Oxides Basic ndi katundu

Oxides - mankhwala amene mamolekyulu zigwirizana atomu mpweya makutidwe ndi okosijeni - 2 ndi maatomu a chinthu chachiwiri.

oxides ndi popangidwa ndi zimene pakati pa mpweya ndi chinthu china kapena ayi - ndi kuwonongeka kwa zapansi, salt, zidulo. mankhwala mtundu wotere ali ponseponse kwambiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo akhoza kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe a mafuta, madzi kapena olimba. Pansi pa dzikoli nawonso oxides. Mwachitsanzo, mchenga, dzimbiri, mpweya woipa , ngakhalenso madzi mwachizolowezi - zitsanzo zonse oxides.

Pali ngati mchere zomwe zimapezeka ndi nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Salt-kupanga chifukwa cha mankhwala anachita zokolola salt. Zikuphatikizapo oxides zitsulo ndi nonmetals, limene anachita ndi madzi kupanga asidi, ndipo anachita ndi patsinde - mchere, wolunga ndi acidic. Kuti, mchere zomwe zimapezeka monga Mwachitsanzo okusayidi mkuwa.

Choncho, kuchokera mchere nesoleobrazuyuschih zosatheka. Mwachitsanzo, carbon dioxide, okusayidi dinitrogen, ndi okusayidi asafe.

Salt-kupanga oxides zidzasankhidwa nawonso, pa zofunika, acid ndi amphoteric. Ife kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za waukulu.

Choncho, oxides zofunika - ndi oxides zitsulo winawake, hydroxides lolingana amene ali ku gulu la zapansi. Ndiko kuti, mwa kuchita ndi asidi zinthu zina zimapanga madzi ndi mchere. Mwachitsanzo, K2O, CaO, MgO, ndi zina zotero. Mu zinthu zachilendo, ndi oxides zofunika olimba crystalline dongosolo. Digiri oksileniya zitsulo mu mankhwala amenewa ndi zambiri osati oposa awiri kapena atatu kawirikawiri.

Chemical katundu wa oxides chititsimikizira

1. Chisoni ndi asidi

Ilo liri mu anachita ndi okusayidi asidi chikusonyeza katundu amafotokoza Koma zatsopano izi ndikhoza kutsimikizira makamaka mtundu okusayidi. Ngati mchere ndi madzi anapanga - choncho, ndi okusayidi zofunika. oxides Acidic chonchi mawonekedwe asidi mogwirizana. A akhoza kuonetsa katundu amphoteric kapena acidic, kapena zofunika - izo zimatengera zinthu. Awa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati oxides ndi nesoleobrazuyuschih.

2. Chisoni ndi madzi

Mu ntchito mogwirizana ndi madzi kulowa oxides anthu zitsulo amene anapanga angapo voteji magetsi, akukumana magnesium. Pa anachita ndi madzi, iwo apanga zapansi sungunuka. Gulu la oxides zamchere lapansi ndi zitsulo soda (barium okusayidi, lifiyamu okusayidi, etc.). oxides Acidic mu madzi kupanga chidulo, ndi amphoteric samva madzi.

3. Chisoni ndi oxides acidic ndi amphoteric

Kusirira mankhwala ake oxides chikhalidwe chiyani wina ndi mzake, potero kupanga mchere. Mwachitsanzo, oxides zofunika akhoza kutani ndi asidi koma salabadira mamembala ena a gulu lawo. Anthu ambiri yogwira ali oxides zitsulo soda, zamchere-lapansi ndi magnesium. Ngakhale zinthu zachilendo, iwo zinaphatikizidwa ndi oxides olimba amphoteric, asidi olimba ndi gaseous. Pa anachita ndi oxides acidic, iwo apanga salt kake.

Koma oxides yaikulu ya miyala ina layamba ndi pafupifupi samva ndi oxides ndi gaseous (Acidic). Iwo angakhoze kokha kuyamba lumikiza anachita ndi alloying ndi oxides olimba acid.

4. Redox Katundu

Yogwira soda oxides zitsulo musati kuonetsa kutchulidwa kuchepetsa kapena oxidizing katundu. Mosiyana, oxides si monga zitsulo yogwira angachire malasha, wa hydrogen, amoniya kapena mpweya monoxide.

Kukonzekera oxides zoyambirira

1. hydroxides kuwonongeka: insoluble akamanena mkangano kuwola ndinso madzi ndi okusayidi zofunika.

2. makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zitsulo: soda njira zitsulo peroxide pa kuyaka mu mpweya, kenako ndipamene pachimake mu kuchepetsa okusayidi.