Prison - ndi ... History, mitundu, cholinga ndi kapangidwe ka mabungwe a chilango mu Russia

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabungwe kutumikira sentensi ophwanya malamulo. Komabe, wina tanthauzo wamba ndi anatengera kwa iwo - ndi "ndende". Izi malo m'ndende, ndi njuchi wa atsamunda, ndi zoona, ndende yokha. Pansi tanthauzo limeneli, kuwamva monga malo akaidi amamangidwa ndi malo m'ndende kwa anthu pansi kufufuza.

History Butyrskaya

Pa gawo la Soviet Union zambiri ndende. Koma kodi ndende Russia anapindula kutchuka kwambiri? Choyamba, izi wotchuka Butyrskaya m'ndende. Mu izo, ndi momwe, izo zinapangidwa oponya mivi bungwe anagalukira mu nthawi ya Peter I. Pamene Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anali m'ndende muno Emelyan Pugachev.

Mumadziwika m'ndende Butyrskaya ndi akaidi ake mu nyengo ya Soviet - munali Mayakovsky, Solzhenitsyn, Mandelstam. Ankayembekezera ndende mu chisanadze chosintha Russia anali malo opandukawo ndi mphamvu wachifumu. Mkubwela kwa chomwecho kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks, pano kunena iwo amene amadzinenera kuti akane ulamuliro watsopano.

The m'ndende imakhala nyumba makumi awiri, ndipo onse Butyrka ndi 434 kamera.

The odziwika bwino ndende malo a St. Petersburg

Mu malo otsatira ndi wotchuka St. Petersburg m'ndende otchedwa "Mitanda". nyumbayi inamangidwa njerwa zofiira, ndi pafupi pali mpingo ndi domes atatu kuwala. Dzina la ndende yake ndi mawonekedwe a kamangidwe omwe ndendeyi inamangidwa.

Malowa, ngakhale pamalo onse wachisoni, wotchuka chifukwa kuchotserapo ena. Zikukhudza anthu okhawo amatchedwa "Ulamuliro" munthu m'ndende. Iwo "mtanda" zokambirana akhoza kukhala kuti munthu Mwachitsanzo, kusungidwa iguana wake, ndi ena anakwanitsa bungwe maphwando bwino m'ndende.

malo zigawenga kowopsya

Wa ndende koipa ku Russia wotchedwa "Black Dolphin". Kuchokera kumeneko pafupifupi konse akumasulidwa - akutumikira ziganizo, amene analandira moyo wake wonse.

Mitundu yonse ya m'ndende ndi malamulo mkati, koma m'ndende "Black Dolphin" popanda chifukwa otchedwa manda a achifwamba a. Malowa ali ndi mbiri wapadera. The zinachitika a ndende inamangidwa pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine II, ndipo iye anali mu dera Orenburg, m'tauni ya Sol-Iletsk.

zokakamiza dzina lake choncho chifukwa cha mafano a dolphin, anatsogolera kuseri wake. Koma, mwa njira, konse akaidi koma sanazione. Mwamsanga pamene iwo anafika ku ndende, pa mutu wa iwo yomweyo Nditatsegula mmwamba lona thumba. Ichi chidachitika popanda chifukwa, chifukwa mu "Black Dolphin" anatumiza koipa olakwa. Iwo anali odya anzawo, ogwiririra zigawenga. Mu ndende wamba a akaidi akanathetsa padera.

The ndende kwambiri chachinsinsi

Wapeza mbiri zakuda mmodzi mwa chachinsinsi Prison Russia - Lefortovo m'ndende. Linamangidwa mu m'ma XIX. ndipo poyamba anafuna kuti mbala zazing'ono ophwanya malamulo ena unlucky. Koma kuyambira chiyambi cha 30s Mu zaka zapitazo anayamba akaidi lalikulu kwambiri.

Tsopano Ndende ndi pansi khalidwe la Russian FSB. Bungweli ndi limodzi mwa kuyeza kwambiri Russia - ndikoletsedwa kugula aliyense ndi malonda pakati pa akaidi ndi kupeza kuti anthu ambiri kovuta. Ngakhale ngati mlendo ndi membala wa atolankhani kapena TV.

"Vladimir chapakati" - wina bungwe anamanga imeratritsey

Komanso, Catherine II inamangidwa ndi ndende "Vladimir Central." Za iye, ndipo ankaimba nyimbo yake yotchuka Vladimir Krug. Koma kwenikweni, pakadali pano palibe maganizo chikondi. M'zaka zapitazi, munali mutu wa chitetezo Hitler - Johann Rattenhuber ndi Lidiya Ruslanova woimba, Ammayi Zoya Fyodorova.

Tsopano Vladimir chapakati ndi ndende yekha mu gawo lonse la Russia, kumene palibe akaidi anathawa. Mbiri ya mabungwe a chilango Russian zikwi milandu zoyesayesa za kukumba, kumaliza grids kapena cholinga chiphuphu alonda. Koma apa, zochita onsewa pamaso mkaidi anatha kugwiritsa kuthawa kuyesa.

Prison "White tsekwe"

Prison "White tsekwe" ndi ndende analogue a "Black Dolphin". Iwo ankakhala mu mzinda wa Solikamsk, Perm Gawo, komanso akatumikire sentensi zigawenga zoopsa kwambiri. akaidi 510 akhoza kumakhalamo. Linamangidwa mu 1938 ndipo poyamba anafuna kuti akayidi andale ndi ansembe. Koma kuyambira 1980 mu "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa" zinali ndi kukonzanso kuphunzitsa 130 "mbava chilamulo."

Dzinali kuti walandira osati chifukwa cha ziboliboli, monga momwe zilili ndi "Black Dolphin". Chifukwa ngati ndakatulo, pa Koyamba, dzina, iye anatumikira monga kaimidwe zimene akaidi zosamukira za ndende - wopindidwa, ndiponso anaika manja ake kumbuyo kwake. Komabe, mungathe kuwona mafano ndi swans woyera zazikulu ina ndende. Onse mfundo izi ali ndi matanthauzo ofananafanana.

Mbiri ya ndende cholinga

Poyamba, anthu amene anachita upandu, chilango ankamuyembekezera yachiwiriyo - yakalavula gaga kapena ukapolo. Koma lingaliro m'ndende anaonekera zaka 200 zapitazo. Prison - mfundo zimene zinabweretsa Dzhon Govard. Iye ni mmodzi wa oyamba mupereka sakutchulanso olakwa m'madera ena, ndi kukonzanso poyera. Komabe, ngakhale zoyesayesa za okonzanso, sizikutanthauza kuti pali ochepa kubwereza olakwa. Prisons si nthawi zonse kuchita ntchito zawo. Cholinga chachikulu mu ndende - ndi kukonzanso kudzudzulidwa - Nthawi zina m'malo mwa kugwa lathunthu la munthu.

Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu ndende Russian. Mwachitsanzo, m'ndende "Vladimir chapakati" ndi twinned ndi ndende m'tauni German wa Bochum. akaidi German ngakhale anafika Russian chilango bungwe ndi thandizo akuwonjezerekabe. Limanena zambiri zoti iwo anadandaula kwa akaidi Germany, amene akuchokera Russian, anali chidwi tingachite zikhale iwo. Kachitidwe ka ndende mabungwe a Russia ndi imodzi mwa achiwawa koposa.

A pang'ono za ndende European

Udindo wa ndende asanayambe anatulukira maofesi ndende ankaimba ndi akuyandama ndende zombo, anatchula akaidi ndi quarries lakutali.

Mwachitsanzo, mpaka m'ma XVIII anaphwanya lamulo Spain anali kunyongedwa. Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'gulu la akaidi nthawi, James Fox, zinthu m'ndende panali pafupifupi hade padziko lapansi. Fox anamangidwa pa chombo 'Retribyushn "kumene kunali pafupifupi 600 anthu unyolo, anali ndi dothi zoopsa ndi majeremusi.

Pafupifupi theka la akaidi onse ankafa apo pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina zimenezi ndi chabe njala, chifukwa zigawenga anayenera kulipira oyang'anira chakudya cha m'matumba awo. Amene anasiya mphamvu ndi sizikanatha ntchito, kapena amene analibe anzanu kapena achibale pa gombe, ataweruzidwa kuti afe.

Thomas Beaver ndende - bungwe ndende, kupanga ndalama

Koma m'kupita kwanthawi, anthu ambiri anayamba kuganiza za kusintha kwa chilango kwa upandu. anthu ambiri ophunzira kumvetsetsa kuti ndende - si malo munthu ayenera kukumana imfa yake. Choyamba, mu malo amenewo ayenera kudzudzulidwa ndi kubwerera pa njira yoyenera.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 1875, achifumu ku England Thomas Beaver analenga m'ndende ku Norfolk. Pa malamulo ake, adatsutsidwa zinthu osiyanasiyana malingana ndi upandu umene udaperekedwa mwa iwo. Komanso payokha mu ndende munali amuna ndi akazi. Beaver m'ndende akaidi amatchedwa "Uimondhem" ankafunika ntchito masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa mlungu. Phindu pa ntchito yawo inali kukhala kawiri kuposa ndalama, amene anaberekera malo ndende chifukwa nthanoyi.

Kusiyana Europe ku ndende Russian

ndende Modern European ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu m'banja. Kapangidwe ka mabungwe a chilango mu Russia zambiri si zizigwirizana mavuto amene adzanyamula bungwe ndende. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndende, yomwe lakonzedwa 9 zikwi. Man, iwo akhoza muli 12,000. Akuluakulu ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhani ingathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso zina. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mapeto kumangidwa nyumba, pankhani zazing'ono milandu.

Mu zikhalidwe European m'ndende m'ndende sizingafanane ndi Russian. Akaidi nthawi iliyonse ali ndi ufulu kubwera kwa loya. Pa gawo la mabungwe ndi ufulu wa barbershops, ochapira zovala, komanso masitolo ang'onoang'ono. Akaidi ku Ulaya ndi mwayi zinthu ndi kukhala kompyuta kulemba. Komanso mu akaidi kumadzulo m'ndende angathe pa nthawi iliyonse funsani ndi dzikoli - mu mabungwe ndende pali payphones. makamera onse Europe zili ndi chimbudzi woyera. Osati chitsanzo cha Russia, kumene komabe ankaimba ndi dzenje pansi.