German Wolemba Richard Strauss: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Richard Strauss - wolemba, amene masewero a ndi ndakatulo nyimbo anagonjetsa vumbulutso maganizo. Expressionism (akuti) za ntchito zake ndi pachimake anachita kwa anthu a nthawi.

Richard Strauss. Wambiri ya Wolemba ndi

Richard dziko kulibenso. Mu 1864, Munich unali mzinda palokha wa Ufumu wa Bavaria, kenako anagwirizana mayiko German. June 11 pa banja bwalo woimba Franz Strauss mwana. Bambo anga ankagwira ntchito sewero la French nyanga (mphepo chida, zingaoneke chokhala ndi chitoliro helical). Iye anali mphunzitsi wa nyimbo za Richard. Makalasi zaperekedwa onse chimwemwe chenicheni, izi zachititsa chakuti akale mwamsanga 6 zaka mnyamata katswiri kalembedwe nyimbo ndi chida. Komanso, kudziletsa ankalemba sewero la woyamba ndipo anasiya kulemba mpaka imfa yake.

bambo Science mnyamata anaoneka kwambiri ndiwofatsa, iye anali kufunafuna mawu nyimbo. Mu 1874, Richard Strauss koyamba ntchito za Wagner wake umasinthasintha kugonjetsa kalembedwe ndi maganizo a opera. Koma Atate akukhulupirira ndi mtima wonse ntchito izi nyimbo ya kalasi m'munsi ndi amaletsa ngakhale mwana wake kuwamvetsera. Only kufika akula, Richard amayamba kuphunzira kwakuya kwa zigoli "Tristan ndi Isolde". Padakali pano, amapezeka rehearsals Court Orchestra ndipo amalandira maphunziro a orchestration ndi chiphunzitso.

kalembedwe Wolemba

Music Strauss - mufufuze kalembedwe wake wotchuka kuti zinachokera ku Richard zaka zingapo. Mu 1882 analowa Institute of Philosophy ndi History ku Munich, koma masamba pambuyo maphunziro chaka. Koma anali adakomana ndi Max Schillings. Anyamata awiri ndi abwenzi wabwino kuti Strauss zophweka kudzudzula ena kuchita ntchito ankakonda kwambiri. Chifukwa ichi, Germany afika wochititsa wanzeru ndi kupeka chuma ed, komanso mphunzitsi ndi "Mona Lisa" sewero la chithunzi.

Richard Strauss yekha anatumizidwa ku Berlin. Pali afika malo kondakitala ndipo anapitirizabe kulemba nyimbo kalembedwe ndiwofatsa wa atate wake. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi wake "Horn Concerto №1». Pambuyo 1883 achinyamata Strauss anakumana ndi Aleksandrom Ritterom. A wachibale wa Wagner anditsutsa mnyamata amene nyimbo zake oona kukhala kubwereza wina wa kuti ndakatulo symphonic - izi ndi njira yoyenera Wolemba lapansi. Kuyambira pamenepa izo ndithudi kukhala kuwala ndi kalembedwe wowala wa Strauss.

moyo

Great chikoka pa tsoka ndi ntchito za Richard Strauss anali ukwati wake okondwa Pauline de A Ana Maria. Ankasonkhana 1887 ku Munich. Paulina anayamba za zisudzo ake payekha woimba natenga maphunziro ku Wolemba lapansi. Monga protégé anam'tsatira Weimar. Wanzeru kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 1890, mu 1894 pogwiritsa ntchito mu sewero la mphunzitsi wake "Guntram." Young ukwati zinachitika pa September 10 m'tauni ya Marquartstein.

Wopulupudza khalidwe la mkazi wamng'ono Richter anapirira stoically, kulungamitsa makhalidwe ake makhalidwe luso. Malinga ndi mawu ena amene yatsikira kwa masiku athu, pambuyo ndewu kupanikizidwa ndi Pauline iye anapita ndi ntchito yapadera imasonkhezera kudzoza. Indedi, anali pa banja lake Richard Strauss analemba ntchito zake zabwino. Kwa mkazi wake iye analemba nyimbo angapo, kenako kuphedwa kwa kutchuka woimba wa chawonjezeka.

Wosangalala awiri chikondi inatha chifukwa cha cholakwa kupusa. Tsiku lina mkazi wanga anaperekedwa cholemba kwa mwamuna wake, pamene iye anabwera Germany, ndi mkazi osadziwika. Tsiku lotsatira, Pauline akadandaule kusudzulana. Kunyumba, Richard anayesetsa kufotokoza Ammayi maganizo, kuti sanachite chilichonse, koma iye sanamvere kwa iye. Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake wolemba anali kukopeka Mkazi wakale wake, osati kulemba nyimbo iyo, ndi wina aliyense sanali nawo.

zilandiridwenso Strauss

Wolemba Richard Strauss ndinkayesetsa kugonjera "mikuntho ndale" mu dziko, koma ngati mlengi woona odzipereka maganizo a anthu awo. Iye anakhala zaka zoposa 80 ndipo anapeza atatu boma osiyana boma. Wapadera Wolemba za - mu ntchito zodabwitsa. Lembani nyimbo, iye akanakhoza nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse, popanda kulenga "stagnation" kapena mavuto. ntchito yake yoyamba, "Guntram", olengedwa mwa 1893 - ndi sewero nyimbo, classically anamanga mayeso oyamba pa wowerenga lapansi.

Komanso ntchito wolemba ali zosiyanasiyana zimenezi Mitundu kuti chimaoneka pa ntchito ya olemba osiyana. "Kuyambira Italy" (1886, Richard Strauss) - ndakatulo symphonic, olembedwa munamva kuyenda. Pa 21, wolemba wamng'ono anapita dziko chikondi kwa mwezi ndi zina zonse maganizo zosangalatsa kuti kuwaponya pa pepala nyimbo. Kum'patsa osokoneza maganizo kwa nthetemya, koma Wolemba kuyamba kulankhula ndi kukumbukira dzina lake.

"Don Juan" (1889)

Mu zaka 25 Straus kufika luso okhwima ndi Umapeza dziko zoimbira za wamphamvu ameneyu, chakuya ndakatulo. Pali anakopeka ndi Italy ndi dzuwa, ndi kugwa m'chikondi ndi mwana wake de A Ana. Ndakatulo laperekedwa kwa Ludwig Tuyll, amene anaphunzira Munich. The kuyamba zinachitika pa November 11, anali opanda cholakwa ndi pikhabuluka.

"Don Giovanni" - nkhani nyimbo za okonda wothawa. Mutu kusesa violin, wofunitsitsa zosangalatsa, unachitika mu yosangalatsa oyamba, ngati makombola. Mabelu ndi zeze nkhani za matsenga chikondi kwa mkazi. zolemba Low Wharton ndi clarinet kulankhula wofatsa kunong'ona ndi kulira mochenjera violin. Mabelu mwa chitoliro wodzazidwa ndi mzimu zosangalatsa wosatha. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa sewerolo - tremolo violin ndi kukondanso wabwinja yekha.

"Macbeth" (1888-1890 gg.)

Pambuyo "Don Juan" analemba Richard Strauss sewero la "Macbeth". nthetemya iyi sanapange ndi furore kwambiri ndipo ankaona otsutsa supersaturated. bambo wa Wolemba amapereka mankhwala ndi ziyenera lakuthwa, zopempha kusintha zinthu m'makalata ake. Malinga ndi iye, lingaliro si zoipa, koma m'pofunika kuthamangitsa lotayirira zonse zoimbidwa. Iwo kumathandiza wowerenga kumvetsa kugwira a wolemba ndi kumva zomwe anali kunena.

Komabe, anthu ambiri zimawavuta pafupi maganizo boma wake wa mumtima. Chinyezimiro cha Shakespeare, matsoka ndi kusindikiza upandu - mfundo zotheka adzakhala anatsindika. Ntchito imeneyi ndi za careerism ndi kukonda kwambiri chuma anthu amene lekani ngakhale pamaso upandu.

"Imfa ndi Chiwalitsiro" (1888-1889 gg.)

Izi za zisudzo ndi Richard Strauss - wochenjera amaonera malamulo a dziko ndi anthu ofooka. Kwalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa dongosolo boma ndi kulingaliranso kuopa anthu masiku ano kusintha ndiponso nkhawa za m'tsogolo. Lingaliro la umphawi ndi imfa ndakatulo ndi Richard chidwi ndi intellectuality ake.

Polingana ndi zina woyambitsa nthetemya iyi amasewera mu mphamvu, fanizo kuwasangalatsa. Koma ngati ntchito osiyana ali ndi kwambiri chidwi opera. Cholinga cha kusowa kwa salimbikitsidwa mwauzimu kwa mosalephera ndi lowopsya kumapeto kwa munthu amene amayamikira kukhalako kwake.

"Panyengo pranks" (1895)

"Kupita Kokasangalala zidule Mpaka Eulenspiegel" Strauss zoyenera bwenzi lake Arthur Seidl. Iwo anaphunzira pa yunivesite chomwecho mu Munich ndipo anavomera chilengedwe cha Wagner Chikondi. Seidl pa nthawi ina ankaona katswiri pa ntchito ndi yonena za Wolemba amene moyo wake wonse anatsanzira Richard. Kenako, Arthur ntchito monga mkonzi wa German nyuzipepala chapakati ndi C. Klatte analemba bukhu za mnzake. "The ndondomeko khalidwe" ndi mbiri woyamba ndi kusanthula ntchito nyimbo ndi Richard Strauss.

Ndakatulo anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu zake Cologne, izo anatumikira Herzen Orchestra, wochitidwa ndi F. Vyultern. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ndi mphindi 15 zokha, koma otsutsa kuti ndi pamwamba pa ndalama ya wolemba. Tibwereze wake wa M. Kennedy limachitcha "S zoseketsa." The kusewera imakhala nkhani 27, amene anaika ntchito pa nkhani za Zopatsa wa lodziwika bwino ngwazi Eulenspiegel chibadwire imfa.

"Choncho Analankhula Zarathustra" (1896)

Polenga ndakatulo iyi kachiwiri anapezeka Oimba ena Artur Zaydl. Ndi chikhalidwe cha zochita zake, iye kwa chaka cha 1898 ndi 1999 ntchito ku Nietzsche Archive. Zinali Iye anapatsa Richard "Choncho adayankhula Zarathustra" buku ndi woganiza wotchuka. Strauss analemba pansi ndi kuona kuwerenga waukulu symphonic ndakatulo. 9 zidutswa ndi mayina a m'bukuli ndi. wolemba yekha azichititsa ntchito yoyamba Frankfurt.

Otsutsa ankasangalala ndi showpiece wa Romanticism German, imene mtundu wa "wotopetsa" akugwira ntchito ndi despotism misala. Music kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Masiku ano ndi cinematography. Mwachitsanzo, chotetezera zenera pulogalamu "n'chiyani? Kodi? Pamene? "Ndipo mu filimu" Space Odyssey ". Motsogoleredwa ndi S. Kubrick anatenga makombo a nthetemya "Pakuti Analankhula Zarathustra" (Strauss) kwa kuzipeleka kwa wapadzadziko chilengedwe.

"Salome" (1905)

Drama Richard linalembedwa pa mankhwala a Oscar Wilde, amene wolemba walemba kuti tipitirize Bernar. kuyamba The zinali zodzaza ndi amenewa manyazi mu Berlin kuti angathe kumwedwa monga bwino kochuruka kwa sewerolo. Erotica ndi tcheru, maganizo East, chiwerewere Salome mosiyana ndi chiyero cha Baptist - ndicho mantha fanizo izi Wolemba ngati Richard Strauss. "Salome" linalembedwa ndi zaka theka. Mu kugwira ntchito, makalata khalidwe la protagonist lapansi. M'malo lathyathyathya ndi mwachindunji chilombo ataphimbidwa ndi chilakolako nyama anaonekera osalimba mtsikana chimafuna kumulakalaka zomvetsa chisoni.

The Oyeretsa German za zisudzo wachititsa ndemanga wosanganiza ofufuza. Ngakhale oimba anakana kuchita mbali mu sewero, ukuitanira n'kulakwa. The Ammayi woyamba amene anapatsidwa udindo wa Salome, Richard anati mokwiya: "Ine ndine mkazi wamakhalidwe!". Komabe, izi woimba M. Wittich anatenga ufulu wa kulankhula choyamba.

"Alpine" (1915)

Last symphonic ndakatulo ya wolemba German. Ngakhale unyamata wake oyambirira Richard nkhawa lingaliro la kulenga nyimbo zimenezi zikumveka ngati kukwera mapiri. katatu anayamba ntchito, koma nthawi iliyonse mapepala nyimbo anatumizidwa chakuti akasonkhe moto. Only mu 1914, "Frau ohne Schatten" pambuyo opera, wolemba kamodzinso anatengedwa chitukuko cha mfundo imeneyi.

The kuyamba zinachitika pa February 18 pa Berlin, wochitidwa ndi wolemba. "An Alpine Symphony" - chimodzi cha zinthu wotchuka kwambiri nthawi yathu. Pulogalamu music, wosweka mkati tanthauzo la zidutswa 22. Otsiriza losaiwalika zoimbaimba za Richard kuiganizila ndi ndakatulo imeneyi ndi Bavarian State Orchestra mu 1941.

wolemba nyimbo

Pa moyo wake wolemba walemba nyimbo zambiri kwa woimba amene anaimba mkazi amakonda. Iwo analenga "Zinayi Last Songs" mu 1948. Mu konsati, ntchito ili anaimba akamaliza lapansi. Richard Strauss, amene nyimbo zonse atadzazidwa ndi ludzu la moyo ndi zabwino, mu nkhani yomaliza analemba za kutopa komanso chiyembekezo cha imfa. Kudikira mapeto zikumveka zosavuta, wotetezeka kwa umunthu, nakhala moyo wokangalika.

"Mu kuwala madzulo" - nyimbo yoyamba limanena za mtendere wa mumtima, olembedwa m'mavesi J. Eichendorff. Kenako panabwera "Spring" ndi "anagona tulo." Final "September" - ndi malowedwe chodabwitsa autumnal maganizo ndi mvula kuwala. ntchito zimenezi pa ndakatulo ndi Hermann Hesse. Onse nyimbo - osakaniza wapadera nyimbo ndi malemba. M'mlengalenga ndi kalembedwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti kutsutsa, kuzindikira angapo nyimbo lotha ngakhale mu '48, ndipo tsopano amaziona ngati wamphamvu cholengedwa wolemba.

Author ndi wochititsa

Kuwonjezera masewero a awa symphonic, Richard analemba "M'banja Symphony" ndi "Don Quixote", "Moyo ndi ziphona" ndi Maapatimenti "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme", komanso ntchito zina zingapo bwino ndipo si-choncho. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito za Strauss - wochititsa nyimbo ndi ntchito ya Oimba ena. repertoire wake - sewero la izi ndi nthetemya olemba zaka 18-20.

Richard Strauss - otsiriza chikondi nthawi yake - ali yodziwika ntchito yake ndi nthabwala ndi kuphweka:

"Mwina ine sindine woyamba kalasi Wolemba, koma ine - koyamba kalasi wachiwiri mlingo Wolemba".