikiro cha kubereka.

Female - kholo, homemakers. Mayi ankayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama poyang'anira ana, kusamalira chakudya chawo chifukwa Kumafunikira manja amphamvu ndi thanzi, nchifukwa chake Semyonov kukaikira mazira chidole imaoneka amadya ndi ukufalikira.

zidole Mathithiŵa kuimira banja amphamvu, mothandizana ndi ubwenzi wauzimu.

Chifukwa dzina lakuti "matryoshka"

Fotokozani dzina la zidole Russian mungathe mwa kupenda onse mfundo zotsatirazi. Matryoshka, Matrona, Matryosha - muzu wa mawu ndi chiyambi Latin. Mater Latin kwenikweni anamasuliridwa kuti "mayi", n'zochititsa chidwi kuti tanthauzo lina la mawu sakutero.

Matryoshka - ndilochokera pa dzina Mary, Manya, Marie. Limeneli ndi dzina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito Asilavo wa nthawi zonse.

Matryoshka - dzina la Chibuda wamkazi Matri.

Kosatha mbiri ya

Pa chionetsero World ku Paris mu 1900 Russian matryoshka anapambana chilengedwe kuvomereza, kenako kupanga ake adakwera kuphiri, monga kufunika chawonjezeka kangapo. Ndipo Semenov - mzinda wa mankhwala matabwa - anayamba alendo latsopano. Semenovskaya matryoshka, mbiri ya chilengedwe chimene atayamba, wakhala wotchuka kwambiri, monga m'misili kuti mosavuta anatenga zambiri zotsimikizira zidole matabwa, angwiro luso ntchito kuwala mitundu kwa kupenta.

Poyamba, mbuye akupera, kenako utoto zidole kunyumba, ndiye zokambirana, ndipo anayamba ntchito pa fakitale, kukwaniritsa malamulo lalikulu.

Semenov amatchedwa "likulu Lozhkarev" Russia ndi zidole kukaikira mazira sizinali pa malo oyamba kupanga mankhwala matabwa. Iwo anapangidwa kuchokera kungotaya spoons anapanga. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mukutengera ku wakunja kwatawuni ambuye zambiri zotsimikizira Russian Mathithiŵa zidole, m'misili anapanga zizindikiro zawo khalidwe mu chithunzi Semyonov chidole kukaikira mazira. Chifanizo cha chidole yowala amakhala kuzindikira kuti ayamba kutchuka osati Russia komanso kunja.

Kubadwa kwa zidole

Wobadwa woyamba Semyonov kukaikira mazira chidole, lomwe limafotokoza nkhani ya chilengedwe m'nkhani m'chigawo Semenov m'mudzi wa Old Okhulupirira - Merinova Nizhny Novgorod chigawo. Anthu ambiri Merinova udachita pamene kugulitsa ziwiya matabwa, mabokosi detachable wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutulutsa malonda zabodza zopezeka kutembenukira zidole, ndi zidole ndiye zinapeza malo okhala.

Kale mu 1929 ndi zidole kukaikira mazira anali kupanga okhwima kalembedwe Semenovskiy - ndi chithunzi wapadera, ndi mtundu, kalankhulidwe Zavolzhsky luso matabwa. Woyamba mbuye-matoyi, amene anapanga zidole awa anali Vaginas wamkulu merinovskie amisiri. zidole woyamba zinalengedwa pa chitsanzo cha zidole womwewo wa Nizhny Novgorod - bearded okalamba ndi ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba inde.

Wina merinovsky mbuye - matoyi Mayorov, kunyumba ya chidole chomwechi kuchokera Nizhny Novgorod, okhawo amene anali ndi chipolopolo kanthu, mkati ndi kunja. The mwana wamkulu wa mbuye utoto chidole mu zake m'mbali mwa Russian sundress ndi yowala maluwa yofiira thewera la, "kuvala" mutu wake wowala kokoshnik. Ndipo utoto zidole merinovski, chabwino, pamodzi ndi merinovskoy kupenta anawonekera mwapadera chidole ichi. Choncho anabadwa chodabwitsa Semyonov kukaikira mazira chidole.

Pamodzi ndi iwo, Semenov pogaya ambiri zisangalalo ena matabwa. Ojambula zithunzi zojambulidwa iwo onse kalembedwe chomwecho Khokhloma kupenta. Zojambula padziko mankhwala matabwa Poyamba ali ophweka, koma m'kupita chokongoletsera zimalimbikitsa yowala mitundu, zinthu zinasintha kwambiri, anawonjezera dongosolo zambiri masamba. Semenovskaya matabwa matryoshka unali wokongola kwambiri ndi zokongola.

Monga anapanga zidole kukaikira mazira

Matryoshka - chidole ndi dzenje mkati. Kale zimakupangitsani inu ndikudabwa za luso lalikulu la amisiri, ilo limachita. Mathithiŵa chidole malonda ndi zovuta, amafuna kwambiri luso ndi kuleza mtima. Osati mtundu uliwonse kuthabwa ndi oyenera kupanga, kotero kusankha mbuye nkhuni mokhudzika. Nthawi zambiri ntchito miyala ngati birch, linden, Aspen, nthaŵi zina alder. Mtengo ndi kudula m'nyengo yozizira mochedwa kapena kasupe oyambirira. Sankhani mbiya yosalala, popanda mfundo limene anachekedwa mu zipika angapo, ndiyeno kuchotsa khungwa ndipo mtengowo pasakhale ming'alu pamene youma, m'mbali ali topaka dongo. Pambuyo yosungirako mitengo chipinda bwino mpweya wokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali zouma, koma musati desiccate. "Tree mphete - zomwe tiyenera!" - anati mbuye, ndipo ngakhale limafufuza kwa fungo la. kayendedwe zolondola ndi waluso kukukuta mawonekedwe ankafunila la mankhwala, ndi matryoshka woyamba kwambiri zimapangitsa zazing'ono. Latha machined chithunzi sanded, primed ndi opukutidwa. Only amayamba kujambula padziko, ntchito gouache, watercolor, akiliriki kapena mafuta utoto.

Odabwitsa kukongola kupenta

Semenov utoto zidole kukaikira mazira anapanga wotchuka Semenovskiy Khokhloma kalembedwe ntchito zinthu zithunzi ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola a Russia wakale. Kuti kunja kukongoletsa zinthu mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ulimi wa alendo.

The zidole woyamba anapangidwa ana wamba, kotero wodzichepetsa utoto zosiyanasiyana. Ndi lakuthwa tsekwe nthenga ojambula ntchito kwa contours a nkhope ndi zovala, kenako maziko a utoto utoto aniline mithunzi yowala ya mlangali, kapezi, buluu, wobiriwira ndi mitundu wofiirira. Maziko Semyonov Mathithiŵa chidole kupenta - lalikulu yowala mitundu, aposa ndi pock, mabwalo, mauta, maluwa pang'ono. Pamwamba utoto matreshkas ntchito wosanjikiza wa sera, lacquer patapita ntchito.

Izi imakhudzanso miyambo kukaikira mazira zidole Semenov, pamene nthawi inayamba kuonekera zidole kachikumbutso mu yapamwamba "kalembedwe Russian" amene silhouettes ndizodzazidwa ndi m'mbiri ( "Taras Bulba", "Napoleon", "Kutuzov"). Amakumana zidole kukaikira mazira anatchuka kwambiri umunthu wa mafumu a banja ( "The Romanov banja"), ndi boyars, olemba ( "Gogol", "Pushkin", "Mapiko") ndi ngwazi za nkhani zawo ndi nkhani ( "The mpiru", "gingerbread").

Folk cholowa cha dziko

Pakuti ambiri Semenov Mathithiŵa chidole luso chinthu cholowa. Semenov masitolo, chidole zingwe komanso kumvera ogwirizana fakitale wina. Mu 1954 panali olowa mukupanga "matoyi", umene reorganized ku fakitale kale mu 1960. Kuyambira pamenepa ndi yopanga zidole Mipikisano kukaikira mazira, zidole anapangidwa kuchokera 18, 25 Mathithiŵa zidole. zidole ambiri-Mathithiŵa anapangidwa zochitika wotchuka ndi madeti chachikulu.

Semenov mbuye utoto kukaikira mazira zidole 1600

Wapadera kupenta Semyonov matryoshka anati lero. alendo pachiyambi "Semenovskaya penti" fakitale zodabwitsa assortment ake. Posachedwapa Semenov mbuye utoto 1600 Zidole, koma iwo lekani. Monga kachikumbutso ndi, chidole ichi wakhala ndipo adzakhala mphatso kwambiri pa gawo la dziko lathu, ndi kunja. Izi zimaonetsa za kutchuka mayiko Zidole Russian kukaikira mazira.