Pinakothek, Munich: ofotokoza ndi ndemanga

Pinakothek (Munich) - wina tambirimbiri wotchuka kwambiri dziko kalasi luso, zimene 700 katswiri wowoneka 14-21 zaka amene analemba ambuye wotchuka: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Dürer A., I. Bosch, Altdorfer, V. Titian , S. Botticelli, F. Goya neri Al.

History m'chigawo

Alte Pinakothek ku Munich (Alte Pinakothek) - ndi wotchuka ndi odziwika zakale, chimene chiri 9 zikwi zojambula za akatswiri a zaka Europe 14-18 .. Chinthu chapadera cha nyumbayi likuchokera ku dzina lake. Pinakothek (Greek "luso zomera".) - malo okha poyera chithunzi.

Collection zojambula anayamba kusonkhanitsa mu 1528 Bavarian Duke Wilhelm IV Von Wittelsbach, amene ankafuna azikongoletsa awo yotentha hema Munich Mumakhalako zojambula pa malo m'mbiri. Woyambirira linalembedwa, "Nkhondo ya Alexander" anadzipereka ku nkhondo ya Aleksandra Makedonskogo Perisiya asilikali a Mfumu Dariyo. Ndiye, zosonkhanitsira anayamba kudzaza ndi anthu ena a m'banja Vittelbahov.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana zosonkhanitsira 17 ku kufunika kwake ndi kukhala mmodzi wa wamkulu mu Europe. Makamaka, thereto adaonjezeredwa ntchito Flemish amisiri amene Bavaria anasonkhana elector Maks Emmanuil (1679-1726).

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 18, m'nyumbayi anali ndi ntchito za amisiri chabwino cha Italy, Spain, Germany ndi Netherlands. Ndiyeno panali kuwonjezeka mu zopereka:

• mu 1777 anakumana ndi zojambula ku Mannheim zomera;
• 1803 - 1500 zosemasema kuti anali kale mu mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu;
• 1806 g.- anawonjezera kuti deta mu Düsseldorf ndi ntchito ku Karlsberg Castle.

chipinda osiyana mu nyumba yachifumu Schleißheim inamangidwa ndi nyumba zojambula.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba Pinakothek

Zaka ulamuliro wa Ludwig Ine ya Bavaria (1825-1848) - nyengo kwambiri mbiri ya Munich zomera. Pa nthawi imeneyo iye amadziwika ntchito aluso German ndipo Dutch akhala anapeza 15. zojambula Italy wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Kuti akomere chopereka ochuluka akufunika amphamvu pomanga nyumba wapadera ndipo analamula ntchito kuti mumve.

Ludwig ndinaganiza kuti deta m'maganizo a ntchito zaluso woyenera kukhala odziwa poyera kuti Munich ankaona pakati pa kupenta ndi maluso ena dziko odziwika.

dongosolo zomera pansi udaikidwa ndi wamanga Leo Von Klenze kalembedwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kuika wapadera wa pangondya wa nyumbayi zinachitika mu April 1826 pa kubadwa kwa wokondedwa Ludwig wojambula Raphael. Mfumu ya Bavaria analamula dzina m'nyumbayi ndi mawu Greek "Pinakothek".

Alte Pinakothek (Munich) inamangidwa mwamsanga 1836, ndipo nthawi yomweyo Ludwig inaika lamulo pa kulowa ufulu obwera onse m'nyumbayi Lamlungu. Komabe, zaka zoyambirira za nzika si kwambiri kowonera zakale anachezeredwa ndi masanje ambiri bungwe pakapinga kutsogolo kwa zomera ndi.

Mu Pinacotheca akale anakonza yekha ntchito yaluso, kuyambira Ages Middle ndi kutha Choonadi. nyumbayi ndi ndithu zolunda ndi imvi, mkati zipinda amagwiritsidwa chokongoletsedwa ndi pafupifupi chilichonse. The anasiya chokongoletsera anaipangira alendo sanasokonezedwe kwa cholinga chachikulu cha kudzacheza kwa nyumbayi - kuganizira za katswiri luso kupenta.

M'zaka 19-20 Pinakothek zosonkhanitsira inapitirira kupita patsogolo mwa kupeza ntchito za luso la nthawi, imene inamangidwa mu 1853 ndi kumanga Pinakothek latsopano.

Nkhondo ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu zochititsa chidwi

Pa 2 World nkhondo Pinakothek (Munich) anali kwambiri kuonongeka pa zankhanza a Anglo-American ndege. Zojambula okha anapulumuka, T. Kwa. The pasadakhale anali zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo m'misasa mobisa. Milimo ya Alte Pinakothek lobwezeretsedwa kokha ndi 1963.

Koma nyumba ya Pinakothek watsopano (onani. Photo) anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa, ndi kubwezeretsa sikunali kotheka. Latsopano Pinakothek kwathunthu anamangidwanso ndi wamanga A. Brankasa, ndipo anatsegula yekha mu 1981.

nyumbayi ndi zachilendo zambiri Bay mazenera ndi semicircular zenera zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso amene pa nthawi kunachititsa kusiyana anthu ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Komabe, mkati zipinda ndi zokongola, makamaka mayankho abwino analandira anapereka wamanga ya magetsi pamwamba.

Tsopano apa anasonyeza zojambula 550 ndiponso ziboliboli wa zaka 19-20.

Mndandanda wa Alte Pinakothek

kufotokoza ili mu nyumba ziwiri storey, cha pansi pa phiko lamanzere muli kanthawi, kawirikawiri kusintha zisudzo. Mwa ojambula zithunzi, amene ali Alte Pinakothek (Munich) - Zojambula za akatswiri Flemish ndi German wa 15-17 zaka. P. Bruegel, Lucas Cranach ndi ena (mapiko kumanja) ..

Pa yosanja - kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano zosonkhanitsira: zojambula wa ku Netherlands L. galimoto Leyden, Rembrandt; Durer ndi S. Lochner; ojambula zithunzi Italy Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci; Flemish Van Dyck, Rubens.

Mu phiko zoyenera, mungathe kuona magulu zojambula za Baroque ndi Rococo, kuphatikizapo El Agiriki ndi Murillo, komanso ena Italy, Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani ojambula zithunzi.

Katswiri wa Alte Pinakothek

Ambiri mwa ntchito za amisiri wotchuka ndi Alte Pinakothek (Munich): katswiri wa zaka 15-18, omwe ali ndi mbiri yake.

Mwachitsanzo, kupenta "Madonna wa Carnation" anali mwangozi anagula kwa wogulitsa malonda, ndipo kenako okha tinapeza kuti anali zojambulidwa ndi achinyamata Leonardo da Vinci. Tsopano ichi ndi chokhacho kupenta mbuye, yomwe ili m'dera la Germany. Carnation maluwa, amene amasunga Virgin Mary - chizindikiro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa.

Ndi Fransua Bushe "Chithunzi cha Madame de A Pompadour" (1758) ndi "Mpumulo Bakuman" (1752) ankafotokozedwa madona: mbuye wa Louis 15, amene anali kukongola wotchuka ndi kukoma wopanda, ndi Louise O'Murphy, dona a m'bwalo, m'tsogolo Zikuonekanso kukhala amakonda mfumu.

Ntchito galimoto Dyck "Self-chithunzi" (1619) ndi "Susanna ndi akulu" (1622), mwini bwalo chithunzi ndi zojambula achipembedzo.

Zojambula Paulo Rubens "chiweruzo chotsiriza" (1617) Limanena za chochitika chofunika: pamene anthu ndi nkhani ya moyo anachita machimo ake ndi kukhala ndi moyo kwambiri ataimirira pamaso pa Mulungu, kudziwa zotsatira zawo - njira kumwamba kapena ku helo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zojambula kwambiri pa mbiri ya dziko kukula kwa 610 × 460 masentimita, amene mwapadera kwa holo owonetsera zakale.

Mu kupenta "Imfa ya Seneca" (1613), wotchuka Dutch zojambulajambula P. Rubens limatiuza za mbiriyakale, zimene zinachitikira wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Seneca, amene Mfumu Nero ngati chilango cha kusakhulupirika analamula kuti adziphe. Wafilosofi Seneca mokwanira anamvera njira, ndi pamodzi ndi mkazi wake anali wokonzeka kuchita imfa yake.

mbiri Neue Pinakothek

Neue Pinakothek ku Munich anakhazikitsidwa mu 1846 pamene kupitiriza okalamba ndi woyamba lili zosemasema zaka za m'ma 18. Mfumu Otto wa Greece anapitiriza ntchito ya bambo ake anapanga ndi kulongosola ntchito za sukulu Munich wa kupenta ojambula zithunzi. Odziwika malo zojambula K. Rothman analemba makamaka kwa zomera 23 nsalu zokha ayi lalikulu zosonyeza kudzipereka ndi Greece.

Mu 1909, mu zopereka kuwonjezera ntchito French Impressionists (Cezanne, Manet, Gauguin neri Al.).

The Pinakothek latsopano lili zosemasema zaka 19-20, nyengo romanticism, classicism ndi Kuzindikira. Total yosungirako ndi zojambula 3,000 ndiponso ziboliboli 300, 22 amene ali m'zipinda anasonyeza 550 zojambula ndi ntchito 50 Osema.

Zithunzi za Pinakothek latsopano

The katswiri wotchuka, amene akuimira Pinakothek watsopano (Munich) - zithunzi:

• "Woumba ndi mpendadzuwa" ndi V. Van Gogh (1888) - ali chithunzithunzi cha chizindikiro ndichiyembekezo kulenga woganiza, mphatso omvera kachidutswa kakang'ono dzuwa.
• "Osauka ndakatulo» Karl Spitzweg (1839) - limafotokoza chisokonezo ndi mpweya zachilendo m'nyumba ya kopanda ndakatulo, adatengedwa ndi zilandiridwenso kuti amaona zachilengedwe.

• "Pambuyo usiku mafunde" Yu K. K. Dalya (1819) - chithunzi impregnated ndi zotsatira za kuwonongeka, amene anatsalira mkuntho, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, Davide anaimba matamando a chitsitsimutso mu mawonekedwe a mtanda wa kuwala.
• "Don Quixote" Onore Dome (1868) chimaimira kusungulumwa ngwazi, amene chithunzicho mwapadera olembedwa popanda nkhope.

Pinakothek der Moderne

Wachitatu, mbali zambiri zamakono za zomera (lotseguka kuyambira 2002) - Pinakothek der Moderne (Munich), amene odzipereka kwa luso la lero. Pamafunikanso 4 palokha owonetsera zakale:

• Collection wa Art Contemporary, membala wa chopereka Bavarian wa zojambula.
• State Museum wa Akutsatira Tirhana.
• Museum mapulani - limatiuza makamaka za German zomangamanga 19-21 zaka, chionetserocho amasintha kawirikawiri (zojambula 500 zikwi ndi mapulani analengedwa ndi mapulani panthawi zosiyanasiyana, komanso 100 zikwi zithunzi za zisankho mapulani ..) ..
• State mawonekedwe Munich msonkhano (350 zikwi. Zojambula mochita kugoba ndi 45 zikwi. Zojambula).

Pinakothek der Moderne nyumba anamangapo ndi wamanga S. Braunfels pa zopereka payekha. Ndi wotakasuka ndi kuwala, pakati pa izo - dvusfernaya rotunda mbali ziwiri zomwe mogwirizana ku masitepe waukulu, kutsogolera Roald chionetserocho.

Mu gawo mobisa kusonkhanitsa mamangidwe pansi 1 ukufanizidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa mapulani ndi zachiwerewere ndi zisudzo zosakhalitsa.

Phiko kumadzulo muli mndandanda wa chimakono chakale, kum'mawa - limanena za mayendedwe a luso chi: expressionism, cubism, fauvism, Bauhaus, surrealism, Pop luso, Minimalism ndi ena.

zopereka zonse anasonkhana theka lachiwiri la m'ma 20 monga okhometsa chopereka anasamutsa monga mphatso kwa nyumbayi. Mphatso lomaliza - chopereka cha German ndi North America zaka luso 1960-90h. - anaperekedwa mu 2006, E. ndi M. Stoffel.

Zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo ntchito za akatswiri otchuka :. Henri Matisse, F. Leger, Dali, Picasso, etc. Palinso chochezera ndi chithunzi ntchito ojambula ano.

Pinakothek ku Munich: kutsegula maola, mitengo

Onse atatu Pinakothek ali pafupi wina ndi mnzake, zomveka Lamlungu mtengo wa 1 €, koma lero zakale ndi yodzaza ndi alendo.

Address: Street Barer Straße 27, 29, 40, Munich (Pinakothek). Inayambira maola:

• Old - 10,00 kuti 18,00, Lachiwiri kwa 20,00, anatseka Lolemba.
• Watsopano - 10:00 kuti 18:00, Lachitatu kwa 20,00, kuchokera Lachiwiri.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - kuchokera 10,00 kuti 18,00 Lachinayi kuti 20,00, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata.

Pa masiku wamba, mtengo ndi zosiyana kwa Pinakothek:

• Old - € 4 tikiti mtengo.
• Watsopano - 7 €.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - 10 €.

Pinakothek ku Munich: Ndemanga

Reviews la alendo kuyendera Pinakothek ku Munich, - zonse, popanda yekha motsindika positive. Kwa anthu ndi chidwi akatswiri kupenta akavalidwe zosiyanasiyana zaluso yofanana ndi tambirimbiri luso ndi kasupe mauthenga ndi zidindo yatsopano ku dziko la katswiri luso kupenta.

Alendo ambiri anayamikira chisoni kuti Alte Pinakothek (Munich) mpaka 2018 ndi lotseguka kwa alendo pang'ono chabe, ena kukhudzana si ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito ya kukonzanso.

Alendo odzacheza wotchuka Munich luso zomera amapereka mwayi timudziwe bwino zosiyanasiyana luso (kupenta, zosemasema, zomangamanga ndi mamangidwe) wa Nthawi zingapo, kuyambira Zapakati masiku ano.