Poppy (banja): makhalidwe ambiri, mbali ndi chilinganizo zamaluwa

Poppy - banja la zomera dicotyledonous wa ranunculales kuti anapatsa anthu a chinyozo Opium poppy ndi pa nthawi yomweyo zambiri maluwa kukongoletsa munda. Nkhaniyi limafotokoza ambiri zomera botanical.

makhalidwe papaveraceous

Banja yosiyanasiyana. Pamafunikanso mitundu pafupifupi 700, ogwirizana genera 45. Makamaka ndi udzu, kawirikawiri zitsamba ndi boma zitsamba, kupatulapo - mitengo yaing'ono kwambiri kuligaŵa kapena lonse masamba popanda stipules. Kufalitsa madera ndi chidwi, koma zambiri za oimira Chimakula mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto ndi kotentha. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu (300) wa mtundu Corydalis.

Papaveraceous: onse makhalidwe a duwa

A m'banja la yodziwika ndi Poppy maluwa ndi bisexual, ili singly kapena anasonkhana inflorescences a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kumlingo cyclical, zygomorphic kapena. Ali ndi perianth awiri, awiri sepals caducous ndipo, monga ulamuliro, 4 pamakhala, kawirikawiri kwambiri. Pakuti poppy yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa stamens kapena stigmas mizati mitundu amangokhala pamwamba n'kuwasanganiza. Zipatso - ngolo kapena kapisozi lili mbewu yaing'ono endosperm ndi nyongolosi, ali mlechnikami, koma iwo ali sangapezeke mwa mitundu yonse. Kunena zoona, zomera zonse zili alkaloids.

Poppy maluwa pa zosiyanasiyana banja ndi amatikumbutsa Ranunculaceae. Ndipo, ndipo apo zimachitika actinomorphic ndi zygomorphic mawonekedwe, chosiyana Chrixitu.

subfamily

Papaveraceous ogaŵikana subfamilies awiri. Muyezo waukulu gulu la kubadwa - dongosolo la duwa. Mwachitsanzo, celandine, poppy ndi mawonekedwe lolondola ndi a subfamily Kwenikweni poppy ndi owayimilira ku zygomorphic - kuti Dymyankovym. Tiyeni mwatsatanetsatane chachiwiri kwambiri. Yaikulu mtundu Dymyankovyh - Corydalis - zikuphatikizapo za mitundu 300. Onse a iwo mwakula mu nyengo ofunda a Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America. Ambiri a iwo - geophytes ndi tubers (makamaka muzu chiyambi), ndipo ephemeroids. Kwenikweni, amanena za anthu amene akudziwa bwino kuti onse Corydalis vulgaris. Chomera maburashi lalikulu wofiirira-pinki maluwa, amene anakonda kwambiri ndi bumblebees. Mu mawonekedwe iwo mwamphamvu zygomorphic. Chifukwa chake - tabu akunja bwalo, elongated mu mpita wa. Koma ngati mukuziyenereza Corydalis ndi aconite tchati, tikuona mitundu chosiyana zigomorfii - poyamba yopingasa. mbali amenewa ndi maluwa poppy banja.

adatsutsana taxonomy

Kuyamba, tisaiwale kuti masiku ano anthu otchuka mitundu iwiri ya taxonomy zomera maluwa: APG II system (lofalitsidwa mu 2003) ndi Cronquist gulu anayamba ndi katswiri American. Lachiwiri ndi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mu mawonekedwe pachiyambi, ndi zimasintha ano. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira APG II dongosolo, Poppy zomera banja a ranunculales dongosolo. Deta yotere nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa chuma intaneti. Komabe, malinga ndi gulu miyambo, ali kuti awo - Makotsvetnye.

Botanists kuzindikira kuti udindo mwadongosolo m'banja kwenikweni osokoneza. Mwachionekere, Poppy kuti Ranunculaceae (m'munsimu muli chithunzi Buttercup lalikulu) makolo wamba. Chikutanthauza zobadwa chidwi kwambiri of America. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe a maluwa Ranunculaceae ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi mlechniki kuti sali khalidwe ndi chizindikiro, amene ali ndi poppy banja.

Oimira wake amamudziwa, makamaka mbewu horticultural. Komabe, kwambiri lodziwika, ndithudi, ndi Opium poppy. M'pomveka kuwonjezera kuti ndi ankhanza.

Opium poppy

Iye panopa anagawira yekha mu chikhalidwe. Yopangidwa zambiri kuchokera bolls mwana madzi yamkaka wolemera alkaloids, amene anayamikira ku mfundo chithandizo cha .. Narcotine, morphine, codeine wokwana, etc. Iwo kalekale Opium kusuta chinafala Asia, makamaka China, kumene anali wa khalidwe misa. Chifukwa, mbewu sanali ofunikira okha komanso yoopsa. Kukula poppy (Opium, ndi zina mankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala) mu Russia ndikoletsedwa polimbana ndi mankhwala kuyambira 2004.

anthu ena a m'banja

Tonga kukambirana za papaveraceous, osanenapo chakuti amaphatikizapo kwambiri mitundu zimene zili zofunika mankhwala ndi kukongoletsa zomera m'munda.

• Rhode celandine. Panopa amaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri yokha: Asia ndi chachikulu. zomera onse yolimba mankhwala kudziwika kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Anthu, ambiri lotchedwa "nipplewort" chifukwa cha luso la madzi zochizira matenda khungu ndi tikuona njerewere.
• Mtundu Corydalis. Pamafunikanso nambala ya zamoyo, zomera makamaka osatha. Mbali khalidwe - ndi thickening wa muzu tuberous, lalikulu racemose inflorescence. Mamembala a mtundu wa - si wapatali mankhwala zomera, komanso uchi mbewu. Kudzipatula mitundu kukongoletsa ndi mitundu.
• Rhode eschscholzia - ndi mtundu ka zomera North America, womwenso za 10 mitundu. oimira ake amadziwika monga zomera yokongola, nakulitsa monga annuals.

• Rhode Argemona. mankhwala a zomera akhala kudziwika kwa Aaziteki. Tsopano uli wofunika kwa awo kwambiri yokongola ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda ndi m'nyumba horticulture.
• Rhode Sanguinar zikuphatikizapo mtundu umodzi okha. kukula chilengedwe mbewu - nkhalango mu kum'mawa North America. ziwalo zanga zonse zili alkaloids kwambiri poizoni. Sanguinar Canada ntchito mankhwala mankhwala ndi.