Rococo kalembedwe pa zomangamanga a ku Ulaya. zomangamanga Rococo ku Russia

Quirky ndi whimsical chikhalidwe uwu unachokera mu France m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. zomangamanga Rococo si kwambiri kudziletsa malangizo monga mphindi ena mu chitukuko cha poto-European Baroque.

mbali khalidwe la rococo ndi

Rococo kalembedwe pa zomangamanga - mmodzi wa oyamba m'madera paluso, umene unachoka ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi anakadandaula ku mitu chipangizo ndi oyengeka bwino. Akatswiri ena ndi akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kukuchititsa zimenezi yodziwika ndi omasuka ndiponso ochezeka ndipo frivolity. Komabe, izo yathandiza kwambiri pa zizolowezi zina zambiri ndi masitaelo paluso onse.

Nthawi zambiri kuwonekera kwa rococo zomangamanga, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona pang'ono pansipa wolongosoledwa monga kuwala ndi nzeru. Izo mwamtheradi si anaona kuyengedwa, chimagwirira ndi ungwiro wa mitundu, kubisala kuseri kwa frivolity chenicheni.

Rococo luso - makamaka dziko zopeka zinakuchitikirani wolimba n'zopanda ed, kukongoletsa kuyengedwa ndi kudziŵa. Palibe mwamtheradi pathos malo ndi ungwazi. M'malo awo zongopeka, zipangizo ndiponso masewera a chikondi.

Wakuti mzere uwu ndi n'njokhota ndi capricious mzere kuti mawonekedwe ake akufanana chipolopolo, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu njira mapulani Rococo.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Kamangidwe azimuth amatchedwa "Rococo" inatuluka mu France m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. M'masiku amenewo linali yankho otchedwa kuti "kalembedwe chachikulu" - ndi classicism yaikulu ndi osakayika, nduna Baroque chitsanzo momveka bwino ndilo Palace ya Versailles wa Louis XIV. Baroque kalembedwe pa zomangamanga ndi zina luso chogwidwa pafupifupi nthawi yonse ya ulamuliro wa Sun Mfumu.

Dziwani kuti kwa pakati pa XVIII atumwi ku Ulaya, amaika frivolity wa Rococo anayamba pang'onopang'ono kupita mafashoni, koma mu mtima m'dzikoli ndi masiku luso wakhala wotchuka pafupifupi kwa zaka za m'ma.

Mawu akuti "Rococo" lachokera ku French mawu rocaille, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "chodabwitsa," "capricious" ndi "makombo a miyala" ndi "chipolopolo". Pa kuli lonse la kalembedwe chinalengedwa ndi nambala zosaneneka za ntchito zaluso ndi zomangamanga, koma mmodzi wa lofunika kwambiri ndi gulu loyimba m'matawuni France - kuipidwa ongokhala zitatu mu mzinda wa Nancy mu Lorraine.

Rococo mu Europe

Dera la ku Ulaya chidafundidwa ndi mumaganiza m'goli ndi zochita za izi kayendedwe luso. Komabe, mayiko ena ndipo limati ndithu kwambiri anamva zotsatira za kalembedwe imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, France ndi zapamwamba tate wa rococo, koma kwambiri zofala Rococo kalembedwe a zomangamanga anafika ku Germany, makamaka kwambiri zimaonekera Prussia pa bwalo la Frederick II.

The kuukonza wa anasonyeza malangizo opezeka wapamwamba ensembles yachifumu ku Germany, France, Russia ndi ena limati zina.

French zomangamanga hotelo amakhala ndi lokongola zobiriwira za mlengalenga mkati - rocaille Interiors zogwirizana kwambiri pamodzi ndi mamangidwe ndi okhwima kunja kwa nyumbayi. Rococo kalembedwe pa zomangamanga ndi kupita kwa nthawi anayamba kufalitsa mu Europe. Austria, Poland ndi ku Czech Republic posachedwapa kumva zochita za mumaganiza mafashoni mu luso.

Rococo ku Russia

Yapamwamba mumaganiza European rococo m'ma 18 mu Russia anayamba kusonyeza pacimake pakati pa zaka za m'ma. Nthawi zambiri mzere uwu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongola mkati mwa Interiors yachifumu ndi stucco pa pamakoma a nyumba zambiri, komanso ena nthambi za Tirhana na Timatheriyali. Machitidwe mapulani kalembedwe anabwera Russia ku France ndi pafupifupi theka m'ma mochedwa.

Mu 1662, Mfumu ya France - Louis XIV - akuyamba kumanga Versailles, ndipo mu 1710 apo Peterhof mu Russia. Osafika theka zana, monga wotchuka wamanga Antonio Rinaldi yomanga Oranienbaum, pakati pa mpanda wolimba Peterstadt, rococo-kalembedwe nyumba. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII izo kawirikawiri unkatchedwa "The Stone House" ndipo tsopano pali Museum "Dvorets Petra III».

Maonekedwe a rococo zomangamanga likulu kumpoto kwa Russia

Stone nyumba ku likulu la kumpoto kwa Russia ndi ofanana paki hema ndipo anapanga chochititsa mawonekedwe - apakati ndi kudula-kuchokera kwa yosalala Arc njingayo. Pamwamba pa chitseko chapakati ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi khonde ndi kudzikondweretsa grille Mundinyamule zitsulo. Kukongola ndi kudziŵa za nyumba zikomo mawindo mkulu ndi elongated pa nsanjika yachiwiri, komanso balustrade zachilendo.

Mkati mwa nyumba za miyala, komanso wapakamwa analengedwa mu kalembedwe Rococo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chipinda zokongoletsa amakhala malangizo osiyana pa zomangamanga. Pakuti mkati kalembedwe imeneyi amakhala ndi finesse, kukongola ndipo zimachita. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu pastel, kuphatikiza kwa woyera wosakhwima ndi wobiriwira, buluu kapena pinki, ndi golide inlay - mbali zonse za Rococo ku St. Petersburg zomangamanga.

Pamodzi ndi azimuth izi mu Russia anafika azimuth wina newfangled - exotics Chinese, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa zokongoletsera kuti chokongoletsedwa chipinda, komanso zipinda lonse ndi lalikulu, chokongoletsedwa kalembedwe imeneyi.

mbali zapadera rococo ndi

Maonekedwe osiyana ndi a yaikulu mapulani rococo ndi Baroque katundu ndi khalidwe lightness, kukongola ndi khalidwe. Mapulani sakufunanso kumanga Nyumba yaitali ndi lalitali, adalipo yaing'ono momasuka chipinda ndi mazenera wamtali, amene nawonso, anali m'magulu kuzungulira staircase chapakati, motero amatitonthoza pazipita kwa anyantchoche onse a nyumba.

Ambiri a nyumba akukhala zambiri zofanana otchedwa nyumba hotelo, amene anafuna kuti banja limodzi. Izi kapangidwe mapulani yafala chifukwa cha yomwe inayamba kumanganso ambiri a nyumba kale alembedwera odzitukumula ndiponso yaikulu kalembedwe Baroque.

China chirichonse, ngakhale mwa kuchuluka kwa zokongoletsa ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera, Rococo anayang'ana olemera ndi chadzaoneni. M'malo mwake - ankaoneka kuwala ndi airy chifukwa cha kudziŵa ndi kuukonza wa mwatsatanetsatane ndi mitundu mogwirizana chikufanana.

Rococo mu Interiors nyumba

Rococo bwanji mumaganiza ndi zochitika osati zomangamanga ndi - kalembedwe ali wathunso mbali zina za luso. Komanso, ambiri mwa mapulani a nthawi ndi mkati ndi malo malire atsopano wapeza mawonetseredwe ake momveka bwino. Kamangidwe nyumba ankakonda asymmetrical, anamanga kuzungulira, chowulungika ndipo ngakhale 8-pakona pa chipindacho.

Mu Rococo XVIII atumwi, amene zomangamanga amakhala ndi omasuka ndi chisomo, ndi kukhala mbali ya malo mkati. zipinda chokonzeka, ziwiya khitchini, ndi drapery, komanso kumakondweretsa diso zinthu, amene anapereka chipinda kudziŵa zambiri - zonsezi ndi khalidwe la mkati mu rococo kalembedwe.

Chinese ka mu rococo ndi

Monga tanenera kale pang'ono pamwamba azimuth newfangled mu Nyumba za m'ma XVIII m'njira pamodzi kumatikumbutsabe Chinese. Mu nyengo iyi, mu Interiors nyumba ayamba ankatha kuona zinthu za kum'mawa chikhalidwe, umene uli yabwino yoti kalembedwe Rococo. Zipinda anagawidwa mabacteria chosiyana ntchito zowonetsera kuwala ndi partitions, ndi khitchini chikupitiriza zotheka kuti muwonekere likulowa choyambirira ndi ziwiya zina anapanga china.

Zipinda anali lililonse kwa mithunzi zachilengedwe ndi mapangidwe zamaluwa. Mitengo ndi makungwa woonda, Aquarium nsomba ndi wachisomo kukongola kwa maluwa, kuchuluka kwa golide ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola ena Chinese - zonse ndi zogwirizana amaphatikiza mkati mwa Rococo nyengo.

Chosalimba mapulani rococo

Pofuna umalowa mu kukongola onse ndi chikhalidwe cha kalembedwe ili ndi luso ndi zomangamanga, sikokwanira kuwona kukongola - muyenera kukhala wokhoza kumva izo. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa, mwina kalembedwe izi chikhumbo kuti chosalimba. Wokwanira kukumbukira kuti zipinda zonse waukulu ndi wotakasuka ankamangidwanso mu yaing'ono, kwaokha ndi wolimba chipinda. Ukazi ankaona mu zonse. Komanso, ngakhale zipinda miyambo ndi zipinda zinali ngati boudoirs - kwambiri iwo anali onse chipinda wawo.

Kuwala ndi wochenjera mithunzi ya malo, yosalala ndi wachisomo zokhotakhota a mpanda, ambiri kalirole, komanso zingwe chokongoletsera zinthu chochuluka stucco ndi kumvera pa kulankhula wokongola - kodi kalembedwe ina kukhala pafupi ku ungwiro?

Ankasewera komanso yokongola mapulani kalembedwe ndi bwino uthenga mbali ya chikhalidwe chachikazi.

Rococo lero

XVIII m'ma - nthawi ya rococo zomangamanga ku Russia. Komabe, panopa pali mafani wa kalembedwe ili bwino ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Pastel mitundu, mizere yosalala ndi yokongola golide, mitundu kuwala ndi ambiri Chalk wokongola, mitundu yonse ya dongosolo ndi mapini, ndipo zosiyanasiyana kalirole zachilendo ndipo drapes - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimasiyanitsa malangizo a kamangidwe kake.

Zokongoletsa chipinda kalembedwe m'ma 18 - ndi mwayi wawukulu kumverera ngati achifumu enieni. Mwayi ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha makampani mipando, komanso m'maganizo zosaneneka opanga ndi zokongoletsera angathandize kulenga choyamba ndi zachilendo chipinda rococo kalembedwe. Kumalo amenewa mukhoza amasangalala moyo ndi kusangalala tsiku lililonse latsopano.