Ndi matchuthi achikunja chiyani?

Tisanayambe kulankhula za zikondwerero zachikunja wa makolo athu, mwina, ndi kuthana ndi maganizo kwambiri "chikunja." Lomveka kutanthauzira mawu amenewa tsopano asayansi kuyesera kupereka. Poyamba anali ankaganiza kuti zikamera ndi maganizo "chikunja" anthu masiku ano ayenera Chipangano Chatsopano. Zomwe mawu Church Chisilavo "iazytsy" zogwirizana ndi mfundo "anthu ena", ndiye chipembedzo chosiyana ndi cha Mkhristu. Olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri a zinenero amene amaphunzira chikhalidwe Asilavo, amakhulupirira kuti tanthauzo zopatulika za mfundo imeneyi chagona pa zaka mawu Asilavo "yazhichestvo" lomwe chinenero chamakono akanati wakewu "uzychestvo", mwachitsanzo ulemu musiyane zimakhalira pachibale, banja ndi magazi. makolo athu anachita ndi mataye sizikakutherani azichitira zokhudzana, chifukwa adadzikweza mbali zonse, choncho ndi wachibale wa mayi Nature ndi mawonetseredwe zake zonse.

dzuwa

Milungu yosiyanasiyana, nayenso, zochokera zachilengedwe, ndi matchuthi achikunja anali mpata ulemu ndi kusonyeza alemekeza mphamvu zimenezi. Ngati anthu ena akale, Asilavo ankapembedza dzuwa, chifukwa cha zounikira zimadalira kwambiri njira ya kupulumuka, kotero zikondwerero zazikulu anathera malo ake kumwamba ndi kusintha chifukwa cha mphatso imeneyi.

zikondwerero zachikunja yozizira

Ancient Asilavo anakhala pa kalendala ya dzuwa, womwe ndi malo a dzuwa wachibale zinthu zina zakuthambo. Chaka kuchita masamu osati chiwerengero cha masiku, ndipo pa zochitika anayi akuluakulu zakuthambo kugwirizana ndi Sun: yozizira, ndi March vernal, chilimwe yozizira autumnal March. Choncho, waukulu miyambo yachikunja unali olumikizidwa ndi kusintha zachilengedwe zomwe zimachitika chaka zakuthambo.

Waukulu Asilavo maholide

Ancient Asilavo anayamba chaka chatsopano ndi March vernal. Izi chikondwerero chachikulu kugonjetsa yozizira dzina lake anali Komoeditsa. Chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa chilimwe yozizira ankatchedwa Tsiku Kupayly. The March autumnal kukondwerera holide Veresen. Chikondwerero chachikulu mu dzinja anali yozizira - wachikunja tchuthi Kolyada. Waukulu anayi tchuthi cha makolo athu anali odzipereka kwa Sun umunthu, kuti chingasinthe malingana ndi nthawi ya chaka zakuthambo. Deifying kuwala ndi kupereka makhalidwe anthu, Asilavo ankakhulupirira kuti Sun zimasiyanasiyana chaka chonse, monga munthu pa moyo wake. Komabe, mosiyana ndi yamasika, mulungu wa akufa usiku woti tsiku yozizira, mmawa adzawuka kachiwiri.

Kolyada, kapena Khirisimasi, yozizira

Chiyambi cha zakuthambo yozizira, akulu achikunja chikondwerero yozizira wodzipereka ku chitsitsimutso cha Sun, amene amadziŵika ndi mwana wobadwa mbandakucha wa tsiku yozizira (December 21). Kukondwerera inatenga masabata awiri ndipo anayamba Khirisimasi kwambiri litalowa pa December 19. Khirisimasi Sun anasonkhana onse achibale, amatsenga chimoto panja kuopsyezera kutali mizimu yoipa komanso yakuti njira kusonkhanitsa pa alendo chikondwerero phwando. Madzulo a kubadwa kwa alikukonzeka watsopano mphamvu zoipa za dzuwa zingakhale kalikiliki chifukwa pakati pa imfa ya okalamba ndi kubadwa kwa Dzuwa Svetovita latsopano Kolyada kunali usiku zamatsenga za stagnation. Iye akhapidziwa kuti amenyane mphamvu otherworldly makolo athu, anasonkhana kwa zosangalatsa.

usiku, Asilavo adasonkha chimoto panja mwambo kuthandiza dzuwa abadwe. Kutsukidwa mokhala ndi kumbuyo, ndasambitsa ndipo anabweretsa anadzitsekera. Ndipo moto anatentha onse akale ndi zosafunika yophiphiritsira kwenikweni ndiyotani pakuchotsa kuwawa kwa zapitazi, kukumana m'mawa nakhalanso kuyeretsedwa ndi kukonzedwanso. Komabe ofooka kwambiri yozizira dzuwa wotchedwa Kolyada (Pet ndilochokera ku Kolo, mwachitsanzo bwalo) ndipo tinali osangalala kuti tsiku lililonse likadutsa izo chidzakula, ndipo tsiku adzayamba kuonjezera. Mapwando anapitiriza kalendala yathu mpaka dzuŵa pa January 1.

Magic usiku wa pa Khirisimasi

Kwambiri lowoneka ndi zamatsenga Asilavo wakale, komanso anthu amakono, ankaona akhumi usiku wa pa Khirisimasi (December 31 January 1) ndi chikondwerero zobisika ake zoseketsa, nyimbo ndi kuvina. Iwo anapulumuka masiku ano, osati miyambo ndi zosangalatsa usiku, komanso zina zambiri. Modern rebyatnya mosangalala kuyembekezera Mulungu wachikunja wa Santa Claus, pamene Asilavo unali kudzandichezera, pofuna kusangalatsa ndi kuteteza kotero mbewu zawo kuzizira. Kukonzekera maholide Chaka Chatsopano, anthu lero kukongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ndi magetsi pa chitseko ananamizira Khirisimasi nkhata, ndi gome lokoma zambiri kugona makeke sitolo ndi mikate mu mawonekedwe a mitengo, molimba kukhulupirira kuti mwambo uwu Khirisimasi Mkhristu. Ndipotu, pafupifupi onse zikhumbo anaitenga ku Khirisimasi zachikunja. M'nyengo yozizira komanso zapita matchuthi achikunja - Khirisimasi nthawi ndi Kolyadnye Ulemu akazi. Iwo anali limodzi ndi nyimbo, kuvina, maphwando ndi Khirisimasi kuwombeza. Kwa mapwando anthu kutamanda dzuwa wamng'ono ngati chizindikiro cha nagonjetsa kwambiri ndi moyo watsopano.

Komoeditsa

Vernal March Tsiku (March 20-21) chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa chiyambi cha chaka chatsopano, msonkhano wa kasupe ndi kugonjetsa yozizira. Ndi kalendala mpingo, lomwe pano Carnival chasinthidwa mkubwela kwa Chikhristu ndi kukakhala nthawi kumayambiliro a chaka. Komoeditsa chikondwerero chachikunja kuwayamikira chifukwa masabata awiri, ina March vernal, ndi pambuyo pake. Pa nthawi iyi, Asilavo chikondwerero ali wamphamvu ndipo ikupita patsogolo dzuwa. Kulera dzina ubwana wake Kolyada pa Jari, mulungu dzuwa anali kale mphamvu zokwanira amasungunulira chipale chofewa ndi adzuke ku yozizira kugona chikhalidwe.

Phindu la holide kwambiri kwa makolo athu

Pa mwambo wa makolo athu anatentha effigy yozizira, chifukwa izo zinali zambiri osati ozizira okha, komanso njala. Nyengo kusiya kuopa munthu amafa nyengo yachisanu. Pofuna kusangalatsa mbewu kasupe ndi kuonetsetsa mtima wake, thawed mu ziwembu munda anaika zidutswa za nthuza ngati azichitira m'chaka ndi mayi. Pa maphwando tchuthi Asilavo akanatha chakudya chopatsa thanzi kuti tipeze mphamvu ntchito mu nyengo ofunda. Ataona masika achikunja Chaka Chatsopano maholide, ali bwalo kuvina, kusangalala ndi kukonzekera mwambo nsembe pudding tebulo - zikondamoyo, lomwe ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu amatikumbutsa masika dzuwa. Popeza Asilavo kukhala mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe, iwo analemekeza nyama ndi zomera ake. Chimbalangondo anali munthu wolemekezeka ndiponso ngakhale anapangidwa nyama, kotero zikondwelelo za masika iye azipereka nsembe mawonekedwe a zikondamoyo. Dzina Komoeditsa unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi chimbalangondo, ake makolo athu amatchedwa munthu, motero kuti "woyamba pancake comas" choncho anafuna zimbalangondo.

Kupayla kapena Kupala

Chilimwe yozizira (June 21) amakondwerera mulungu dzuŵa - wamphamvu ndi wodzala mphamvu Kupaylu, wopereka chonde ndi kukolola. Izi ndi tsiku lalikulu, mutu wa zakuthambo achikunja tchuthi m'chilimwe ndi Chiyambi cha chilimwe pa kalendala ya dzuwa. The Asilavo anasangalala ndi kukhala ndi nthawi yabwino, chifukwa lero akhoza kumasuka ku ntchito mwakhama ndi kulemekeza dzuwa. Anthu akuvina bwalo la moto wopatulika, analumphira mu izo, chotero oyera kusamba mu mtsinje, madzi makamaka umathandizanso tsiku limenelo. Atsikana adazizwa kuchepetsa awo ndi kulola nkhata madzi a zitsamba ndi maluwa chilimwe. Chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ndi maliboni birch - mtengo chifukwa cha ulemerero wake wokongola ndi zobiriwira anali chizindikiro cha kubereka. Pa tsiku ili, wapadera machiritso mphamvu zinthu zonse. Kudziwa zimene zikondwerero zachikunja chikugwirizana ndi matsenga chikhalidwe, Amagi pa Kupala kuwonjezera mitundu yonse ya zitsamba, maluwa, mizu, madzulo ndi m'mawa mame.

Magic matsenga usiku

Asilavo Amagi ankalambira ambiri kuti malo Kupayly. The zamatsenga usiku iwo kupewa munda opindika m'makona, singsong Werengani chiwembu mizimu yoyipa ndi anaitana kukolola wolemera. Pa Kupala makolo athu kufuna zamatsenga fern maluwa kuti limamasula basi usiku lowoneka akhoza ntchito zodabwitsa ndi kuthandiza kupeza chuma. A zambiri zongopeka wowerengeka kugwirizana ndi Kufunafuna maluwa fern pa Kupala, kumatanthauza onyamula chinachake zamatsenga matchuthi achikunja. Ndithudi, ife tikudziwa kuti zomera wakale si pachimake. A chowala analandira Schastlivtsev kwa matsenga pachimake anachititsa phosphorescent zamoyo zina pano pa masamba fern. Koma anachita usiku ndi kufufuza pakhale zochepa chidwi?

Veresen

Chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa March autumnal (September 21), mapeto a zokolola ndiponso chiyambi cha yophukira zakuthambo. Chikondwerero masabata awiri oyamba March (Indian Malimwe) - mu nthawi ino, zokolola inaŵerengeredwa ndipo anakonza mowa ake m'tsogolo. The chachiwiri - pambuyo March autumnal. Pa zikondwerero zimenezi, makolo athu olemekezeka ndi wanzeru okalamba dzuwa kuunikira, kuthokoza Mulungu chifukwa cha kukolola lochuluka ndiponso kuchita miyambo kwa chaka chotsatira chinali chonde. Kukwaniritsa kugwa ndi nthawi yotentha, Asilavo anatentha moto ndi kuvina mozungulira, kuzimitsidwa mu nyumba zawo moto akale ndi adasonkha watsopano. Iwo chokongoletsedwa nyumba ndi mitolo ya tirigu ndi anaphika tebulo chikondwerero zosiyanasiyana mikate ku mbewu kukolola. Madyerero zinachitika mu njira yaikulu, ndi matebulo othodwa ndi chakudya, anathokoza kwambiri Svetovita chifukwa cha kuwolowa manja anu.

lero

Mkubwela kwa Christianity, miyambo yakale ya makolo athu pafupifupi osaonekanso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chipembedzo chatsopano anali ndi akapolo si mawu abwino, koma ndi moto ndi lupanga. Koma kukumbukira anthu ndi amphamvu, ndipo ena mwa miyambo ndi maholide mpingo ndi sakanakhoza kuwonongedwa, kotero ine anagwirizana nawo m'malo tanthauzo la dzinalo. Kodi miyambo yachikunja anaphatikizidwa Mkhristu, ndi kusintha akukonza, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuloza pa nthawi? Monga likukhalira, onse akuluakulu: Kolyada - kubadwa kwa Dzuwa - 21 December (Khirisimasi Tsiku 4 masiku), Komoeditsa - March 20-21 (Shrove Lachiwiri - tchizi Mlungu, ankatembenukira mu nthawi chiyambi cha chaka chifukwa cha Pasaka Lenti), Kupayla - June 21, (Ivana Kupala, mwambo Mkhristu womangidwa kwa kubadwa kwa Ivana Krestitelya). Veresen - 21 September (Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Theotokos). Choncho, ngakhale m'ma zakale ndi kusintha kwa chipembedzo, mbadwa Asilavo maholide, ngakhale mu maonekedwe kusinthidwa, koma kupitiriza kulibe, koma kutsitsimutsa aliyense amene akudziwa mbiri ya anthu ake.