Phokoso la zofewa zilembo makalata. Letters zikusonyeza zilembo zofewa

Ife ndife anthu, makamaka wokamba mbadwa, siziyenera kuchitika kokha zolondola, komanso wokongola, maganizo, limaonetseratu. Pali zofunika ndi mawu, ndi mawu, ndi okalamba kutchula ponseponse.

Luso molondola kutchula phokoso wapangidwa zokambirana (maphunziro mawu: buku, kamvekedwe, kutakasuka, mawu, etc ...), Ndipo odziwa, Mulimonsemo n'koyenera kapena kuti katchulidwe zomvetsera (kutchula ponseponse).

Pamaso tikukamba za makalata amene amaimira zofewa consonant phonemes, tiyenera kukumbukira mfundo zofunika phonetic ndi mawu.

Phonetics: phokoso ndiponso makalata

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti zilembo zofewa mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha ndi kwina. Popeza phokoso - ndicho chimene ife tikumva azigamula, ndi kovuta, ndi mbali indivisible woyankhula, yomwe ndi chotsatira chake cha articulation anthu. kalata - si chizindikiro mawonekedwe kwa phokoso makamaka. Ife tikuwona iwo ndi kulemba.

Full kugwilizana pali pakati pawo. Mawu amodzi sangakhale nambalayi a zilembo ndi katchulidwe. zilembo Russian tichipeza makalata sate-firii, ndi makumi asanu ndi phokoso kulankhula.

Zolondola kujambula mawu mu mawu kudzera m'makalata - galamafoniyo. Makalata Pankhaniyi kwalembedwa m'mabokosi. Pamene kusanthula phonetic la liwu lililonse kuti analemba kalata umodzi maganizo ndi potanthauza zofewa ngati n'koyenera [ '] Mwachitsanzo, mkaka - [malako] mol - [Mole'] - mu nkhani iyi kalata L ndi apostrophe ndi limasonyeza phokoso zofewa [L '].

Phonetics: mavawelo ndi zilembo

Pamene otaya mpweya panamveka ku mmero, popanda kukumana ndi zopinga mu njira yake, likukhalira ndi za mawu phokoso (kuimba). Iwo sikisi Russian. Iwo anatsindika ndi unstressed.

Pamene mpweya, kusiya pakhosi akudutsa si free, likukhalira consonant. Iwo anapanga kuchokera phokoso kapena phokoso ndi mawu. Zilembo mu chinenero chathu Russian ndi makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Ndikachita nawo kwa phokoso ndi phokoso la mingoli maphunziro awo, zilembo za anawagawa:

• sonorous (mawu amphamvu kwambiri phokoso);
• mokweza - anafuulira ndi unvoiced.

Komanso, katchulidwe ka zilembo za zofewa (makalata akuimira, zinalembedwa ndi apostrophe ndi), ndi kulira kolimba. Iwo amasiyana katchulidwe - kulankhula zofewa consonant, munthu amanyamula kumbuyo kwa lilime pafupifupi mkulu kumwamba.

Zojambula: makalata

Choncho zilembo - ndi kalembedwe pa kalata zikumveka. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira iwo, - ndandanda. Zilembo - chinenero zithunzi zikumveka anavala dongosolo linalake. Khumi zilembo Russian - ndi mavawelo oimira mavawelo. Koma amaphatikizapo makalata twente wani consonant ndi awiriwa chikuimira zikumveka konse. Aliyense kalata ya zilembo anatuma dzina lapadera. Zilembo ano analengedwa mu 1918 anavomerezedwa mu 1942. Tsopano zizindikiro likutipatsa ntchito m'zinenero zoposa makumi asanu osiyana.

Alphanumeric phokoso zikuchokera

Mu chinenero gawo Russian mawu kulankhula ndi makalata ndi chosiyana ndi kulunjika makalata - makalata a zilembo zofewa ndi zovuta zofanana - anadya [y'el] Oil [y'el ']; ndi mavawelo asanu anatchulidwa m'makalata makalata khumi. Choncho likukhalira kuti phokoso kulankhula khumi kuposa makalata zilembo.

zilembo zovuta

Zilembo kupanga awiriawiri: sonorous - wogontha, zofewa - zovuta. Koma pali anthu ena amene nthawi zonse kuwomba mwamphamvu - pali, m, N. Ngakhale mu mawu a parachuti, ndi kabuku ndi cognate yakumadzulo olimba. Mu mawu ena achilendo, iwo limachulidwa mosiyana.

zilembo zofewa

Palinso atatu mawu amene nthawi zonse zofewa zilembo, kusonyeza iwo - H, yakumadzulo, h. Malamulo amenewa ndi opanda kuchotserapo chinenero cha Chirasha.

zilembo wophatikizidwa

Zilembo makamaka ali wophatikizidwa, ndiye liwu lililonse limafanana ndi mwamphamvu lililonse limatisokoneza watero wake. Letters zikusonyeza zofewa zilembo zofanana. Mu galamafoniyo izo linakhulupirira chizindikiro [ '].

Kodi kudziwa kumene iwo adzakhala zofewa zilembo? makalata anapanga osati mawu, poyamba kupanga syllables. The softness kapena kuuma kwa katchulidwe ka consonant zikudalira phokoso akudzera iye syllable ndi.

syllables

Syllable - phokoso kapena phokoso angapo amene analankhula mu mpweya chomwecho, mmodzi mpweya adaponya.

Zilembo - phokoso syllabic, zilembo ali pafupi ndi iwo - kupeza syllable: Mo-taonani-nepali, Le-ta-Yu-conductive-ine si- Ba. chiwerengero cha syllables mu mawu ndi chiwerengero cha mavawelo mu izo.

syllables Open kutha mu mavawelo: chithunzi - samalira Ti pa, yovomerezeka - lamanja la-TH -dimensional.

Ngati kumapeto kwa syllable ayenera kugwirizana - ndi chatsekedwa syllable: galimoto-soni, yovomerezeka - miyezo kwambiri vo-re.

Pakati pa mawu zambiri syllables poyera ndi zilembo pafupi iwo umasamutsidwa ku syllable lotsatira ddat, di Ktorov. phokoso limene imachititsa mwa mawu syllable - kulira, unpaired, zovuta ndi yofewa zilembo. Makalata analemba - D, p, L, m, N. Mwachitsanzo: kisonka - Maf-ka dormice.

Kusiyanitsa gulu la mawu mu syllables ndi mbali zoyendera, komanso morphemes. syllabic ichi kapena syllabic, zojambula mfundo. Ndi ntchito ya consonant.

Yaikulu ndi zofewa zilembo: makalata (syllabic mfundo)

Izo kumaonekera poyerekezera zilembo amene amati unit wa kuwerenga ndi kulemba:

1. Monga mitundu makalata consonant ndi za mawu kumutsatira.
2. Yonseyi ndi zofewa chizindikiro consonant.
3. Grouping zilembo ziwiri kapena danga pa mapeto a mawu.

Choncho, kumvetsetsa, kuti zofewa kapena zovuta amatanthauza phokoso la mawu anatsimikiza, m'pofunika kulabadira zimene akubwera pambuyo mu syllable ndi.

Ngati chidwi kwa ife akalola, kumatanthauza phokoso - zovuta. Mwachitsanzo: akulira - akulira, kuti - olimba.

Ngati lotsatira - ndi za mawu, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti pamaso pa Inu, Y, e, m ndi zilembo zovuta. Mwachitsanzo: mayi anga, maunyolo, mpesa.

Ndipo, e, u, ine e - makalata kusonyeza zofewa consonant. Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo - song, N, N - zofewa, ndi - olimba.

Kulankhula bwino ndi moyenera kuwerenga zilembo zofewa ndi phokoso, m'pofunika kukhala awo kumva phonemic - ndi kuzindikira kusiyana kwa mawu zikumveka. Luso bwino anayamba kudziwa bwino zomwe zikumveka mwa mawu, ngakhale inu mumvere izo kwa nthawi yoyamba, adzalola kuti bwino kukumbukira ndi kumvetsa mawu a ena. Koma chinthu chachikulu - kulankhula zokongola ndi molondola.

Syllabic mfundo yabwino chifukwa zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha makalata zilembo. Ndipotu, kusonyeza mwakhama ndi zofewa consonant phonemes, kungakhale kofunika mukupanga, kulenga, ndipo owerenga kuphunzira khumi latsopano zinthu zojambulajambula. Kuti chiwerengero cha zilembo wophatikizidwa ali zolankhula zathu. Zochita kunapezeka kuzindikira ndithu mavawelo kusonyeza amene makalata zilembo zofewa.

Letters kusonyeza consonant zofewa

The softness cha phokoso ndiwo amaimira [ '] kokha pamene akulemba galamafoniyo - kusanthula mawu.

Pali njira ziwiri tisonyezeni zilembo zofewa pamene kuwerenga kapena kulemba.

1. Ngati consonant zofewa itha mawu kapena waima patsogolo wina consonant, iwo anasankha "b". Mwachitsanzo: a Mkuntho, kapitawo, etc. N'kofunika pamene akulemba consonant zofewa watsimikiza "s" pokhapokha ngati iye waima patsogolo pa mawu amodzi-muzu ndi zofewa ndi zovuta consonant kale milandu osiyana (fulakesi - fulakesi) ... Nthawi zambiri, pamene awiri zilembo zofewa ali lotsatira, pambuyo woyamba "s" sanagwiritse ntchito mawu olembedwawo.
2. Ngati zofewa consonant za mawu ndi, amaonekera Ine makalata, yakumadzulo, ndipo e, f. Mwachitsanzo: ndinali kutuluka, anakhala pansi tulle, etc.

Ngakhale ndi syllabic mavuto mfundo ndi mauthenga pamaso pa consonant, iwo ali kwambiri kuti kupita Orthoepy. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti chofunika euphony ndi zoletsedwa kulemba mauthenga pambuyo zilembo zovuta, chifukwa ndiyo grapheme zilembo zofewa ndiponso kupewa kutchula bwino olimba. Pali maganizo m'malo TH mauthenga amodzi. Isanafike makonzedwe kalembedwe ka logwirizana la syllables E - mauthenga mu 1956 mwachangu ndi zololeka zili kulemba awiri mawu (chokwanira - chokwanira). Koma vuto lalikulu kwa yogwirizanitsa si anaganiza. M'malo mauthenga ndi mauthenga pambuyo zilembo zovuta, mwachionekere, si njira yabwino, mawu atsopano mu chinenero cha Chirasha amapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo Mulimonsemo kulemba kalata makamaka ndi zofunika kukambirana.

orthoepy

Tiyeni tibwerere mmbuyo kumene tinayamba - zolankhula zathu - zinapangitsa Orthoepy. Pa dzanja limodzi - zinayenda malamulo a katchulidwe, ndi pa zina - ndi sayansi kuti maphunziro, substantiates ndi amakhazikitsa mfundo izi.

Orthoepy akutumikira Russian, erases malire pakati m'zilembo za anthu linali losavuta kumvetsa mzake. Kuti kulankhulana wina ndi mzake, anthu a m'madera osiyana wamaganizo zimene kunena ndiponso mmene analiza mawu makamaka interlocutor lapansi.

Maziko a chinenero cha Chirasha, choncho, katchulidwe - Moscow chilankhulo. Ndi ku likulu la Russia anayamba sayansi, kuphatikizapo orthoepy, kotero malamulo mankhwala amatiuza - kupanga phokoso monga Muscovites.

Orthoepy amapereka njira yolondola imodzi ya katchulidwe, kukana ena onse, koma pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi zina amatha mungachite kuti amaonedwa kuti ndi zoona.

Ngakhale khirisipi, yomveka bwino ndiponso yosavuta malamulo, orthoepy anati zingapo zochititsa, zina zabwino ndiponso kuchotserapo mmene kutchulidwa makalata kusonyeza zofewa consonant ndi olimba ...

Orthoepy: zofewa ndi zovuta zilembo

Kodi makalata zofewa zilembo? Q, yakumadzulo, anthu d - kunena m'malo zofewa zikumveka zovuta, Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Koma ulamuliro wasweka, kugwa mchikakamizo cha chinenero Chibelarusi ndipo ngakhale m'zilembo Russian, kudzudzula. Kumbukirani momwe gulu izi zikumveka mawu Asilavo kwambiri, mwachitsanzo.

L - ndi consonant awiri, motero, ataima mwachindunji pamaso pa consonant kapena kumapeto kwa mawu ayenera kuwomba mwamphamvu. Patsogolo, ndi, Y, e, m, kwambiri (hema, ngodya skier), koma mawu ena amene amabwera kwa ife nthawi zambiri a zilankhulo amene okamba moyo makamaka mu Europe, ndi dzina la zawo, L limachulidwa pafupifupi mokoma (La Scala, La Roshel, La Fleur).

Zilembo, ataima lomaliza bokosi kupatula pamwamba ndi chizindikiro mwakhama, ngakhale ndiye pali zilembo kutanthauza yofewa consonant, kutchulidwa mwamphamvu (zokhoma malonda). Koma kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro imeneyi ndi m alibe mphamvu zonse. Zida ndi Z Pankhaniyi akhoza kutchulidwa m'njira ziwiri (kuchoka - [C '] wakwera - [m'ma] wakwera).

malamulo orthoepy alembedwa kuti n'zosatheka kuchepetsa consonant yomaliza mawu, ngakhale merges ndi mawu lotsatira kuyambira ndi imelo (mu nkhani iyi, ndi equator, ndi emu). Ngati kulankhula chimachitika kuchepetsa chotero consonant, zikunenedwa kuti munthu amalankhulira kudzera kalembedwe wamba.

"L" limanenanso mndandanda wa "zilembo zofewa" ndipo zikumveka pamaso ayenera kutchulidwa mofewa, ngakhale phokoso m, b, tsa, b, f mawu monga seveni, eyiti, dzenje, doko la zombo zapanyanja ndi zina zotero. N. Lankhulani zofewa zikumveka mwamphamvu pamaso 's "ndi yosagwira ntchito. Only mu mawu, asanu ndi atatu ndi mazana asanu mamita sangakhale zofewa, ndi kulira kolimba.

Kodi makalata kutanthauza zilembo zofewa, tiyenera kukumbukira bwino - e, yakumadzulo, e, ine, ndi.

Choncho, mawu ambiri achilendo kutsogolo kwa consonant si anasintha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi mamita labial, p, ndi, b, f N - Chopin chipinda .; B - Bernard Shou; mu - Solveig; F - Mallu; mamita - mbiri, consomme.

Nthawi zambiri izi zilembo mwamphamvu zilembo mano phokoso mauthenga tsa, N, m, m, D, T P - Reichswehr Lev .; N - pince-ulendo; m - anyani, Bizet; ndi - msewu, Musset; D - kukhuthula mwaluso; T - ndi gulu la aesthetics.

Choncho, zofewa makalata consonant ndi zikuchokera achindunji kwambiri, koma imvera angapo kuchotserapo.