Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich: yonena, moyo, chidwi mfundo, zithunzi

Apadera limba ndi pedagogue Genrih Gustavovich Neygauz (1888-1964) anakhala chidwi, moyo wolemera mu nyimbo. mayendedwe ake sipanatenge yosalala, ngakhale kuti tsogolo la anali ndi cholinga kudzipereka kwa kulemba. mbiri yake kugonjetsa mokwanira, amafufuza zigonjetso. Iye wachita kwambiri kwa ana a lero kukumbukira amene Genrih Neygauz. Nthumwi za kumadzitamandira limba sukulu kuti kuphatikiza ma Russian, Viennese ndi German luso ndi kukhala woyambitsa wa sukulu payekha ndi wolowa la ufumu banja? Zonsezi analumikizana mwa munthu m'modzi, amene pachabe analitcha Genrih Veliky.

Childhood ndi Banja

Anabadwa Heinrich Neuhaus Gustavovich April 12, 1988 Elisavetgrad (Ukraine) m'banja nyimbo kwambiri. atate wake Gustav Vilgelmovich anali mwana wa mfiti yosavuta, akupanga limba kuyambira ubwana anasonyeza talente kwambiri nyimbo ndipo azikaphunzira limba. Iye anali ndi mwayi kuphunzira pasukulu ndi walimba wotchuka Ferdinand Hiller. Nditamaliza maphunziro Gustav Neuhaus akadzafika mu Russia, kumene poyamba ankagwira ntchito namkungwi nyimbo mu m'banja lolemera. udindo wake monga mphunzitsi ikukula mofulumira, ndipo mu chaka cha 1898 anatsegula nyimbo zake sukulu ndi thandizo la Alexander Glazunov ndi F. Blumenfeld.

mkazi Gustav, mayi wa Henry, komanso kubanja ndi kugwirizana kwambiri nyimbo. Olga Blumenfeld anali mlongo wa chidwi limba, kondakitala ndi kupeka F. Blumenfeld ndi Karol Shimansovskogo azakhali, wotchuka Polish wopeka nyimbo. Iyenso anali ndi walimba ndi ntchito ndi mwamuna wake ku sukulu nyimbo.

Gustav Neuhaus anali munthu woopsa kwambiri zoona, kunyumba despot ndi pedantic, adafunsira kukwaniritsidwa enieni malamulo onse anakhazikitsa izo. makhalidwe amenewa anali maziko a njira zake zophunzitsira. Iye amabweretsera ophunzira mu atikhaulitse, kuchititsa mbuye njira. Gustav Vilgelmovich analemba mabuku akuluakulu pedagogical, iye anali odzipereka mwamtheradi chifukwa wake, ndipo anali ndi mphamvu wosangalatsa ntchito, zomwe wakhala banja khalidwe Neuhaus.

mapangidwe

Genrih Gustavovich Neygauz, amene mbiri, monga iye anati, "zinapatsira ndi nyimbo," ubwana anakakamizika kuphunzira kalembedwe nyimbo ndi kuphunzira kuimba limba. Atate wake kwathunthu mwake izo yake yophunzitsa njira kukhonda mnyamata kwa maola kuphunzira kusewera ndi mukhale njira, anatsimikiza kukula mwa ana awo ndi wanzeru amaimba piyano. Zonsezi kuyambira ali zinakwiyitsa Henry, anadana kwa zaka osiyanasiyana akale, ndipo sanapange ana awo ndayesetsa kudzaza iwo. Opanikizika katundu kuchokera makolo a Henry anapanga ndi khalidwe palokha.

Mu 1905, iye anasiya maphunziro ndi bambo ake ndipo anapita kwa Berlin, kumene anatenga maphunziro wotchuka Wolemba, kondakitala ndi walimba L. Godowsky. Mu Berlin Neuhaus amalankhulira ndi oimba kwambiri: Rubinstein, M. Zador, A. Shelyuto. Patapita kanthawi iye akupita ku situdiyo P. Juon, ndiye umabwerera kwa Godovsky. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Henry zikuchitika pa nthawi yaitali osatetezeka mtheradi. Nasiya zikuchokera ndipo akusankha kuganizira luso kuchita. Popeza 1912, Neuhaus chinkhoswe mu ambuye sukulu Godowsky pa Vienna Academy of Music ndi luso Kwambiri, amene anamaliza patatha zaka ziwiri. Koma panali dipuloma Russian ankafunika mu Russia kuti athe kugwira ntchito koma usilikali. Mu 1915, Neuhaus ndi mayeso kunja pa St. Petersburg Conservatory ndipo analandira dipuloma ya "wojambula ufulu".

Njira siteji

Tsoka la Henry anali zosachita Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti kuti apeze njira yawo moyo, kuchoka music, iye sakanatha kuthawa. Ndipotu, monga mwana Genrih Neygauz amapereka makonsatiwo choyamba. Choncho, pa zaka 9, anachita kutsogolo kwa omvera ndi impromptu Waltz ndi Chopin, anaphunzira motsogoleredwa ndi bambo ake. Ndili ndi zaka 14 iye anali kale kusewera preludes Chopin ndi "Zongoganizira Kalavani" ndi Schumann. Mu 1903, iye ndi mlongo wake anapita ku Warsaw, pamene iye anatenga maphunziro ku A. Michalowski kenako akupanga ulendo ka Germany, imene Henry amachita ntchito ndi Chopin ndi Strauss. Mu umodzi wa zoimbaimba izi kutenga mbali yekha R. Strauss, anachititsa ntchito nyimbo zawo. Iye wofunika kwambiri unsembe wa ntchito ndi luso Neuhaus.

ntchito

Kuyambira mu 1919, Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich amakhala ku Kiev ndipo amapereka nambala yaikulu zoimbaimba ndi pulogalamu yowala zosiyanasiyana, zimene zinali zotheka kumva nyimbo za Prokofiev, Chopin, Bach, Szymanowski. Mu 1922 anasamukira ku Moscow, ndi anai amachita nawo. Beethoven amapereka chionetsero ambiri. zisudzo wake pa m'nthawi nthawi kumbukirani ndi chisangalalo ku unsembe zachilendo kuphedwa. Akatswiri amanena kuti mbali ya zochita kalembedwe wake anagwirizana ndi osakaniza wapadera miyambo German, Russian ndi Viennese. Komanso, ntchito yake inasintha khalidwe lake, iye si chomwecho, zambiri yodziwika ndi unevenness kwambiri luso ntchito, koma iye anali kuchita chilungamo mwamtheradi, nthawi iliyonse anakhala music, osati mwaukadaulo kuisewera iyo.

Mu 1933, Neuhaus anasamukira diphtheria, omwe udali mu polyneuritis kwambiri, amene anamenyera pafupifupi chaka, koma zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a tsankho paresis wa dzanja lamanja anakhalabe mpaka kalekale. Omvetsera sanathe n'komwe kuti wanzeru wojambula osewerera mwa ululu. Iye anapitiriza kuti kukaimba mpaka 1960, nthawi iliyonse kutsogolera anthu omvetsera ku Mikwatulo.

Repertoire ndi cholowa

Henry Gustavovich Neuhaus - limba wa atumwi 20, amene amakhala ndi kalembedwe wapadera kusewera ndi khalidwe omveka. repertoire ake anali kwambiri ntchito Chopin, ndi wolemba anali kwambiri kukumbukira anali zogwirizana. Ngakhale, zoimbaimba wake woyamba ana, iye adali wa nyimbo za wolemba izi Polish. Kenako, mu moyo wake, iye anatembenukira kwa Chopin, anapanga mabaibulo ena ambiri mwa m'ndandanda wa ntchito zake. Koma kuwonjezera, Genrih Neygauz ankaimba Scriabin, Schumann, Beethoven, Liszt, kusewera ntchito mwa analemba ano. Iye anali woyamba mu Russia anachita 24 Preludes ndi Debussy mu konsati wina.

Komanso, zotsatira kulenga Genriha Gustavovicha zikuphatikizapo ntchito yophunzitsa luso limba. M'buku lake "Pa Art wa limba akusewera", zolemba zake ndi makalata akhala chopereka kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha chiphunzitso nyimbo ndi kuchita.

Anasiya Neuhaus kunathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso kuchita mu Russia ndi ku dziko, ndipo, ndithudi, kujambula kuimba wake ndi gwero kusangalala onse okonda limba luso, makamaka mafani Chopin.

ntchito yophunzitsa

Heinrich Neuhaus Gustavovich, zithunzi za ophunzira amene Tingaone pa zithunzi za bwino konsati maholo mu dziko, pafupifupi zaka 50 za moyo wake ndi chiphunzitso. ntchito yake yophunzitsa anayamba mu Tbilisi mu 1916, pamene iye anaitanidwa ndi mkulu wa Imperial Russian zoyimbira Society Nikolaev. Ana pakhala ofooka ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri si kupulumutsa ntchito, koma analola kuti tiyambe kupanga njira zawo kuphunzitsa. Kuyambira mu 1919 Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich - mphunzitsi wa Kyiv Conservatory komwe anakagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi F. Blumenfeld. Mu 1922, mkulu wa aphunzitsi AN Lunacharskogo kunditumiza ku Moscow. Neuhaus anakhala katswiri pa Moscow Conservatory, ndipo ntchito mu ofesi zaka 42. Only pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World Iye amapanga yopuma yaing'ono kuchokera ku kuphunzitsa, kuchokera mu 1942 mpaka 1944, iye anasamutsidwa kuti Urals, kumene iye anali ndi yogwira konsati ndandanda.

Popeza 1932, ophunzira Neuhaus Yambani mokweza ikunena yokha pa nyimbo Mpikisano wa osiyana misinkhu. Aliyense wa "mphaka" wake Iye anaika moyo, zikubweretsa kutopa ndi palokha, ndi wophunzira, zikuoneka kuti zagwira maphunziro bambo ana ali. Heinrich Neuhaus ndi woyambitsa wa amphamvu kwambiri Moscow limba sukulu amene amishonalewo otchuka asangalatsi: S. Richter, V. kwambiri, Emil Gilels, S. Neuhaus, Alexander Lyubimov, J. Zak, B. Gornostaeva, Nasedkin. Akamanena za njira zake zophunzitsira anali kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pa mawonekedwe, adaphunzitsa ojambula zithunzi kudutsa akamanena za ntchito, kukhala ndi moyo, m'malo kumenyera njira ya.

Henry Gustavovich zinachoka waukulu ongolankhula, pedagogical cholowa iye ankakonda analemba nkhani magazini apadera, zolemba akatswiri tsikulo ndi mawunikidwe. A wambirimbiri nthawi Yoswa ntchito pa mpikisano zosiyanasiyana, kuthandiza kuzindikira talente. ophunzira ake anatha muzilemba maphunziro angapo amisiri amene lero ndi zitsanzo za ntchito njira yapadera kuphunzitsa.

moyo

Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich, moyo unali zachilendo ndi chidwi, anakwatiwa katatu komanso. Mkazi woyamba wa limba anakhala wophunzira wake pa Kiev Conservatory - Zinaida Eremeeva. Zinaida Neuhaus anabereka ana woimba awiri Adrian ndi Stanislaus. Ndi m'nthawi yovuta anali thandizo ndi thandizo la mwamuna wake, anapatsa mphamvu zawo zonse kuonetsetsa chitonthozo. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti Henry anasintha ndi chikondi chake choyamba Militsey Borodkinoy, amene anabereka kunja kwa chikwati wamkazi. Zimenezi zachititsa chisokoneze ukwati Neuhaus. Zinaida kuchokera Henry mnzake Boris Pasternak. Limba idagonjetsedwa, koma ankatha kupeza mphamvu ndi anapitiriza ubwenzi ndi ndakatulo, ndi mkazi wake woyamba. Pali makalata ambiri amene akulengeza chikondi chake kwa iye.

Neuhaus anakhala wachiwiri mkazi Milica, iye anayenda ndi Iye mwa zovuta zaka. Mu 1933, Henry Gustavovich kudwala ndipo akulimbana ndi zotsatira za matenda onse a moyo, Milica naye nthawi yaitali iyi mwakhama anathandiza. 1937 chidali chovuta kwambiri kwa Neuhaus, mmodzi makolo ena kufa, pakubwera tsokali lowopsya - akamwalira, mwana wake woyamba, Adrian. Pita kudutsa zovuta ndi walimba thandizo ntchito chilengedwe. Mu 1941, Neuhaus akuimbidwa mlandu wa zinthu odana Soviet komanso akakhale ali ku ukapolo, mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi kukhala mu Moscow, koma mowirikiza akukangana ndi anzake kuti likuchita. Patatha zaka 3 zotsatira, koma mu ukapolo, anasiya pafupifupi onse mano, thanzi kwambiri kuchichepetsa. Pambuyo Milica imfa mu 1962. Neuhaus kukwatira Silvii Ayhinger, amene ndi bwino nthawi yayitali.

Anafa woimba Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich October 10, 1964, anaikidwa mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.

mzera

Today mafumu Neuhaus ndi chitsanzo osowa luntha banja, opatsirana ku mibadwomibadwo. Gustav Neuhaus anakhala tate wa mafumu a. mwana Henry yaikulu kwambiri zikomo ulemerero banja zochita ndi kuphunzitsa ntchito yake. mwana wake nayenso anakhala limba Stanislav. Iwo kusiyana ndi softness mtima komanso wosangalatsa kupirira banja ntchito. Kachitidwe kake ka ntchito chifukwa cha thinnest mtima music, wokhutira. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa oimira yowala kwambiri limba sukulu ya bambo ake, omwe ophatikizidwa ankaphunzitsa ntchito. Heinrich ndi Stanislav Neuhaus anali asangalatsi kwambiri mu dziko la Chopin.

Stanislav anali ndi ana awiri: mwana Marina, ndi mwana Henry. Stanislav Neuhaus, ngati bambo ake, adaphunzitsa pianistic luso ndi zambiri mtima kuika mu mwana wake. Genrih Neygauz Jr. anakhala m'malo mafumu, iye anakulira lalikulu mbuye limba music, monga ntchito zambiri monga wotsutsa nyimbo.

umunthu Neuhaus

Genrih Neygauz, amene yonena yogwirizana ndi nyimbo, anali Komanso munthu erudition kwambiri. Iye anali kugwirizana ndi ankathandiza ojambula zithunzi zimenezi, ngati Boris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Asmus N. Vil'mont, R. Falk, ndi oimba ambiri apadera a nthawi yathu. Henry Gustavovich anasangalala kwambiri munthu chododometsa akhacita pa mtundu wina wa ochita ntchito, kukwaniritsa ungwiro. Mwiniwake, pokhala wochenjera kwambiri, iye mwamphamvu chinachititsa kuti ophunzira awo, omwe amakhazikitsa anzanu m'malo pophunzitsa ena. Neuhaus zambiri introspective kwambiri munthu, nthawi zina kwa masiku angapo sakanakhoza kunena mawu. Izi si kumulepheretsa kusangalala kulankhula ndi anthu, koma iye anali wokhoza kuthera nthawi yake mozungulira.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich, chidwi zokhudza moyo umene ali makamaka okhudzana ndi nyimbo, wotchuka chifukwa chokwaniritsa ntchito zonse Chopin, ena a iwo mu Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana.

Neuhaus ali wa achepetse osowa nyimbo, pamene luso mlingo wa oimira mibadwo yosiyana ndi pafupifupi pa mlingo zonse mkulu. Genrihu Neygauzu odzipereka ndakatulo awo Pasternak ndi Osip Mandelstam, amene kwambiri ankathandiza.

Pa maphunziro ake a nyimbo Neuhaus sanavomereze kukhalapo munthu pafupi. nthawi zambiri anali nawo dziko acimuuza kuti pa nthawi iyi mu nyumba kanthu. Ndipo iye ankakonda kuthana ndi usiku, monga izo zinali ndi kadzidzi.