"Nuremberg dzira": katswiri wa watchmakers German

Kale, ndi nthawi ankaona ndi mantha. Athe yagwiridwira ake anali ndi mwayi wapadera wa anthu. The maola woyamba anali zolakwika, chachikulu, osadalirika. The zamoyo wa watchmaking modifies limagwirira ndi mawonekedwe, kuwapanga iwo onse kwambiri wangwiro ndi zofunika. Ndipo apa mu zaka za m'ma 16 German mbuye iye anatulukira ulonda woyamba, amene akanatha kunyamula. Pakuti mawonekedwe khalidwe ndi zina zina za mtundu uwu wa chipangizo padziko lonse anadzatchedwa monga "mazira Nuremberg." Izi Kutulukira zodabwitsa ife kuthera nkhani yathu.

Woyamba kunyamula wotchi

Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano mu mzinda German wa Nuremberg anali anatulukira zodabwitsa mthumba penyani, amene anali kuvundikira anamaliza. Amuna anavala iwo pa unyolo Ufumuyo lamba wake. Pakuti mtundu osaka awo mankhwala otchedwa "Nuremberg mazira." Mu Germany ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri, iwo anali wotchuka kwambiri. Choncho, tadziwa tsopano tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Nuremberg Dzira".

Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya Nuremberg mthumba wotchi kwa onse mankhwala pa nthawi - portability awo. chipangizo ichi zothandiza wakhala yabwino Komabe, chifukwa mavuto kupanga, ndi lingaliro la anthu odetsedwa mkulu. nyumba ya amapeza chokongoletsedwa. Iwo anali zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsera, miyala, zithunzi. Ambuye anapereka mpata kwa kuganiza kupanga gizmos.

maola mlengi

Monga ku malongosoledwe a wina aliyense ntchito yaikulu, ndi dzina la wolemba mtengo, kudziŵa amene kuyamika mwaluso a. "Nuremberg Dzira" - koloko ndi mbuye wa mzinda German wa Nuremberg mu m'ma 16. Dzina la munthu uyu luso - Peter Henlein.

Chilengedwe cha maola zachilendo si kumatanthauza kotero ndendende mmene dzina la wolemba. Pamene woyamba "Nuremberg dzira" akanakhoza kuoneka? Mwina, mu nthawi kuchokera 1480 mpaka zaka 1511. chipangizo zinali zodabwitsa, ndi yokongola thupi anali wokongola kwambiri kuti wotchi anayamba kunena chilichonse. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a ku Ulaya olemera ankafuna chotere chowonjezera.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake "Nuremberg dzira" ngongole basi maonekedwe a mthumba wotchi. Ndipo ndithu, nyumba Iwo anamaliza kapena chowulungika, kupatula oyimba mkati. Kwa nthawi, muyenera kutsegula theka "mazira". Komabe, musati maziko akuti osaka mankhwala apadera.

dzina German ulonda zikumveka ngati Nurnberger EI - "Nuremberg Dzira". Ndi consonant ndi mawu Latin chifukwa "ola." Choncho pun, koma dzina "Nuremberg dzira" anali anakonza ntchito. Izo zinali zobvomerezeka ndi kuthandiza chilengedwe Peter Henlein kusunga mbiri yawo masiku ano.

mbali chipangizo

The chipangizo latsopano linali lachilendo kwa nthawi, ndi kuchokera pa mtunda wa chitukuko cha umisiri wamakono. Pa imbani kusuntha dzanja limodzi lokha. Choncho, pamene zinasonyeza pafupifupi yekha. Komabe, siteji ya chitukuko cha luso ichi ankaona Kupambana kwakukulu.

Peter Henlein wotchi choncho anali zachitsulo. Ndiko kuti, ndi mokwanira kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwononga makina ndipo loyenereradi udindo wa zinthu, nthawi zambiri zimanyamula nawo.

chipangizo, amene analengedwa ndi Nuremberg koloko, pa nthawi ankaona zovuta. Mkati ndi ambiri magiya osiyana ntchito, koma iwo anali ochepa, kuti wotchi n'zosavuta kuti agwirizane mu thumba lanu. Ndi chodabwitsa kuzindikira kuti yaying'ono ndi zimagwirira ntchito zotheka kuzindikira Kuganizira chidwi.

Henlyayn anapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha zimango kuti ntchito ya masika adikire.

mwaluso luso

Takambirana kale anakwanitsa timudziwe bwino mfundo osaka "Nuremberg Dzira". Kodi koloko, mwinamwake ena anali n'komwe. Komanso, monga mankhwala ndi yokongola kwambiri zojambulajambula (Ntchito ndi zodzikongoletsera, makamaka).

Nuremberg pambuyo maonekedwe ulonda wake akukonda kwambiri mofulumira kwambiri. Zokhumba zigawo za anthu amene akanatha iwo, anali kwambiri. Ndikudziwa kuposa nkhani zikuluzikulu chitsulo. Jewelers linapanga ulonda zitsulo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, dongosolo whimsical. Iwo wapanga mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito yapadera. Atapachikidwa pa tcheni chagolide, Nuremberg mthumba wotchi anali kudzikondweretsa Chalk amuna.

mungapeze toyesa chodabwitsa cha mankhwala ameneŵa kusonkhanitsa payekha. Mu mbiri ya watchmaking, stepi ino imatengedwa wapadera.

Pomaliza

Pa ulendo chidwi ku umodzi mwa nyengo ya m'mbuyomu, ife tafotokozeramu thumba wotchi "Nuremberg Dzira". Mlengi wawo walenga chinthu chapadera: kunyamula wotchi ndi limagwirira zovuta. Iwo anali chowonjezera zodabwitsa.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kuti chipangizo, pitirizani boma wabwino masiku ano - ndi katswiri weniweni wa zojambulajambula. Olemera inlay ndi ntchito wopatsa zipangizo zodula kwambiri chosonyeza mmene anthu anayamikira nthawi ndi zipangizo kupereka semblance ulamuliro pa iye.

"Nuremberg Dzira" - wotchi zimene zingapereke anthu olemera okha a Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Tsopano chosowa nthawi ntchito izi wokongola wa luso zinthu zakale ndi amatchulatchula zopereka payekha.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mfundo zimene zili m'nkhani ino kakuthandizani kulingalira ulemerero n'chobadwa mu ulonda mthumba woyamba amatchedwa "Nuremberg mazira."