Ndi Red Book ndi chiyani? Kodi lipindulitsa pa iko zimbalangondo?

Man ndi mbali ya chilengedwe, koma pa zifukwa zina kawirikawiri kuiwalika. Nthawi zambiri, chilengedwe akuvutika anthu osatekeseka. mabungwe ambiri padziko lonse, kuli zomwe sitiganiza n'komwe kuganiza, kuyesera kutetezera anthu, zodabwitsa, kwa iyemwini.

Kodi IUCN kuchita bungwe

chiwerengero cha makampani zachilengedwe monga Union Mayiko kwa Conservation ya Nature, IUCN chidule. Iye analenga ndi UNESCO okwanira mu 1948 ndipo mmodzi wa waukulu sanali phindu lonse ndi bungwe palokha. Mwa mabuku ambiri osindikizidwa ndi Union - Red Book. Inde, inde, yemweyo, kuli zimene tikuphunzira pa sukulu, ndipo kenako - kuiwala. la International Red Book ndi chiyani? Si lamulo, alibe udindo uliwonse malamulo, chabe amanyamula umboni kwa m'mayiko amene pali kuopseza zinyama. Policy chikalata cha IUCN, amene anakhala nduna ya 1979, ndi "World Conservation Njira". IUCN - Bungwe wamkulu, izo wapangidwa ndi 78 States ndipo mwa zina, 12,000 asayansi ndi akatswiri ochokera padziko lonse. The padziko lonse Red Book aikidwa mndandanda wa mitundu yonse kawirikawiri ndi ochepa a nyama ndi zomera.

Ankatha kuonana ndi mlingo wokweretsa lonse, Nature Conservation Union ndi wokonzeka kugwirizana ndi chipani, bungwe kapena gulu la anthu ongodzipereka, amene ntchito monga kusunga ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Cholinga cha IUCN - monga efficiently ngati n'kotheka ndi angakwanitse zambiri kubweretsa malingaliro awo lapansi ndipo zotsatira zake, kusintha dongosolo la chitetezo chikhalidwe, kaya ndale ndi kusiyana chikhalidwe.

Kodi Red Book

Ganizo kwa buku, amene adzasonkhanitsidwa onse zatsala pang'ono kutha nyama ndi zomera nthawi yaitali, kotero mwamsanga popangidwa ndi IUCN, pa mitundu osowa wa zachilengedwe, Commission wayamba kukhala buku lino. Tcheyamani Peter Scott ntchito zoperekedwa kwa amamutcha iye "Red" ndi chivundikiro kuti mtundu umodzi - chizindikiro chikhalidwe ndi kuopsezedwa kutha. Kwa mtundu ndi mutu wa buku lakuti anthu kuganiza za maganizo olakwika kwa chilengedwe, kwe woipitsitsawu.

ndi Red Book ndi chiyani? Nyaze kusunga m'dzikoli, Union Mayiko kwa Conservation ya Nature mu 1963 anafalitsa Red Book, omwe anasonkhana mitundu kwambiri sichipezeka ya zinyama. Edition kunapezeka ndithu voluminous - mu mabuku awiri, koma kufalitsidwa anali ochepa, ndipo eni makope loyamba anakhala yekha ena mayiko ndi asayansi otchuka.

Pang'onopang'ono panali kusintha mu chikhalidwe ... The Red Bukhu tinalisindikizanso kanayi (pamaso 1980). Panthawi imeneyi mosasintha wapita mitundu 14 ya nyama, mbalame, nyama zokwawa, nsomba ndi achule. Ngati mitundu ina ndi subspecies nyama, mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa abwezeretsedwa, nsomba ndi achule ndi sizinatheke.

Mtundu ndi kanali

Tanthawuzo la "zimene Red Book" mungazipeze insaikulopediya kapena dictionary. Bukuli ndi zachilendo chifukwa chakuti masamba ake ali mumtundu, malingana ndi gulu alembedwa pa pepala makamaka a nyama kapena subspecies a nyama ndi zomera. Pakuti mayiko a mitundu yonse anasiyanitsidwa ndi amadziŵika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Black mtundu:

• EKS - zinatha;
• Pangano - akadali zisungidwe, koma moyo mwa ukapolo.

2. Red - alonjezedwa ikutha:

• Kr - malo ovuta;
• EN - atamuopseza kutha;
• VU - osatetezeka kwambiri.

3. A wobiriwira - otsika chiopsezo:

• CD - akhoza kutha popanda kupereka zofunikira miyeso chitetezo
• NT - kale pafupi ndi gulu "pangozi";
• LC - chiopsezo ndi apo, koma osachepera.

Kodi Red Book of Russia

Baibulo loyambirira la "Red Book USSR" Ming'oma 1978 .. Kenako anayamba kufalitsa Red Data Books wa mayiko a Union, nadzawasankhula m'madera ambiri wobvutika ndi malo.

zimakhudza anthu pa chikhalidwe m'madera ambiri a Russia kunapezeka kuti ngati kuti mitundu ina ya nyama ndi zomera sanali chinthu zochepa - iwo kwathunthu mbisoweka ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi. maulendo - mwachitsanzo, nyama kamodzi lalikulu ankakhala m'dera la Russia. anthu amenewa, ngati njati anali kukula kwamphamvu, kutalika awo pa zinafota anafika mamita awiri. Mwachibadwa, ali aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino nyama ya alenje. chiwerengero cha zipolopolo mofulumira kwambiri moti anakana akuluakulu a Tsarist Russia zinkamveka alamu, ndipo inaika lamulo pa chitetezo cha nyama zimenezi ndi kuletsa malo kusaka mu kalonga. Koma sizinathandize, ndi maulendo anali atapita.

Tsoka chomwecho anachitika wachibale wa Przewalski kavalo - tarpan. Anakhala steppe ndi nkhalango steppe Russia, koma atsamunda anayamba kulima dziko, wosasiya mwayi wopulumuka Tarpanam. Ngati palibe otetezedwa "Bialowieza Forest" unakhazikitsidwa, ndi njati kuti akumana ndi tsoka chomwecho. List nyama zinatha mu Russia akupitiriza kukula, mwatsoka. Ndipo tsopano, 22 mitundu ndi pa anangotsala pang'ono kutha, 25 mitundu ya mbalame, wina chokwawa, mitundu itatu ya nsomba, 16 invertebrates, ndi za zana zomera.

Pamaziko a Chilamulo Federal "Pa Protection Environmental" (1991) ndi "pa Wildlife" (1995) inasindikizidwa mu 2001. "The Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia. Nyama"

Tsopano Red Book of Russia ndi chikalata boma mitundu zayamba nyama ndi zomera, zomwe 533 ali pafupi kutha.

Kodi Red Book of Chipinda

Woyamba Mabaibulo asanu Red Book amadzipereka okha zatsala pang'ono kutha komanso yosowa za nyama, ndi kuyambira 1963 linasindikizidwa Red Book zomera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo tanthawuzo la "zimene Red Book", kusintha mzere kumene otchulidwa pa mndandanda wa rarest osati nyama, komanso zomera

Number akufa zomera zikuchulukirachulukira Pa mlingo kuti lero mu Red Book ngakhale zamoyo kuti posachedwapa anakula kulikonse m'madera ambiri. Awa akhoza kale m'gulu Galanthus nivalis, cornflower Dubyansky, Corydalis Marshall neri Al.

Red Book siyana ndi chiyani? The analandira kugawikana Russia

1. Category 0. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zamoyo mwa zomera ndi nyama zomwe sizinachitike anawona. Dzina la gulu - "mwina zinatha".

2. Category 1. Izi mitundu afika kukula yovuta, n'zotheka kuwerenga iwo mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Izi nyama pangozi (mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi Siberia kambuku.) Ndipo zomera.

3. Category 2 yafupika chiwerengero. Iwo akhoza nthawi iliyonse kulowa wina siyana awiri oyambirira, ngati mulibe anawaika zone kutetezedwa kuti akathandizidwe okhwima manambala. Woimira gulu ili ndi Chimandarini bakha.

4. lachitatu gulu - mitundu osowa. Iwo amakhala pa malo zochepa ndi mphamvu pang'ono. Posachedwapa, mu mzinda slipper yamunthu sizimandidabwitsa aliyense, ndipo anthu anasonkhana Magulu, kusangalala kukongola zachilendo. Tsopano ndi mitundu osowa.

5. Category 4 alibe udindo. Awa ndi mitundu imene akatswiri kokha; iwo chifukwa cha zomera 10 okha ndi nthumwi 40 zinyama lapansi.

6. Category 5. mitundu ya gulu chabe kukondwera mtima. iwo "kubwezeretsa kapena buluzi" otchedwa. Chifukwa cha khama, mitundu ina kuchotsa kusunga.

7. Category 6. Ndi ochuluka kuposa onse a pamwamba. Iwo ali pansi pa ziyang'aniridwe ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi munthu.

Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe Red Book. Only pozindikira zotsatira za ogula khalidwe lokonda chikhalidwe, tingaphunzire kusangalala, pamene zomera ndi nyama musatisiye dziko lathu, ndi Red Book wa tsamba.