Opaleshoni ya zonenepa injini

Opaleshoni machitidwe a zonenepa zimadalira malo awo ndi malo wachibale wa cranks mu crankshaft lapansi. Iwo anaonetsetsa ndi kanthu gazoraspredelyayuschego mafuta okwanira limagwirira ndi (mu carburettor injini - dongosolo poyatsira), kugwira ntchito osakaniza poyatsira ndi kutsegula yake ndi kutseka mavavu.

Ntchito injini zinayi yamphamvu

Pa crankshaft ndi cranks onse ali mu ndege yomweyo, pamene awiri a iwo anatembenukira kwa mbali imodzi ndi inayo - kuti pandunji, i.e. mbali pakati cranks pafupi madigiri 180. The pistons za wachiwiri ndi wachitatu yamphamvu ndi dongosolo limeneli, pita, pa nthawi yomweyo pistons choyamba ndi wachinayi ndi adatchithisira pansi. Mwachibadwa, zosayenera kuyamba kuyenda ndi imodzi mwa zonenepa awiri. Choncho, ngati chimayambira mu woyamba, zakudya chachinayi ayenera kuyamba. Panthawi imeneyi, amasulidwe kapena psinjika a kumachitika mu yamphamvu wachiwiri. Mu udindo uliwonse wa crankshaft mu umodzi wa zonenepa ndi chinagwira ntchito sitiroko. Uliwonse wotsatira izo lidzayamba pambuyo pa yapita ndendende 180 madigiri.

Kugwira ntchito mu zisanu ndi yamphamvu zonenepa injini

Iwo cranks wa crankshaft ndi anakonza awiriawiri, munthu wina pa makona a madigiri 120. Mugulu motsatizana pistons pambuyo yapita akubwera mu malo akufa kapswa madigiri 120. Kubuka zimachitika yamphamvu kudzera intervals chimodzimodzi. Kakonzedwe kotero ali ndi mwayi Vaz zonenepa, chomwe chakuti mu zoyandikana kung'anima zimachokeradi motsatizana. Mu kusinthana izi zimatheka mavuto chifukwa olumikiza ndodo-tiyipukuse limagwirira.

Kayendesedwe yamphamvu V-mtundu injini

Tiyipukuse kutsinde akhoza kuwataya pa ngodya ya 180 ndi 90 madigiri. Ndi cranks onse ogwirizana ndi kulumikiza ndodo ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo olumikizidwa kwa woyamba pisitoni yamphamvu, winayo - ndi wachiwiri. A pisitoni yamphamvu ya mzere woyamba amagwanso chapamwamba mfundo akufa, poyerekeza ndi wachiwiri pafupi madigiri 90 kale.

Kayendesedwe injini khumi yamphamvu

Pa nthawi iliyonse, kuwonjezeka kwa ikuchitika zonenepa atatu: munthu wayamba, ndiyeno kenako akupitiriza ndipo itha lachitatu. Izi zimachititsa kusintha ndi kochepa wa kutsinde makokedwe ndi moyenera, lalikulu sitiroko pachilichonse.

Machitidwe a nyenyezi injini yamphamvu

The crankshaft ali tiyipukuse chimodzi chokha, chimene muli nacho chokhudzana ndodo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pisitoni mu yamphamvu woyamba ali pamwamba mfundo akufa kumene kulumikiza ndodo phazi ndi tiyipukuse imakonzedwa pa mzere umodzi. The pisitoni chachiwiri chidzabwera kwa mfundo imeneyi pambuyo kukhota mwa ngodya ya crankshaft ndi ofanana mbali pakati pa nkhwangwa yamphamvu yotsatira. Mwinanso kasinthasintha sitiroko kokha pamene wosamvetseka angapo zonenepa. Choncho, injini nthaŵi zonse nambala wosamvetseka, ndipo osapitirira 11. Ngati ndi kotheka, nambala yaikulu ya zonenepa imakonzedwa mizere angapo, aliyense wa iwo ankakhala mu ndege yomweyo, ntchito mu tiyipukuse wamba.