Otsetsereka, kukwera ndi m'lifupi mwake m'dera akhungu

Akhungu m'dera kungathandize kwambiri pomanga nyumba. mchitidwe Zimenezi zimathandiza kusalola madzi maziko, zimapangitsa kunja kwa nyumba wathunthu, ndipo kawirikawiri n'chofunikira ndi msewu. tepi akhale zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali malamulo lolamulira magawo monga m'lifupi m'dera akhungu kuzungulira nyumbayo, kutalika kwake oyenerera.

Kodi zipangizo zikhoza kuchitika m'dera akhungu

Nthawi zambiri izi Chofunika nyumba yopangidwa:

• konkire;
• amaika mumsewu slabs;
• miyala.

Kodi m'dera akhungu anaika kuzungulira nyumba yonseyo. Ena omanga ndikukhulupirira kuti kusinthika kwa kuda m'nyumba akhoza kuchita popanda izo. Komabe, maganizo izi ndi zolakwika. Malinga ndi malamulo, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, malo akhungu akuti ndi chinthu kuvomerezedwa.

amafuna General SNIP

A akhungu malo m'lifupi ayenera kukhala malo wochezeka kuzungulira nyumbayo, tikupeza pansipa. Tsopano tiyeni kuthana ndi zofunika ambiri SNIP pa izi zofunika structural zikuluzikulu za nyumba. Mu kupanga malo akhungu ayenera kutsatira makamaka ndi miyezo ngati kumanga:

• kapangidwe ayenera kukhala linapendekeka motsogozedwa patsinde kunja kunyumba;
• pakati pa malo akhungu ndi gawo aboveground kwa maziko nyumba kukhala kusiya mpata wa za 20 mamilimita;
• Chakudya adzakhala mosalekeza amuzungulire nyumba.

Kutsatira mfundo izi ayenera kuvomerezedwa. Apo ayi, dera akhungu adzachita ngalande wake ntchito ya maziko. kusiyana ndi woti frosts mu simenti kapena tepi matailosi si mbamuikha pa maziko, ndipo chotero, si kuuononga. Lembani olowa kuwonjezeka zambiri mchenga kapena sealant.

Amapanga malo aliwonse akhungu tichipeza zinthu ziwiri zazikulu:

• m'munsi, omwe akhale mchenga, wosweka mwala kapena miyala;
• m'munsi odula, ntchito yaikulu imene ndi kuteteza malowedwe a madzi gawo mobisa maziko a nyumbayo.

M'lifupi a akhungu dera kunyumba

Kumene, muyenera kupanga tepi molondola. Chinthu choyamba kusankha m'lifupi. Akukhulupirira kuti wamkulu phindu bwino.

Malinga specifications, m'lifupi m'dera akhungu ayenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm, koma ndi bwino ngati chizindikiro ichi ndi wofanana ndi 1 kapena 1.5 mamita kwa kusankha chizindikiro makamaka otmostki m'lifupi ayenera kutsatira ..:

• kutalika kwa eaves overhang;
• nthaka dongosolo.

Pa gawo la nthaka m'dziko lathu pafupifupi m'madera onse ali bwino katundu mwankhanza mphamvu. Komabe, nthawi zina komabe izo zimachitika kuti limeneli makamaka kwambiri atengeke mapindikidwe. Pa amenewa, kuzungulira nyumba zambiri akonzekeretse lalikulu kwambiri akhungu dera (2 m). Ngati dothi ali wabwino katundu mwankhanza mphamvu, n'zotheka ndalama ndi kumanga kapangidwe kuchepera.

Mulimonsemo, kusankha ndi chizindikiro monga M'lifupi mwa malo akhungu, musaiwale kuti protrude kupitirira ndege mpanda wa nyumba, tepi adzasala osachepera 20 cm kuposa eaves lapansi. Apo ayi izo seep pansi loyenda madzi kuchokera padengapo.

Mbali ya ndingaliro

Pamene m'lifupi m'dera akhungu amusankha, n'zotheka kudziwa mbali ya ndingaliro. njira imeneyi amatsatila malamulo. Malinga ndi SNP, ndingaliro ya m'dera akhungu a cobblestone kapena miyala kukhala wofana ndi 5-10% ya m'lifupi. Ndiko mapangidwe Mwachitsanzo, 100 cm, chithunzi ichi adzakhala padziko 5-10 Pavings cm. Konkire kapena phula njingayo, malinga ndi malamulo, ayenera kukhala wolingana 3-5% ya M'lifupi mwa chizindikiro. Mulimonsemo, musati muzichita kwambiri osaya akhungu dera. Kwakukulu mbali ya ndingaliro bwino adzapatsidwa patsinde ndi maziko a madzi, choncho yaitali nyumba yokha.

Kutalika kwa malo akhungu

Kaya M'lifupi mwa malo akhungu a nyumbayi, pa m'mphepete lakunja la padziko lapansi kuti likhale masentimita osachepera 5. Pa gawo la kapu, kuti chithunzi ichi udzakhala wautali ndi masentimita angapo (malingana ndi ngodya ya). m'dera zina akhungu pamwamba pansi kwambiri palibe Nyamulani. Choncho n'zotheka ndalama pa zipangizo. Komabe, ndi bwino kumanga pafupi tepi wautali nyumba. Pankhaniyi, izo kupatulako madzi efficiently, komanso yayitali.

Kodi kukhala makulidwe

Malinga ndi mfundo ayenera kungawachititse pansi otmostku kukumba akuya masentimita osachepera 40. Mulimonsemo, nthaka vegetative wosanjikiza pamene akuchita ntchito yomanga ntchito ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Sand bedi pansi pa tepi aikidwa kwathunthu wosanjikiza olimba dongo kapena laimu.

Ndi kumanga malo akhungu a mokakamizidwa akutukuka mfundo kukula. Apo ayi, chifukwa kusintha tepi kutentha mofulumira kwambiri kuwonongedwa. Malinga ndi mfundo SNIP mfundo kuwonjezeka ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi phula la osachepera 1.7-2 m. Mu ngodya m'dera akhungu kuwapanga iwo ayenera.

luso opanga

Asanayambe kumanga malo akhungu ayenera kumaliza ntchito zonse, kukhazikitsa zimenezi zingawachititse kuwonongeka kwa tepi. Ndiko kuti, denga, eaves ndi canopies ayenera kale kuikidwa.

Ndipotu iye otmostki kupanga ndondomeko zimatanthauza magawo angapo:

• zitalizitali zimasonyeza wokwera pa m'mphepete lakunja la tepi;
• kukumba dzenje kwa chipangizo m'munsi ndi chisindikizo wake pansi;
• kuwanditsa mu analandira "ufa" chomenyedwa (pa wosanjikiza ake m'munsi ayenera kukhala masentimita 15, m'mphepete - 10 cm).

M'tsogolo, sayansi ya ntchito Zimatengera mtundu wa zinthu osankhidwa kupanga malo akhungu. Dzenje kapena kuthira simenti osakaniza kapena mwa kukonza maziko 3 cm wandiweyani, amaika mumsewu matailosi a amaika mumsewu.

M'lifupi mwa malo akhungu a SNP akhale okwanira. The makulidwe a yomanga imeneyi ndi wotsika. Choncho, pamene amphamvu katundu makina mantha kapena lamba konkire mosavuta kugwa. Popewa izi, malo akhungu ayenera kwenikweni pomwe. Kulimbikitsa tepi pamaso kuthira grout m'dzenje kukhazikitsa khoka ndi mauna a 100x100 mm. Mukhozanso ntchito ndodo, anaika chilolo.

zimfundo kufutukuka zambiri matabwa tarred a 10-20 mm. Pa chomaliza konkire m'dera akhungu ayenera prozheleznit. Chifukwa chaichi, maola 1-2 pambuyo kuthira pamwamba pake ayenera 3-7 mamilimita kuwataya simenti wosanjikiza.

Kodi angakonze ngalande

The madzi kothandiza kwambiri kuchokera maziko adzapatsidwa pokhapokha ngati m'lifupi m'dera akhungu a nyumba ndi osachepera 3 m. Inde, pafupi ndi wakunja kwatawuni nyumba payekha ziwembu ngati osauka ndi osowa kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, eni nyumba ndi nyumba zing'onozing'ono limangolembedwa ntchito ngati chitetezo zina livnevki ndi ngalande. Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa madzi okwanira kukumba kufanana m'mphepete lakunja m'dera wakhungu tatikulu poyambira. Kupewa fraying zina, ndi bwino kuika odulidwa pamodzi kutalika kwa chitoliro pulasitiki.

Malamulo okhudza msinkhu wa plinth ndi

Kusankha mfundo m'dera akhungu akhale pa siteji ya kapangidwe ka nyumba. chakuti nkhani izi amafotokozera structural zimadalira zizindikiro monga kutalika plinth wapangidwa. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani zovuta ntchitoyo ayenera kupereka malo okwera a maziko ndi kutalika osachepera masentimita 50. Mmunsimu plinth kuchita mu nkhani iyi si zofunika kwa kupanga malo akhungu. Pamwamba dera wakhungu osweka kapena Mwachitsanzo, clays aboveground kutalika kwa maziko akhoza zing'onozing'ono. Pankhaniyi, zidzakhala zokwanira kudzaza plinth 30 cm.

Ming'alu m'dera akhungu

Ngati konkire kuponyera luso tepi lidzasweka kenako ilo kwenikweni ming'alu. Siyani yopanda chilema sangakhale akhungu dera. ming'alu Small akhoza kuthira madzi osakaniza konkire anakonza mu 1x1 makulidwe. Lonse tadulidwa kuya lonse, mwayeretsa ndi kudzazidwa ndi putty anapanga phula (70%), phulusa (10%) mankhwala (15%). Kwambiri kwambiri lalikulu tepi chiwonongeko inathetsedwa ndi kuthira konkire Kusakaniza.

Pomaliza

Choncho, ife tinapeza chimene m'lifupi akhale wakhungu m'dera kunyumba ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhala kutalika ndi otsetsereka. Mulimonsemo, kutsatira malangizo onetsetsani kuti snip pomanga malo akhungu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mfundo luso zotsimikizira amafotokozera structural a nyumba. Apo ayi, m'dera akhungu adzachita ndi ngalande ntchito ya maziko bwino. Ndipo uyu, nayenso, ndithu bwanji moyo wa utumiki nyumba m'munsi.