Papier-mache - ndichiyani? Papier-mache

Chinenero cha Chirasha ndi chidwi ku French mawu "papier-mache". Ndi chiyani icho? Kumasulira amatanthauza "pepala zhovanaya." Ndipotu, ndi chuma pogwiritsa ntchito pepala kapena makatoni zolemera zomatira. Ndipo nthawi zambiri kuthyolako otchedwa papier-mache. Photo zinthu zodabwitsa anapanga njira imeneyi, kuyambitsa mosangalala mafani zambiri needlework.

Mitundu ya papier-mache

Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhaniyi, malinga ndi luso lomwe anapanga.

1. Gulu-gluing pepala pa M'manja wotchedwa papier-mache. Chimene icho chiri, iwo akudziwa pafupifupi chilichonse, chifukwa ankadziwa njira imeneyi zili m'gulu la pulogalamu sukulu ya maphunziro ntchito yamanja.

2. The mtanda viscous, anapanga pamaziko a pepala, choko ndi zomatira, limene njira akamaumba kapena castings kuumbidwa anapanga zinthu zosiyana, umatchedwanso papier-mache. Chimene icho chiri, Sizikudziwika kuti ochuluka kwambiri, monga njira imeneyi ndi zovuta zambiri kapangidwe ndi lakonzedwa kwa nthawi yaitali kupanga misa yokha.

3. zojambula mawonekedwe a zinthu zopangidwa zigawo zingapo zikatoni, amene glued ku zigawo ndi zouma opanikizika - komanso papier-mache.

Kodi izo - wosanjikiza gluing?

Iyi ndi njira yakuti zikhoza kuchitidwa mwamsanga zokwanira chinthu choyambirira zazing'ono. Pofuna kuti ntchito zamanja kuchokera mu pepala mache ndi manja awo, mbuye adzafunika: chitsanzo Chinsinsi pasting mwachindunji yekha kumata ndi pepala.

Chitsanzo amakhalabe uncorrupted, wosanjikiza loyamba pepala yothira madzi wamba, zigawo ziwiri ntchito pamwamba pa Chinsinsi cha. Ndiye, zigawo zotsatirazi kale angongole kudzera nyimbo kogwirizana. Chifukwa chaichi, mungathe kugwiritsa zomatira zachipembedzo, koma chifukwa cha mtengo chopulumutsa kuphika phala la wowuma ndi ufa kumveka.

Kawirikawiri chofunika kuika kwa zigawo 100 kotero kuti handicrafts zopangidwa papier-mache, zopangidwa ndi manja ake, silamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha mpanda wolimba pa kusiyana pakati pa zigawo za pepala amaika mumsewu nsalu kuti zimakhazikika ndi mankhwala. Koma ngati tikulankhula ndi papier-mache kwa oyamba, ndi zolimba adzakhala kwambiri.

Kodi kuphika phala

Kuwonjezera alipidwa okwana-zomatira mbuye kupulumutsiramo zambiri ntchito amamwa yolusa mankhwala ndi kutuluka papier-mache. Buku yokonza phala - zikuchokera zochokera ufa kapena wowuma - ndi wosavuta. Mwachidule, ndi mfundo ya zakudya kuphika.

1. poto ndi madzi (2 malita) anatsanulira nachiyika kuwira.

2. Panthawi imeneyi, mu chidebe yaing'ono monga galasi, analimbikitsa mu magalamu 100 ozizira madzi 3 supuni ufa wowuma kapena ochiritsira (siyabwino flours ndi zina monga oladevaya kapena pancake).

3. Mu madzi otentha unatsanuliridwa mu mtsinje woonda pamene oyambitsa kuyimitsidwa wa ufa ndi achangu pamodzi ndi madzi ndi kubweretsa kwa chithupsa. Childs, pambuyo phala moti amakhala kuzimiririka woyera ndi ena mandala.

4. Matani ayenera ukhale pansi, ndipo mukhoza kuyamba kupanga papier-mache ku nyuzipepala.

Kodi kukonzekera Chinsinsi ndi

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa zidole, masks, mabokosi kwa zamanja. Pambuyo pasting wa preform pepala ambiri kudula ndi mpeni wakuthwa kapena kumaliza amachepetsa anachekedwa, ndi amachepetsa poyera ndi kutenga chidole Chinsinsi. Ndiye amachepetsa kuti amakondana kwambiri pamodzi msoko lapansi.

Koma nthawi zina dzanja si Chinsinsi oyenera nkhani zopangidwa papier-mache. Zotsimikizira Buku zinthu mfitiyo ntchito pasting, nayenso, si yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri izo inamangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo mosavuta, angongole pamodzi Midway makatoni zonenepa mwa mipukutu ya mapepala chimbudzi kapena mathawulo pepala, matchboxes kanthu kapena makatoni a madzi ndi mkaka.

Pali njira Chinsinsi kukonzekera monga vyleplivanie kuti kuchokera ku dothi, dongo, ndipo ngakhale ntchito balloons.

Kumutsatira nkhani zamkati pepala

Ngati mukufuna zidole ku papier-mache, ndiyeno inu mukhoza ndikaonekere kwa onse woyamba ndi Yachiwiri. Njira onse chofunika Chinsinsi. Ngati palibe, m'pofunika kuti iwo okha, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa.

Pali njira pamene chidole cha papier-mâché Kupaka chopangidwa ndi kulemera zochokera Chinsinsi pepala. Pambuyo kuyanika analimbikitsanso kudula wosanjikiza chapamwamba, popanda wokhudza M'manja kuti asiyanitse amachepetsa Chrixitu, kuchotsa kamangidwe. Ndiye, papier-mache amachepetsa apangidwe ndi glued pamodzi.

Mukhoza sculpt chosema pepala zamkati "kuchokera zikande", ntchito kokha sewero, chithunzi kapena chithunzi. Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi monga kuti anthu amene ali ndi talente ena.

zinthu zambiri zopangidwa papier-mache mu nthawi yochepa - n'zotheka!

Papier-mache, chomwe mu n'kupanga kuponyera pepala ndi misa zomatira, abwino kwambiri kwa mtanda kupanga zinthu zomwezo. Choncho, kwa mawonekedwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito silikoni sealant. Ndi zotheka kuti izo kuchokera pulasitala. Nthawi zonse, mawonekedwe ayenera zigwirizana amachepetsa awiri.

sealant The umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa M'manja mafuta, ngati nkotheka wogawana. Plasticine Kamangidwe silingafotokoze mafuta. Ndiye, preform ayenera ziume bwino. Pambuyo kuchotsa nkhungu kwa mawonekedwe ya m'pofunika kukonza mu bokosi ndi mchere kapena mchenga mpaka mkati. Ndiye voids zoika wosanjikiza wandiweyani popanda mipata mpweya, kulemera kawiri analola kuti ziume.

Pambuyo kuchotsa kwa nkhungu amachepetsa wa akusowekapo ali glued, TACHIMATA ndi phunziroli ndi utoto. Kumapeto Ndi bwino kuika wosanjikiza varnish.

Pulasitala nkhungu anapanga bokosi, kumene pulasitala chisanadze anaika mokwanira wandiweyani kugwirizana. The Chinsinsi komanso kudzoza kapena glycerine ndi theka adalowetsedwa ku thunthu. Pambuyo kuyanika, woyamba nkhungu Kamangidwe atamupopa. Njira polenga nkhungu akubwerezedwa, koma akusunsa mu chachiwiri Chinsinsi theka pulasitala.

Kupanga zamkati kwa handicrafts ndi ziboliboli

Ngati mwasankha mbuye papier-mâché zochokera pepala linayamba zina youma ndi zomatira, ndiye ayenera kudziwa mmene kuti kulemera kwa akamaumba kapena kuponyera mafano.

Pali formulations angapo misa izi.

1. Akugwera pepala chimbudzi ndi ankawaviika madzi otentha kwa tsiku.
2. Pamakhala bwino Knead ndi falitsani misa. Akatswiri kuchita kubowola ichi ndi nkhafi ndikupita pa chopukusira ndi.
3. Powonjezera pulasitala youma, potero mbuye amachotsa madzimadzi owonjezera ndipo amakwaniritsa misa osalimba. Mukhoza kudzaza ufa mu zamkati mapepala, koma ndiye pali kuthekera kuti nthawi alibe ntchito mankhwala akhoza kuonongeka. Ambiri kuwonjezera ufa choko, koma ndiye mankhwala ndi kusweka mosavuta kusiyana ndi mmene zimakhalira pulasitala papier-mache.
4. Apanso kusakaniza bwino zimaŵetedwa misa zomatira joiner a, anakonza malinga ndi chokhalira kupanga ake. Mukhozanso ntchito glues ena. Komabe, kalipentala sangalole mwamsanga kumvetsa pulasitala, chimene chiri chofunika. Kulemera linanena bungwe ayenera amafanana ndi dongo aliwonse, khalani mawonekedwe ndi zabwino, koma si n'kudziphatika kwa manja.
5. The osakaniza chifukwa ankagwiritsa ntchito yomweyo, koma kuwalola kuti agone usiku firiji. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, misa lagawidwa zidutswa za kilogalamu ndi (pazipita theka kilogalamu) nanyamula mu mapepala apulasitiki.

Ena ojambula zithunzi kupereka kuwonjezera misa ena spoonfuls wa masamba mafuta.

Yachiwiri njira isiyana woyamba mu zigawo zikuluzikulu youma (ufa, choko kapena gypsum) anawonjezera kuti izo. Koma pambuyo akuwukha pepala kutigwira kudzera cheesecloth, kuchotsa madzimadzi muyeso, koma popanda kukwaniritsa dryness zake zonse.

The kukonzekera gawo la chilengedwe cha mwaluso sculptural

Ndithudi, izo zonse akuyamba ndi mfundo za mlembi. Pamene wojambula akupanga sewero lokhudza tsogolo papier-mache ndi manja ake, m'maganizo mwake amakhala contours weniweni kale. Komabe, ena monga maziko awo zojambula kale kapena zithunzi, ndi amene ayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kenako, mbuye waya ndi njira improvised umabala chimango chosema. Pambuyo izi kukonzekera ntchito mbuye chimaposa zonse ndondomeko mawerengeredwe. Ndipo patapita kanthawi pa malo zosamveka mafupa ukuonekera ntchito yaluso.

Ziboliboli zopangidwa zamkati pepala

Osati munthu aliyense angathandize zongopeka kulingalira kuti ojambula zithunzi oona Ngokhoza kulenga mwa papier-mache. Photo ambiri a katswiri awa a sculptural luso chidwi ndi kupanga amasirira luso wa ambuye wa nkhaniyi.

Kamodzi mankhwala ndi achikale ndipo youma, pakubwera yachiwiri yaikulu siteji ya ntchito. Tsopano mbuye smooths padziko chosema ndi amakamba wosanjikiza wina wochepa thupi la papier-mache. Kawirikawiri zikuchokera kwa kumutsatira zamanja papier-mache ndi manja awo anatithandiza madzi (madzi ndi zomatira), kotero kuti zamkati wakhala modekha, kotero kuti sangathe kuchita ntchito wosakhwima ndithu.

Pambuyo wina mbuye youma amanyamula Mpeni mosamala amadula onse zosafunika. Kenako, ntchito nazhdachki woonda ndi kuwavula monyanyira onse.

Priming ndi kupenta mankhwala - otsiriza ndi womaliza siteji ya ntchito. Akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi lacquer anamaliza mankhwala.

mankhwala utoto ku papier-mache

Ngakhale mankhwala zophweka kwambiri monga bokosi kapena pakhoma mbale, kukongoletsa mbale ndi trays, ndi wojambula woona kungayambitse chilengedwe chokongola. Ponena za upamwamba, ndi amisiri kulenga ntchito zazikulu. Palekh, Khokhloma ndi Gzhel, Fedoskino ndi kum'maŵa kakang'ono - madera onsewa lero zikugwirizananso ndi papier-mâché.

Zofunika kwambiri ...

Kaya njira yopanga malonda papier-mache kusankha mbuye, chirichonse lingaliro yake yolenga, nkofunika kuti chithunzicho mwa ntchito yake kuti umatha, maganizo awo, kuyesera kuuza ena zimene amasamalila. N'chifukwa chake, mwina ataona zithunzi za katswiri wa ambuye lenileni la moyo chimakhala kuwala ndi chimwemwe. Lopanga ndi kulenga, kumanga, mwina m'chigonjetso mwa dziko la kukongola!