Olembetsedwa Cossacks Russia

Oimira kwambiri palokha ethno-chikhalidwe chikhalidwe pa dera la Russia, wodziwika ndi dzina kunyadira Cossacks, ndi mbiri yaitali ndi ulemerero. Kwa zaka zambiri, kuti kusanduka chikhalidwe chawo osiyana, moyo, mfundo ndi malamulo. Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX, ndi kugawikana kwa Cossack m'dera magulu awiri: amene sanavomereze mphamvu pa okha ndi moyo ndi malamulo awo, ndi anthu amene amakonda utumiki ofunda boma, analandira malipiro ndi opareshoni pansi lamulo wapadera. inawo amatchedwa rositala.

nkhani

Mu Russia, m'madera Cossack n'chinthu chofunikira ndi midzi palokha ankhondo, zomwe inali kunja kwa mzinda wa dziko, pa gawo pafupi ndi Commonwealth ndi m'madera ena bwinja. Ethnological zikuchokera anapanga pang'onopang'ono, m'dera zaufulu anadza akapolo wothawa, zigawenga kapena anthu kufunafuna moyo wabwino.

M'zaka XVII, boma anapempha kuti kukhulupirika kwa Cossacks ndi usilikali, nchifukwa chake anthu anali kuukira lalikulu, nthawi zina kuwopsezedwa kuti mphamvu lachifumu (Pugachev kupanduka). Kenako, kalasi analandira ufulu wapadera boma, anawasiya mwayi kuti dziko lawo ndi kukhazikitsa pali chikhalidwe yekha, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kukhala pa utumiki boma ndi kumvera mutu wa boma.

Savomereza ndi moyo umenewu, ena mabungwe sanafune kukhala wamng'ono, kukhala malamulo wina yakeyake moyo ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo lero, pali kusiyana lalikulu pakati pa Cossacks anthu ndi boma, kuyamba Government kwa chitsitsimutso cha kayendedwe mu Russia chabutsa zambiri mtsutso ziwiri m'misasa otsutsanawa.

mbiri ya makono

Boma Soviet ntchito miyeso kuyeza kwambiri mwachibale kwa Cossacks, pambuyo Civil nkhondo, anthu a m'gulu limeneli mitundu anali pansi kupondereza, maulalo, anadzichepetsa ufulu katundu ndi mtundu. Chitsitsimutso cha anthu akuyamba ndi malamulo ndi mtsogoleli wadziko la Chitaganya cha Russia mu 1992 pa konzanso ya anthu anazunzidwa.

Patatha zaka ziwiri, boma amakhazikitsa yachilendo ndondomeko anthu umalimbana kulimbitsa chitetezo m'dzikoli, kuphatikizapo kupyolera mu chitsitsimutso cha Cossacks. Kuti ndawala pakati pa anthu, ndi utumiki wawo kulonjeza chiwerengero maudindo ndi udindo.

Pomaliza Mwalamulo Cossacks Russia analandira ndondomeko zolimbana ndi AIDS ntchito ya mu 1998, pamene iye analengedwa mndandanda wa mabungwe m'gulu gulu. mndandanda kawirikawiri kudzudzulidwa ndi anthu, kotero, ambiri amanena kuti ambiri amene anasankha ntchito pa boma la Russia, alibe poyerekezera Cossacks, chifukwa ngakhale pansi Boris Yeltsin m'kalasimo ankaloledwa aliyense.

malamulo m'munsi

Lamanja la utumiki wolalikira ndi okhawo anthu amene ali wa mayina a m'kaundula wa magulu. Ntchito zonse za Cossacks ali okhwima chimango malamulo, chikalata kwambiri ndi Chilamulo Federal wa 05.12.2005 "Pa State Service a Russian Cossacks". Apa sizinatchulidwe tanthauzo la madera wapadera, dongosolo la gulu lawo ndi kulolerana mu kulembetsa boma.

Pofuna kupeza kuzindikira pagulu ndi udindo yoyenera, mayina Cossacks kapena kucheza ndi anzawo ayenera kupereka kwa akuluakulu a nthambi za zikalata izi:

• anatengera pa msonkhano wa hayala dera, mbiri yabwino ndi makonsolo;
• mndandanda wa midzi, m'midzi ing'onoing'ono ndi midzi kuti ali m'gulu la latsopano;
• chilolezo cha mamembala onse a Msonkhano General;
• mndandanda wa Cossacks anawawerenga, okhoza ndi wofunitsitsa kuchita utumiki wothandiza.

Khumi magulu ankhondo, ambiri a iwo anapanga mu nthawi kuchokera 1996 mpaka 1998 anali mayina lero. Komanso, pali anayi Cossack zigawo - chakumadzulo, ndi ku likulu lake ku St. Petersburg, ku Baltic (Kaliningrad), Sevastopol ndi Crimea.

Mitundu ya utumiki wothandiza

Ambiri amakayikira za ulendo wa boma kuti zikhale Cossack mayanjano, zonse wawo ndi kulimbikitsa. Independent oimira malo mukukhulupirira izo zangokhala njira chodzala maganizo kukonda dziko lako mu dziko, kufuna Kumvetsela mgwirizano m'malo lalikulu lankhondo la mphamvu wamkulu.

Koma palinso lothandiza utumiki wothandiza, kutsimikizira mabungwe ngakhalenso anthu. Ndi boma ntchito, chithandizo cha ndalama, ubwino, chithandizo chapadera. Boma Watsimikiza pachibwenzi 26.02.2010 inakhazikitsa mitundu otsatirawa a ntchito ya boma, kumene iwo angakhoze ntchito Cossacks Mwalamulo:

• gulu la maphunziro asilikali kukonda dziko lako la kulemba anthu usilikali, kusunga mbiri anthu a mmudzimo;
• kukhazikitsa zinthu yazamalamulo, ngati n'koyenera, nawo liquidation wa mwadzidzidzi;
• kuteteza malire a Russia, yazamalamulo thandizo, kupewa kudzamenyana ndi kuopseza ndi zigawenga;
• kuteteza nkhalango ndi ntchito zachilengedwe ku zachilengedwe;
• zosungira makhalidwe onse a zinthu za mtengo mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe.

usilikali

Chotsani matanthauzo monga kumene udindo ayenera kunyamula Cossacks boma la Russia, pali palibe. The mafunso yoyamba kunakhala usilikali, choncho mosapita m'mbali mu provisional boma mfundo chisankho oimira a kalasi sangathe magulu zida. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, chachikulu bungwe chilamulo cha 2005 n'chakuti kuti:

1. Cossacks amalimbikitsa maphunziro auzimu ndiponso dziko lawo la kulemba anthu usilikali, sitima kusungitsa asilikali.
2. Cossacks akhoza alipire liquidation wa mwadzidzidzi, masoka achilengedwe, ndi kuchita chodzikanira boma.
3. Onetsetsani kugwilizana ndi lamulo la boma ndi dongosolo.

Popeza 2011, Cossacks olembetsedwa chokuchititsani kuloŵa usilikali anatumizidwa ku mayunitsi wapadera asilikali, kumene kuti anali anakhalabe inasintha mu makalasi awo. Koma kanthu uyu si zabwino palokha, regiments amenewa sanakhale Cossack, ndipo mu 2014 mtima kwambiri yayimitsidwa.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, panali mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito asilikali Cossack kwa ntchito chitetezo, ndi mayunitsi wapadera wa apolisi Makampani chitetezo payekha, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi akapitawo Utumiki Mkati kusunga dongosolo, am'manga anthu amene aphwanya malamulo.

chipangizo chamakono

Zikamera wa lamulo malamulo a msonkhano onse wakhala kuchigwira ndi Cossacks kwabasi. Kwa zaka zambiri sanathe abwezere Mama, ndipo tsopano kudutsa oimira dziko la wotchuka m'gulu ntchito yazamalamulo, kufufuza milandu ndi polimbana uchigawenga. Photos of Cossacks boma kusonyeza ntchito yawo pa moyo pagulu: iwo anali Akhristu a parades asilikali, akulowera, kukonda kwambiri dziko kapena zochitika chikondi.

Pali kulekana bwino mitundu ya mabungwe, anakhazikitsa mu malo oyamba pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa m'kaundula, ufumu wapadera.

1. The zolimbana thupi - Bungwe pansi mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia.
2. Troop Cossack ammudzi.
3. Chigawo ndi munthu.
4. Regional ndi yurt (anayambitsa mu 2005).
5. The Village, hamlet, mzinda.

Kuwonjezera mabungwe yololedwa mwalamulo pa dera la Russia pali mabungwe angapo, monga Mwalamulo Cossacks. Pa misonkhano ambiri kusankha osankhidwa atsogoleri atsopano, wopindulitsa ndiponso kulimbikitsa anthu amene akhala zofunika zina ziti.

kanali

Malinga ndi malamulo boma, ndi mabungwe mabungwe mabungwe wapadera ndipo kanali angakhoze kokha Cossacks, kukhala pa utumiki boma. dongosolo kuvala kanali ndi mitundu anakhazikitsa lamulo №169 kuchokera 10.02.2010 ndi 10.12.2010 №171. Komanso, udindo wa Captain anapereka tithe Ataman dera kapena asilikali, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa - ndi plenipotentiary woimira Pulezidenti Russian ndi Pulezidenti yekha.

Mu malamulo a boma si bwino sizinatchulidwe tanthauzo chifukwa kanali, kotero kuti dera lililonse amakhazikitsa malamulo ake okhudza mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zomangira phewa. Pali zotsatirazi mndandanda tithe:

1. M'munsi: Cossack, kalaliki, junior anga, anga, anga achikulire, junior anga, anga, anga achikulire.
2. Achikulire ndi apamwamba: podhorunzhy, mphalasa, Kenturiyo, podesaul, Cossack mkulu, asilikali anga, ndi Wapolisiyo Cossack, Cossack General.

Mabungwe yapachiweniweni anthu saloledwa kuvala kanali aliyense pakati pawo pali yogawa osiyana mphamvu, malinga ndi miyambo yakale ya anthu.

maonekedwe

Cossacks akuyesetsa kusunga miyambo ya makolo, makamaka zovala, ngakhale kulolerana awo mu uthunthu kwambiri antchito boma zasintha m'njira zambiri, panali akonzedwa Ndondomeko anyamula. Aliyense dera ali ndi wapadera mbali zimasiyanitsa maonekedwe anthu ake.

Mu 2010 malamulo pa zimene ayenera kukhala mawonekedwe a Cossacks olembetsedwa anasindikizidwa. Pali mitundu ikuluikulu yotsatirayi:

• tsiku lililonse;
• kukwera;
• linanena bungwe kutsogolo;
• perete kubowola;
• wapadera kutsogolo.

Zonse zochita izi mu tsankho osachepera kutsanzira chimango malamulo Utumiki wa Mkati ndi asilikali, ngakhale asilikali Cossack sadzakhala ndi ufulu wofanana ndi nyumba anthu. ntchito zawo zambiri zotheka kuthandiza alonda yazamalamulo.

Terms of chikuonetseratu

mafunso zambiri okhudza kuwuka zikuluzikulu za mzimu kukonda kwambiri dziko la anthu Russian za mmene kukhala Cossacks m'kaundula. Kuyamba chiwerengero cha kalasi imeneyi ndi wovuta kwambiri, phungu ayenera moyo kwa zaka zingapo m'deralo ndipo ndithu kutsimikizira yokha.

Alembe Amasankhidwa ndi nthawi probationary, imene anatenga gawo mu misonkhano popanda yoyenera kuvota, akuphunzira malemba. Funso lomaliza la kulolerana a phungu mu mndandanda wa Cossacks boma anaganiza mwa voti ambiri, ndipo chidzapatsidwa kalata wapadera. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake si mosapita m'mbali, kuti m'madera angapezeke mu zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za chikalata ichi.

Cossacks ndi Orthodox

mchikhalidwe Mkhristu ndi malingaliro lero ali mutu wa mfundo zonse za Cossacks Russian, ngakhale mu zaka za kupondereza ndi emigration limasonyeza kuti anthu ena anayesa kusunga maziko a chikhulupiriro chawo. Choncho, chitsitsimutso mu nineties m'kalasimo kunagwirizana kwambiri Mpingo ndi kukopa kwake.

Chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi maziko ziwalo zonse za gulu mitundu, ngakhale kusiyana anthu ndi boma Cossacks, miyambo ndi zikondwerero ndimazisunga mosamalitsa kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za m'madera kulimbikitsa Umutu ndi kuuka kwa miyambo Mkhristu achinyamata wamasiyeyo ndi kulimbikira makhalidwe abwino.

mavuto

Cossack kuthetsa wa funso la chitukuko la Russia mwachindunji kuyang'aniridwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, komabe pali mavuto ambiri osathetsedwa. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kusiyana malingaliro a anthu ndi boma mabungwe, ndi radeyut choyamba pa kuteteza udzatha demokalase mwa anzanu, pamene ena amalimbikira pa ntchito yokakamiza ku dziko.

Anthu odziwa bwino makhalidwe a anthu nthawi zambiri chidwi ndi funso la kaya ayenera kulandira malipiro a Cossacks olembetsedwa. ndi utumiki wotani - udindo kapena ntchito? Kawirikawiri, mphoto ndalama kwa iwo ndikulondera misewu, nawo kupulumutsa kapena ntchito ya usilikali, ndiponso kuchuluka lolipiridwa Mwachitsanzo, mu dera Kuban kwa olimbana ndi 21-25 zikwi rubles. Izo posachedwapa analola kuti akonze Cossack makampani chitetezo payekha kuteteza mabungwe pawekha kapena loimira gulu.

Adani a dongosolo mfundo Mwalamulo pa milandu boma monga njira kupewa komanso mutsimikizira kuphedwa kwa madongosolo kuchokera pamwamba, poona kukula kwa chivundi cha atsogoleri a mayunitsi asilikali. Akulu ndi kusakhutira akuyang'ana zimene Cossacks kuigwiritsa ntchito pa ndale. kusiyana onsewa kukhalabe kuthetsedwa kapena yosalala, anthu olemekezeka sanataye mizu ndi miyambo yawo.